英语词汇 6.docx
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英语词汇6
今年高考北京新增91个英语词汇及用法
在连续几年增加新词汇的基础上（2003年增加65个，2004年增加80个，2005年增加58个），2006年北京市高考继续增加新词汇91个，使得北京市高考考试说明的词汇总量升高至2688个（包括2282个单词和406个习惯用语和固定搭配）。
为什么要持续增加词汇“不断加大学生负担”呢？
临近高考我们应该怎么面对它们？
笔者就此发表一下个人的看法：
1．《新课程标准》要求高中学生词汇量达到3500左右（根据笔者统计比较准确的数字是3434个单词以及265个单独列出的国家名称及相关信息和数字、星期、月份等----这就总共达到3699个单词，还不包括词组和短语）。
《新课程标准》是国家纲领性文件，理应成为全国以及各独立命题的省、市高考词汇量的目标标准，天津、广东、湖北等地也在不断扩大词汇量，甚至今年有些省市比如湖南就直接明确提出词汇范围参照《新课程标准》。
据此笔者大胆推断今后几年北京市高考词汇还将要继续增加，但范围还是跟这几年一样基本不会超出课标，因为近年增加的词汇中只有去年的一个单词original是课标外的新词, 但其源词即其名词形式origin也是包括在课标内的。
2．这次增加的91个单词有很多是英语学习和实际生活中经常见到和用到的基础词，在现行的主流教材课本中都属于比较高频的词汇。
其实象人教版和外研版等高中课本都很注意词汇扩展以符合课标要求。
今年增加的新词比如access，anyway，battery，cheat，culture，honey，horrible, movie, observe等等都应该是大家耳熟能详的，只要平时基本功比较扎实的同学就不必将他们看成负担为此徒生烦恼。
3．在高考前有限的时间内复习单词，笔者认为最重要的还是注意单词的意义和用法，重视功能性和生成性，特别要重视动词的运用，因此把它们放在句子中学习是比较有效的。
至于每个单词要掌握到什么程度，比如要学会该词的几种词性和义项，笔者还是提倡以课标为准，下面就依此将所有91个新词整理出来，希望对大家复习有所帮助。
4．笔者在阅读研究近几年北京市高考说明时发现词汇表中竟然一直没有“I”这个基本的词汇，为什么北京英语高考要这样“忘我”呢？
不知是排版错误还是其他什么原因，也许可以解释为以字母排序的形式出现了。
笔者曾经试图电话联系北京市考试院可惜一直没能成功。
在此提醒广大考生同学们注意。
2006年北京市高考新增加词汇91个：
1. access n.方法，通路
The only access to their house on the hillside is along a narrow path.只有顺着一条狭窄的小路爬到半山腰，才能到他们家。
Students in our school have easy access to a good library.我们学校的学生可以自由地利用图书馆。
v.存取（计算机文件）
The files should be accessed every day to keep them up to date.应该每天存入那些文件以使他们保持更新。
It took me quite a long time to access several different files to find the correct information.我花了好长时间存取了好多文件才找到所要的信息。
2. account n. ①帐目
I’d like to open a new bank account .我想在银行开一个帐户。
I have no more than ￡2,000 in my account.我的帐户上仅剩2，000英镑。
②描述
The police asked me for an account of my movements around Saturday.警方要我说出星期
六前后我的活动。
You can read her own personal account of her experience in her diary.你可以从她的日记中看她对其个人经历的自我描述。
3. accuse v.指控，控告
He was accused of stealing again.他再次被指控盗窃。
The judge took his seat and asked the accused man to stand up.法官就位后，请被告起立。
4. ambition n.雄心，野心，志向，抱负
Her husband is full of ambition.她丈夫野心勃勃。
One of his ambitions is to become a great poet.他的目标之一是当个大诗人。
5. amount n.总数，总额, 数量
Large amounts of money were spent on the old temple.那座古庙花费了大笔的钱。
Can you really afford only half of this amount now?
你真地只能付得起总数的一半吗？
v.总计，共达
The cost amounted to over 10,000 dollars.成本共计一万多美金。
What you say amounts to a refusal.你说的话就等于拒绝。
6. amuse vt.（使人）快乐，逗乐
He thought of various activities to amuse the baby till bedtime.他想出各种活动来逗宝宝开心直到上床睡觉。
Can you keep yourself amused while I make a phone call?
我打个电话你自己消遣一会好吗？
7. analyse（Am.analyze） v.分析，研究
He analysed the food and found no poison in it.他分析了那份食物但没发现有毒。
We must carefully analyse the causes of the accident.我们必须认真分析那次事故的原因。
8. ancient a.古代的，古老的
He is making a careful study of Chinese ancient history.他正在认真研究中国古代史。
She was wearing an ancient straw hat.她戴着顶古式草帽。
9. anyway ad.不管怎样
He did lend us his hand, anyway.不管怎么说他确实帮我们忙了。
The book was rather difficult, but I went through it anyway.这本书很难，但我还是大体浏览了
一遍。
10. apart ad. ①除去，撇开
The boss felt satisfied with our work apart from a few slight faults.除了几处小毛病老板对我们干的工作感到满意。
Apart from the injury to her face, she broke her neck.除了脸上受伤外她的颈部骨折。
②相距，相隔, 分开，分离
The couple are living apart.那对夫妇分居。
She was standing with her feet wide apart.她站在那里，双脚分得很开。
Sitting a little apart from the rest of the class, Tom was painting.汤姆坐在离班里其他同学稍远点的地方绘画。
More and more families are breaking apart.越来越多的家庭解体。
11.apartment n. ①（美）楼中单元房，一套房间
They moved into a new apartment.他们搬进一套新单元房。
The rich lady has different apartments in the big city.这位富姐在城里有好几套房子。
②房间
May I know on which floor your apartment is?
我能知道你住在哪层楼吗？
It’s much cheaper to live in an apartment than to stay in a hotel.住公寓比住旅馆要便宜得多。
12. aside ad.在旁边
I stood aside to let them pass.我站在一边让他们过去。
My wife put aside the sweater she was working on to answer the door.我老婆把手中正在织的毛衣放到一边去应门。
13. assume v.假使，假定，设想
Assuming it rains this afternoon, what shall we do?
假设今天下午下雨的话我们怎么办？
We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.在证实他有罪之前我们要假定他是清白的。
14. aware a.明白的，清醒的
Are you aware of the difficulty in persuading her?
你认识到要说服她该多难吗？
I’m well aware that few jobs are available at present.我很明白眼下基本没有什么工作好找。
15. awful a. ①可怕的
The pain in my back was awful.我的背部疼得不得了。
There’s an awful accident at the crossing.路口发生了可怕的车祸。
②极讨厌的，糟透的
What an awful film!
真是糟糕透了的电影！
The weather was awful during their holidays.他们假期中的天气糟透了。
16. battery n.电池
This transistor has two batteries.这个晶体管收音机有两块电池。
The battery wants recharging.这块电池该充电了。
17. bother v.打扰，烦扰
I’m sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time?
不好意思打扰你，几点了？
Don’t bother your father with it now; he is tired from work.别去用那件事情烦你爸爸；他工作很累了。
The problem has been bothering me.那个问题一直在困扰我。
18. cancel vt.取消
He cancelled his trip abroad because he fell ill.他因为生病取消了出国之行。
Why did she cancel the appointment with Mr. Black?
她为何取消了跟布莱克先生的预约？
19. ceremony n.典礼，仪式
Did she leave before the closing ceremony?
她在进行闭幕式前就走了吗？
Our relatives were all present at our wedding ceremony.我们的亲属都来参加我们的婚礼了。
20. characteristic a.典型的，有特色的
He spoke to us with characteristic enthusiasm.他以其特有的热情对我们发表了讲话。
The wet weather is characteristic of the northwest of their country.这种潮湿的天气在他们国家的西北是很典型的。
21. cheat n.①骗取，哄骗，作弊
Some tax cheats have been discovered in the past half-year.头半年查出了几起偷漏税案件。
His management turned out to be a shameful cheat.他的经营原来是见不得人的欺诈行为。
②骗子
The cheat was caught and taken to the police.那个骗子被抓住送给警察了。
The two weavers who made the new clothes for the emperor turned out to be cheats.给皇帝做新衣服的那两个织工原来是骗子。
v.骗取，哄骗, 作弊
You’re really just cheating yourself if you cheat in an examination.你要在考试中作弊其实就是蒙蔽你自己。
It wasn’t the first time that he had cheated at cards.这不是他头一回打牌捣鬼了。
22. committee n.委员会
The committee believes that the Department of Education must be improved.委员会觉得教育部应该改进。
She is on several committees.她是好几个委员会的委员。
23. complex a.错综复杂的，难以理解的
We soon got lost in the complex network of roads connecting the two cities.我们不久就在连接这两座城市的错综复杂的道路网中迷路了。
His political ideas were too complex to get support from ordinary people.他的政治理念太过于复杂从而很难得到公众的支持。
n.复杂，合成系统
The new sports complex in our district has everything needed for many different activities.我们社区新建的综合体育馆可以提供各种不同体育运动所需要的一切设备。
Did they pull down the houses to make room for a big industrial complex?
他们拆除那些房屋是为腾出地方来建设一个大型的工业联合体吗？
24. consist v.包含，组成，构成
The delicious soup consists of tomatoes, peas and meat.这份可口的汤里有番茄，豌豆和肉。
How many districts does the city of Beijing consist of?
北京城由几个区组成？
25.convince v.说服，使确信
We convinced her to go to the library.我们说服她去了图书馆。
It was hard to convince you that we couldn’t afford a large house.要让你确信我们买不起一幢大房子很不容易。
26. culture n.文化
Beijing is a good city for anybody who is really interested in culture.北京对任何真正对文化感兴趣的人都是个好城市。
Chinese culture has already become widely known in the Western countries.中国文化已经为西方国家所广泛了解。
27. debt n.债务, 欠款
What does your debt add up to?
你总共欠多少钱？
His sons spent too much of his money and soon he got into debt.他的儿子们花去他太多的钱，很快他就债台高筑了。
28. dot n.点，小点，圆点
The captain marked the position with a dot on the map.船长在地图上的那个位置标了个小点。
She’s wearing a white dress with little pink dots.她穿着件带粉红圆点的白连衣裙。
29. fee n.费，费用
The famous surgeon charged a fee of $200 per consultation.这位著名外科医生每次出诊要收取二百美元。
Her parents couldn’t afford the fees for her to study music.她的父母负担不起她学习音乐的费用。
30. finance n. ①财务，财政
Her grandpa is an expert in finance.她外公是个财务专家。
It’s strange that a person working in a bank doesn’t know about finance.很奇怪在银行工作的人不了解财务。
②经费，资金
Unless we get more finance, we’ll have to close some branches.除非我们得到更多的经费，不然我们就要不得不关闭一部分分公司了。
Additional finance may be necessary to meet expanding needs both at home and abroad.为了满足国内外日益增长内的需要有必要追加经费。
31. focus v.使聚焦
This picture looks funny. Did you forget to focus the camera?
那张照片看上去很有意思。
你忘记调节照相机的焦距了吗？
The beams of light moved across the sky and finally focused on the balloon.光束在天空移动最后聚焦在那个气球上了。
n.焦点，中心
This photograph is badly out of focus. We can’t see his face clearly.那张照片很模糊。
我们根本看不清楚他的脸。
Bring the vase into focus if you want a sharp picture.你要是想照张清晰的照片就要聚焦在这个花瓶上。
32. folk a.民间的
Which do you prefer, pop music or folk music?
流行音乐和民间音乐你更喜欢什么？
She became interested in Irish folk dancing.她对爱尔兰民间舞蹈产生了兴趣。
33. forecast n. & vt.预告
Warmer weather is forecast for the next three days.预报以后的三天天气更加暖和。
The recent weather forecast is inaccurate.最近的天气预报不很准确。
Her teachers forecast a brilliant future for the little girl.小女孩的老师们都预见她将来前程辉煌。
34. function n.功能，作用
What’s the function of a chairman at a meeting?
会议主席的作用是什么？
Computers can fulfill a useful function if used properly.如果运用得当电脑能够起很大作用。
v.运行，起作用
The sewing machine won’t function well if you don’t oil it regularly.如果你不定时上油那台缝纫机就不好用。
Is your brain functioning normally?
你的脑子没有毛病吧？
35. honey n.蜂蜜
It’s said that honey does good to women’s health.据说蜂蜜对妇女的身体健康有利。
Susan helped herself with a piece of toast and spread it with honey.苏珊自己拿了块烤面包并抹上蜂蜜。
36. horrible a.令人恐惧的, 恐怖的
How many people were killed in the horrible accident?
那次恐怖的事故中有多少人丧生？
I don’t like films full of horrible scenes of murder and violence.我不爱看充满可怕的凶杀和暴力镜头的影片。
37. ignore v.忽视，不理
He ignored the speed limit and drove too fast.他无视限速开得飞快。
I could no longer ignore his rudeness.我对他的无礼忍无可忍了。
38. import v.进口，输入
Cars are imported into our country every year.每年我们国家都进口汽车。
A lot of countries import wool from Australia.很多国家都从澳大利亚进口羊毛。
n.进口，输入
The import of oil from abroad was cut off when the war broke out.战争一爆发从国外进口石油就被切断了。
There’s been a great increase in both import and export.进出口都有很大增长。
39. impress vt.留下极深的印象
I was very impressed by what he said.他所说的话给我留下了深刻的印象。
The significant sights of the Great Wall impressed the foreign tourists.外国游客无一不对长城的壮观景象留有深刻的印象。
40. indicate v.指示，表示
He indicated t
升级会员 