人教版八年级下英语第一单元sectionB讲义.docx
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人教版八年级下英语第一单元sectionB讲义
Unit1what’sthematter(SectionB)
教学目标:
1.语言知识目标:
能掌握SectionB的单词及词组;能掌握以下句型:
进一步了解文中出现的定语从句,时间状语从句等;理解文章的含义。
2.能力目标:
提高学生的阅读能力,即理解文章的能力;总结归纳文章中知识点的能力。
3.情感目标:
培养学生敢于面对生活中出现的挫折的精神,拥有坚强的意志力。
四、教学重难点
1.教学重点:
Masterthekeyvocabularyandexpressions.掌握重要词汇及表达
2.教学难点:
定语从句、时间状语从句以及宾语从句的理解及反身代词的用法
一.Review(复习)上节课的单词及重要内容
二.SectionB单词学习
1.bandage['bndd]n.&v.绷带;用绷带包扎2.sick[sk]adj.患病的,不适的
3.knee[ni:
]n.膝盖4.nosebleed[nzbli:
d]n.鼻出血
5.breathe[bri:
e]v.呼吸6.sunburned[snb:
nd]adj.晒伤的
7.ourselves[ɑ:
selvz]pron.我们自己
(we的反身代词)8.climber[klam(r)]n.登山者
9.beusedto习惯于…适应于…10.risk[rsk]n.&v.风险,危险;冒险
11.takerisks(takearisk)冒险12.accident[ksidnt]n.意外事件;事故
13.situation[sitjuein]n.状况,形式,情况14.kg=kilogram[klgrm]n.公斤,千克
15.rock[rk]n.岩石16.runout(of)用尽,耗尽
17.knife[naif]n.刀,餐刀18.cutoff切除
19.blood[bld]n.血20.mean[mi:
n]v.意味着,意思是,意欲
21.getoutof离开,从…出来22.importance[mp:
tns]n.重要性
23.decision[d'sn]n.决心,决定,抉择24.control[kn'trl]v.控制,支配,操纵
24.beincontrolof掌管,管理25.spirit['sprt]n.勇气,意志
26.death[deθ]n.死亡27.giveup放弃
28.nurse[n:
s]n.护士
三、把下列短语翻译成中文
1.beusedto_________2.takerisks_________3.runout(of)__________4.cutoff_________5.getoutof___________
6.beincontrolof______________7.keepon(doingsth.)_________
8.giveup____________
语言知识归纳:
SectionB
Someonegothitonthehead.
1.someone不定代词。
不定代词的用法
2.gethit为系表结构,“gethit+in/on+the+身体部位”表示某人某部位受伤。
Thesoldiergothitintheshoulder.
这一句型相当于:
hitsbonon/inthe+身体部位Thestonehithimonthehead.
3.hit表示“轰动一时的成功的人或事”Thesongwasahitatonce.
HehurthimselfinP.Eclass.他上体育课时受伤了。
1.hurt用法
(1).动词:
tocausephysicalpaintosb/yourself;toinjuresb/yourself使疼痛,受伤,过去式:
hurt,过去分词:
hurt.
eg:
Maryhurtherselfwhenshewasplayingbasketball./Myleghurts.
(2).形容词:
①injuredphysically(身体上)受伤的,Nopeoplewerehurt.
②感情上受伤的,相当于upset.Shewasdeeplyhurtthatshewasnotinvited.
1.himself为反身代词。
在句子中常做同位语或宾语。
强调主语自身发出的动作,因此反身代词应该和句子的主语在人称上保持一致。
Heisgoingtobuyhimselfanewcomputer.(做宾语)
Imyselfdidthiswork.(做同位语)
【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
数人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himselfherselfitself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
【用法】
1.可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。
如:
Mariaboughtherselfascarf.Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.
2.可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如:
Sheisn’tquiteherselftoday.
3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。
如:
SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.
4.用在某些固定短语当中。
如:
lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顾自己
teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学
enjoyoneself玩得高兴,过得愉快
helponeselftosth请自用……(随便吃/喝些……).
hurtoneself摔伤自己
saytooneself自言自语
leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下
buyoneselfsth.给自己买……东西
introduceoneself介绍……自己
【提醒】
1.反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。
如:
我自己能完成作业。
(误)Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.
2.反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”,因为它没有所有格的形式。
表达“某人自己的(东西)”时,须要用one’sown.
如:
我用我自己的蜡笔画画。
(误)I’mdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.(正)I’mdrawingwithmyowncrayons.
【练习】
1.Myclassmate,LiMing,madeacardfor_________justnow.
2.Badluck!
Icut_________withaknifeyesterday.
3.Theytellustheycanlookafter_________verywell.
4.Mycatcanfindfoodby_________.
5.Help__________tosomebeef,boys.
6.Jennyenjoyed_________intheparkyesterdayafternoon.
7.Wecanfinishourhomeworkby_________.
8.Theblindgirllost_________inthebeautifulmusic.
9.XiaoHui,canyouintroduce_________tous
10.Billwantstoteach_________Frenchfromnowon.
中考:
It’sveryimportantforustolearnforustolearnhowtolearnby___________.
A.ourselvesB.itselfC.myselfD.themselves
haveproblemsbreaking呼吸困难
haveproblems(in)doingsth=havedifficulty(in)doingsth=havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有困难
Ihaveproblems(in)learningEnglish.
AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.
定语从句
1.①Mymotherisanursewho/thatworksinahospital.
②Thatgirlwho/thatisinredismyEnglishteacher.
总结:
①定义:
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
(做名词或代词定语的句子)
②在定语从句中,被修饰的名词或代词叫做现行词,引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。
③关系代词有:
who,that,whom,which,whose在句子中做主语,宾语或定语。
关系副词有:
where,when,why,how在句子中作状语
④先行词是人,关系代词在句子中做主语时,关系代词用who/that
⑤翻译技巧:
英翻汉:
先翻从句汉翻英:
先翻主句
练习题:
Themenwho/thatarerepairingtheroadaremakingthenoise.
Thegirlwho/thatistalkingwithMaryismyEnglishteacher.
2.①Thebirdwhich/thatissingingonthetreeismine.
②Thedogwhich/thatiscarryingabasketismine.
总结:
在定语从句中,如果先行词是物,并且关系代词在句子中做主语时,关系代词用which/that.
练习:
Therabbitwhich/thatlivesonthemoonisChanger’s.
Thebookwhich/thatisonthedeskisMary’s.
3.Isawastudentwhom/who/thatItaughtlastyear.
Imetastudentwhom/who/thatIhityesterdayonmyclass.
在定语从句中,现行词是人,关系代词在句子中做宾语是,关系代词用whom,who,that.
4.Thenovelthat/whichIreadislost.
Thedogwhich/thatIfoundisMary’s.
在定语从句中,先行词是物,关系代词在句子中做宾语时,关系代词用which/that.
综上所述:
关系代词所代替的现行词是指人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语,宾语,定语等成分。
关系代词在句子中做主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
whose在定语从句中做定语,用来指人或物,若指物时,它可以和ofwhich互换。
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.
Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisyellow.
1.Friendsarethosemakeyousmile,alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.
A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who
2.It’stimetosaygoodbyetomyschool.I’llalwaysrememberthepeoplehavehelpedme.
A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where
3.SteveJobsbroughtustheipadandtheiphonediedonOctober5,2011.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.what
4.Jamieisayoungcookwantstoimproveschooldinners.
A.whoseB.whoC.whichD.whom
5.Ilikewriters_________writeshortstories.
A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who
6.Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren_____losttheirparentsinYushu,QinghaiProvince.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whose
7.Thegirl_____youtalkedwithattheschoolgateisournewmathteacher.
A.whoseB.whichC.whomD.what
8.-Haveyoufoundtheinformationaboutthefamouspeople______youcanuseforthereport
-Notyet.I’llsearchsomeontheInternet.
A.whoB.whatC.whomD.which
9.---Doyouknowtheboy________issittingnexttoPeter
---Yes.HeisPeter’sfriend.Theyarecelebratinghis________birthday.
A.who;ninthB.that;ninethC./;ninethD.which;ninth
10.Afriendissomeone__________say,“What!
YoutooIthoughtIwastheonlyone!
”
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose
2.
(1)beinterestedinsth/doingsth对……感兴趣
(2)interesting/interested区别
中考:
—Peterhaschangedalot,hasn’the
—Yes.Heusedto___________theguitar,butnowheismore___________inplayingsoccer.
A.plays;interestedB.play;interestedC.play;interestingD.playing;interest
Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.
1.
(1)beusedto=getusedto=becomeusedtodoingsth习惯于……I’musedtolookingaftermyself.
(2)usedtodosth过去常常做某事Maryusedtodoherhomeworkatnight.
(3)beusedtodosth被用来做某事Apenisusedtowrite.
1.辨析usedtodosth.与beusedtosth./doingsth.
↓↓
过去常常……习惯于某事/做某事(强调状态)
Weusedtodrawpicturesbadly.
Youwillgetusedtotheweatherhere.
Intheend,Igotusedtodoinghardwork.
get/becomeusedtosth/doingsth变得习惯,逐渐适应....”强调过程和动作
It’sdifficultforonegetusedtoanothercountry’shabit.
中考:
—HowdoesJackusuallygotowork.
—He__________driveacar,butnowhe___________theretoloseweight.
A.usedto;isusetowalkB.wasusedto;isusedtowalking
C.wasusedto;isusedtowalkD.usedto;isusedtowalking
2.takerisks冒险/takearisk
Youhavenorighttotakeriskswithotherslives.
Thisisoneoftheexcitingthingsaboutdoingdangeroussports.
oneof+形容词最高级形式+名词的复数Maryisoneofthetallestgirlsinourclass.
Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.
1.runout“用完,耗尽”,当表示“用完某物”时,用runoutof
Maryhasrunoutofhermoney.
2.own
(1)形容词,“自己的”常放在名词所有格或形容词性物主代词的后面来加强语气。
Imadeitwithmyownhands.
(2)动词,“拥有”,其名词形式是owner,“主人”Iwanttohavetotalkwiththeownerofthishouse.Doyouknowwhoownsit
中考:
Theycanwear___________clothes.
A.themselvesB.theyownC.theirown
3.saveone’slife挽救某人性命Isavedthedog’slife.
save
(1)挽救
(2)节省,节约(3)储蓄,储存
中考:
Travellingbyplaneisexpensive,butit___________(节省)time.
Soheusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarm.
1.knife复数形式的变化:
knives.(初中阶段名词变为复数与此一样的有:
wife,leaf,wolf,shelf,thief等)
记忆口诀:
“妻子”拿“刀”去砍“狼”,“架子”后面“小偷”用“叶”挡。
中考:
Thegroundiscoveredwithfallen_________(leaf)inautumn.
2.
(1)cutoff“砍掉,切掉”Marycutoffsomeflowersfromthebush.
(2)与off有关的短语getoff(下车)showoff(炫耀)runoff(跑开)falloff(掉下)putoff(推迟)turnoff(关闭)keepoff(远离,阻止)
中考:
—Who’sthemostmodestboyinyourclass
—Daniel.Henever____________inpublic.
Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.
1.so…that…引导的结果状语从句,其中so是副词,修饰形容词或者是副词,that后面加从句。
其句型结构主要有:
(1)so+adj/adv+that从句MaryransofastthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.
(2)so+adj+a/an+n.+that从句Mysonissoyoungaboythathecan’tgotoschool.
(3)somany/much/few/little+n.+that从句Katehadsomanyfallsthatshewasblackandblueallover.
2.such…that… “如此……以至于”,但such后面要用名词。
其句型结构主要有:
(1)such+a/an+名词单数+that从句Maryissuchalovelygirlthatwealllikeher.
(2)such+adj+名词复数+that从句Therearesuchdifficultquestionsthatnoonecananswerthem.
(3)adj+不可数名词+that从句Itwassuchterribleweatherthatwehadnothingtodo.
中考