新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案12单元.docx

新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案12单元.docx

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综合教程4课后答案

HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4

Unit1

Activereading

（1）

Lookingforajobafteruniversity?

First,getoffthesofa

Backgroundinformation

Aboutthepassage:

ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,AlexandraBlair,publishedinSeptember2008inTheTimes,along-establishedBritish

qualitynewspaper.InEuropegenerally,andinBritaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumberofstudentswhogotouniversityandthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.However,formanygraduatesfindingajobbecameharderin2008–2009becausetheeconomicdownturn–

thenarecession–meantthatmanyemployers

werereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinalexams,somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobs

andthentheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttofind

employmentintheirfieldorattheleveltheywanted.The

articleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnewgraduateswhomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparentstobetherefortheirchildren（ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwanttotalkabouttheproblemoriftheyneedhelp）.Thearticlerecommendsfindingworkinabarorsupermarketratherthansittingunemployedathomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.Thestyleispartlyofareport,butalso

ofahumorouscommentforlightentertainment（seeninthejokeylanguageandproblem-solvingadvicetoparents）.

Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?

UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatlyinthelastfifteenyears（over45%of

youngadultsnowgoontohighereducation）,sotherearemoregraduateslookingforjobs.Thiscompetitivesituationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththe

creditcrunchandeconomicdepression,whichmeantthattherewerefewerjobsavailableandariseinunemployment.Thusnewgraduateshavetobeactivetoseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplicationformsandtrytogetjobinterviews:

theywon’tfind

employmentbylyingonthesofaathome.

Culturepoints

honoursdegree:

Traditionally,intheBritish

universitysystem,BAandBSchonoursdegreesareawarded

indifferentcategories:

afirstclassdegree（writtenusingRomannumbersasI）,asecond（dividedintotwosubcategories,writtenasIIiiandIIii,whicharecalled“atwoone”and“atwotwo”）,athird（writtenIII）and

apassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealsoordinarydegreeswithmoregeneralcoursesofstudywithoutthesecategories.

GenerationYandGrunt:

ThemainideahereisthatthereisasuccessionofdifferentgenerationsorcohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforceinNorthAmericawhicharegivendifferentinformalnames

tocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers”wereborninthegreatincrease（theboom）ofbirthsafterWorldWarII（1946–1960）,followedby“GenerationX”

people（born1960–1980）whoweresaidtobringnew

attitudesofbeingindependent,informal,

entrepreneurial,andexpectedtogetskillsandhaveacareerbefore

them.“GenerationY”orthe“MillenialGeneration”（born1980sand1990sandbecomingadultinthenewmillenium）arenowmakingupanincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobespoiltbydotingparents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedtoteamworkanddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.In

thepassage,thisgenerationisnowbecoming（morphinginto）GenerationGrunt,whichisanironicnamereferringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlesswork–thismaybetheonlyworkavailabletosome

graduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebeforetheyfindsomethingmoresuitable.“Grunt”alsoreferstocoarsebehaviouror

badmannersandtothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;whenpeople“grunt”theyexpressdisgustbutdonot

communicatewithwords–thismaybehowtheparents

ofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrencommunicatewiththem!

AcomprehensivereferstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecamepopularinthe1960s.Beforethattherewereacademic“grammarschools”andmore

general“secondarymodern”schoolsforthosewhodid

notpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthecomprehensiveschoolsweredesignedforallstudentsin

asocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudentstogetherwhethertheywereacademicornot.Thosestudents

whowenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthathadtostudyparticularlyhard（Iworkedmybacksideoff）togettouniversity,comparedtothosewhowenttogrammarschoolswhereallstudentswereacademic–comprehensivestudentsfelttheyhadtostruggletogettouniversity.

ChickensuitThisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethat

someonewearswhichmakesthepersonlooklikeagiantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,BradPittoncedressedinsuchacostumewhenhehadajobadvertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolloLoco（TheCrazyChicken’inSpanish）–thejobmeantthathe

had

towalkaroundthestreetslikeachickentoattractcustomerstocometotherestaurant.

Languagepoints

1Thosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayearsothathecouldeatwellandgotothe

oddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.（Para1）Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson’suniversityfeesandlivingexpenses（sothathecouldeat

well）andforoccasionalsocialevents–atgraduation

thesememoriesofmoneyweremostlyforgottenbecausetheparentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsarethinkingofmoneyagainbecausethesondoesn’t

haveajobanddoesn’tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.

2ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamemberofGenerationGrunt.

（Para2）

ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX（oftheparents’generationwhoworkedhard,gotjobs,andhadgoodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodothesame）haschangedintoamemberofGenerationGrunt–he

doesn’tseemtocommunicatemuch,liesaroundanddoesn’tgetajob（orcanonlydoalowstatusrouting

job）.

3Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeing„toodetached?

andtalkingin

languagethatwas„tootechnocratic?

whichIdidn?

tthinkpossible,butobviouslyitis.（Para5）

Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,buthewascriticizedintheselectioninterviews:

Theysaidhewasdetached（notpersonallyinvolved）andtootechnocratic（heusedthelanguageofa

technicalexpertorhighauthority）.Asanewgraduateheprobablywantedtoshowhisexpertiseinhislanguagesohecan’tunderstandthiscriticism.

4Fortherestitis9-to-5“chilling”beforeheadingtothepub.

（Para6）

Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob（like

stackinggoodsonasupermarketshelf）chilloutallday（theyspendtheirtimecasuallyrelaxing–they

don’tlookforwork）andgotopubforadrinkinthe

evening.

5IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagooduniversity…（Para6）

Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities（nottoaspecialschoolforacademicstudents）andsohehadtoworkveryhardtoenteragooduniversity:

Yourbacksidemeansyourbottom–thepartofyour

bodythatyousiton–toworkyourbacksideoffis

informalanditmeansyouworkveryhardindeed.6…buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheandherhusbandfindittrickyto

advisehimonhowtoproceed.（Para7）

Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob（presumablythefatherisalsoworkingfull-time）,soshedoesnothaverelevantpersonalexperience.Forher,itistrickytogiveadvice（difficulttodo）.

7Carryonlifeasnormalanddon?

tallowthemtoabuse

yourbankaccountorsapyourreserveof

emotionalenergy.（Para11）

TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparentsshouldliveasusual.Theyshouldneitherlettheirchildrenspendtheparents’moneyunnecessarily,norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheirenergyandemotions.Saptheirreservemeansuseuptheirstoreof

emotionalenergy.

8Afterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmlybackintothesaddle.（Para12）

Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildrenfirmlysothattheygetbackintocontroloftheirlives.

Readingandunderstanding

2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.

Teachingtips

GooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemtoexplainwhytheotheranswersarewrong（Seebelow）.

1Whyhasn’tJackGoodwingotajobyet?

（a）Hedoesn’thaveaverygooddegree.

（No,hehasa2:

1whichisconsideredagooddegree.）（b）Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.（Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingat

university.）

（c）Itisn’teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancialclimate.

（Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmentionthis.）

（d）Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.（No,hedoesn’tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:

hewatchesTVandtalkstofriends.）

2Howdoeshespendatypicalday?

（a）Doingatemporaryjob.

（No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobsbuthedoesn’twanttodothis.）

（b）Watchingtelevision.

（HewatchesTValot.）

（c）Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.（No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn’twanttoqueue

sohewalkedaway.）

（d）Preparingforthenextjobinterview.（No,hedoesn’tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.）

3Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?

（a）Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.（Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,then

theygotothepub.）

（b）Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.（No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;thereisnomentionofsailing.）

（c）Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.（No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforce