审核指南中英文对照版.docx
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审核指南中英文对照版
InternationalOrganizationforStandardizationInternationalAccreditationForum
Date:
21September2004
ISO9001AuditingPracticesGroup
TheISO9001AuditingPracticesGroupisaninformalgroupofqualitymanagementsystem(QMS)experts,auditorsandpractitionersdrawnfromtheISOTechnicalCommittee176QualityManagementandQualityAssurance(ISO/TC176)andtheInternationalAccreditationForum(IAF).
Ithasdevelopedanumberofguidancepapersandpresentations(see"QMSauditingtopics"below)thatcontainideas,examplesandexplanationsabouttheauditingofQMSs.Thesereflecttheprocess-basedapproachthatisessentialforauditingtherequirementsofISO9001:
2000Qualitymanagementsystems-Requirements.
TheguidanceisprimarilyaimedatQMSauditors,consultantsandqualitypractitioners,butisnotdefinitive. ThepapersandpresentationsreflectanumberofdifferentviewsinQMSauditing.Assuch,theircontentmaynotalwaysbeconsistent. Itisnotintendedthattheguidancewillbeusedasspecifiedrequirements,anindustrybenchmark,orascriteriathatallQMSauditors,consultantsorpractitionershavetofollow.
QMSauditingtopics
∙Theneedfora2-stageapproachtoauditing2阶段审核的必要性
∙MeasuringQMSeffectivenessandimprovements测量QMS的有效性及其改进
∙Identificationofprocesses过程的识别
∙Understandingtheprocessapproach过程方法的理解
∙Determinationofthe“whereappropriate”processes确定”适当的”过程
∙Auditingthe“whereappropriate”requirements审核”适当的”要求
∙Demonstratingconformitytothestandard证明符合标准
∙Linkinganauditofaparticulartask,activityorprocesstotheoverallsystem
∙Auditingcontinualimprovement审核持续改进
∙AuditingaQMSwhichhasminimumdocumentation 审核QMS文件化的最低要求
∙Howtoaudittopmanagementprocesses如何审核最高管理层
∙Theroleandvalueoftheauditchecklist 审核检查表的角色和价值
∙ScopeofISO9001:
2000,ScopeofQualityManagementSystemandDefiningScopeofCertificationISO9001:
2000的范围,质量管理体系的范围和定义认证范围
∙HowtoAddValueduringtheauditprocess审核过程如何增值
∙Auditingcompetenceandtheeffectivenessofactionstaken审核能力要求和采取措施的有效性
∙AuditingStatutoryandRegulatoryrequirements审核法规和指令要求
∙AuditingtheQualityPolicyandQualityObjectives审核质量方针和质量目标
∙AuditingISO9001,Clause7.6Controlofmonitoringandmeasuringdevices审核ISO9001,7.6条款监视和测量装置的要求
∙MakingeffectiveuseofISO19011ISO19011的有效应用
∙AuditingCustomerFeedbackprocesses审核顾客反馈过程
∙DocumentingaNonconformity文件化不符合项
∙Guidanceforreviewingandclosingnonconformities评审和关闭不符合项指南
∙AuditingInternalCommunications审核内部沟通
∙AuditingPreventiveAction审核预防措施
∙AuditingServiceOrganizations审核服务组织
∙AuditingtheEffectivenessoftheInternalAudit审核内部审核的有效性
∙AuditingElectronicBasedManagementSystems审核电子管理体系
A"Zip"fileofalltheabovedocuments isalsoavailable. 可获得以上文件的ZIP档。
FeedbackfromuserswillbeusedbytheISO9001AuditingPracticesGrouptodeterminewhetheradditionalguidancedocumentsshouldbedeveloped,orifthesecurrentonesshouldberevised.Commentsonthepapersorpresentationscanbesenttothefollowingemailaddress:
*****************************.
Theotherpapersandpresentationsmaybedownloadedfromthewebsites:
www.iaf.nu
www.bsi.org.uk/iso-tc176-sc2
Theneedfora2stageapproachtoauditing
2阶段审核的必要性
AuditingISO9001:
2000requiresauditorstoobtainagoodunderstandingofanauditee’squalitymanagementsystem(QMS)andthenatureofitsbusiness.Thisiswhyitisbeneficialforanorganizationtobevisitedpriortoitscertificationauditandfora1ststageaudittobeconducted.审核ISO9001:
2000要求审核员很好地理解受审核方的质量管理体系和业务性质。
这就是在认证审核前访问组织,建立第一阶段审核的好处。
This1ststageauditisprimarilyforscopingandplanningacertificationaudit(thestage2audit)andtoallowtheauditortoobtainanunderstandingoftheorganisation.Forexample,togainknowledgeofitsQMS,policies,objectives,risks,processes,locations,etc.Itisalsomaybeusedfortheauditingbodytocommunicateitsneedsandexpectationstotheauditee.第一阶段审核可初步确定认证审核(第二阶段审核)范围并进行策划,让审核员了解组织。
如了解质量管理体系,方针,目标,风险,过程,现场等信息。
也可用于审核机构与受审核方沟通需求和期望。
Activitiesperformedatapreliminary1ststageauditinclude第一阶段审核活动包括:
∙Identificationofthekeyrisksofthebusinessandrelatedstatutory,regulatoryaspectsandcompliance
识别业务的主要风险和相关的法令法规及其符合性
∙Anassessmentofwhethertheauditee'sdefinedprocessesareadequatetomeetitsobjectivesandcustomerrequirements
评价受审核方确定的过程是否充分,并满足目标和顾客要求
∙ConductingaDocumentationReview
进行文件审核
∙Thisreviewshoulddetermineiftheorganisation'sQMSdocumentationadequatelycoversalltherequirementsofISO9001:
2000.Thereviewwouldnormallybecarriedoutattheauditee'spremises(unlessotherwiserequestedandjustified).Asaresultofthisactivity,areportshouldbeprovidedthatnotesanydeficientareas.Aspartofthedocumentationreview,theauditorshouldassesstheextentandavailabilityofsupportingproceduresandprocessdescriptions.Collectingnecessaryinformationregardingthescopeoftheorganization'smanagementsystem,processesandlocation(s)
确定组织的质量管理体系文件是否充分覆盖了ISO9001:
2000的要求。
此评审通常基于受审核方的前提下进行(除非有另外的要求和证明)。
结果应提供报告描述不足之处。
作为文件评审的一部分,审核员应评价支持程序和过程描述的程度和可获得性。
收集关于组织管理体系,过程和场所的必要信息。
∙Draftingthefuturecertificationdocumentation,includingtheScopestatement
起草下一步认证文件,包括范围的确定
∙Planningthecertification(stage2)audit,includingtherequirementsforauditteamselection
策划认证(第二阶段)审核,包括审核组选择的要求
∙Obtainingevidencethatinternalauditsandmanagementreviewsarebeingplanned,orperformed,effectively
获得内部审核和管理评审有效策划或实施的证据
∙CheckingthattheQMSisimplementedandreadyforthestage2audit,includingappropriatelevelofdocumentsandsupportingrecords.
检查实施的质量管理体系及为第二阶段审核的准备,包括必要的文件和支持记录的水平。
Ifthesystemislackinginanyway,theauditorshouldnotethisintheauditreport,sothattheorganisationhasanopportunitytorectifydeficienciespriortoitscertification(2ndstage)audit.
如果体系有缺失,审核员应记录在审核报告中,以便组织在认证(第二阶段)审核前矫正缺失。
∙Agreeingadateforthestage2audit
确定第二阶段审核日期Identificationofprocesses过程的识别
1.Distinguishingbetweentheconceptsofaprocessandanactivity
过程和活动概念的区别
Ifanauditeecannotdistinguishbetweentheconceptsofaprocessandanactivity,theauditorcanbrieflyexplainthedifferencesbyusingtheguidance(clause2.4)anddefinition((3.4.1)inISO9000:
2000asbackgroundinformation.Theauditormustbeabletoadapttotheauditee’ssituation.Itistheauditor’sresponsibilitytounderstandtheauditee’ssystemsandapproach.
如果受审核方不能区别过程和活动的概念,审核员可以ISO9000:
2000的指南和定义作为背景知识简要地解释其不同之处。
审核员应有能力适应受审核方的状况。
理解受审核方体系和方式是审核员的职责。
Duringtheaudit,theauditorshoulddeterminewhetherthereisaproblemofdifference
ofterminologyonly,orwhetherthereisalackofrealimplementationoftheprocessapproachbytheauditee.TheremaybeaneedtoissueanNCRiftheauditeeisnotfullyimplementingtherequirementsstatedinISO9001:
2000,Clause4.1.Ifthisissimplyaterminologyproblem,thereshouldbenoneedtoissueanNCR,ifalltherequirementsofinClause4.1aresatisfied.
在审核期间,审核员应确定仅是术语不同的原因,还是受审核方过程方法实施的缺失。
如果受审核方不能满足ISO9001:
2000条款4.1规定的要求,则需要发出NCR。
如果满足了条款4.1的要求,仅是简单的术语问题,则不需要发出NCR,
Theauditeehastherighttouseitsownterminology,providedtherequirementsofthestandardaremet.Theauditorshouldmentallydevelopacross-referencelisttoensureconsistencyandbetterunderstanding.
倘若满足标准要求,受审核方有权利使用他自己的术语。
审核员应在心里建立一个对照表以确保一致性和更好地理解。
2.Aprocesshasdefinedobjective(s),input(s),output(s),activities,andresources
定义的过程目标、输入、输出、活动和资源
Iftheauditeedoesnotunderstandthataprocessmusthavedefined(butnotnecessarilymeasurable)objective(s),input(s),output(s),activities,andresources,theauditorshouldtryreformulatingthequestionstotheauditeeavoidingtheuseofQMjargon,e.g.Canyouexplaintomeyouroperationshere?
Whatarethebasicjobscarriedoutinyourdepartment?
Whatinformationdoyouneedtostartyourwork?
Wheredoesitcomefrom?
Whoreceivestheresultofyourwork?
Howdoyouknowifyou’vedoneyourjobcorrectly?
etc..
如果受审核方不了解过程需定义(不适当可测量的)目标、输入、输出、活动和资源,审核员应试着换一种形式,以便受审核方避免使用质量管理行话,如你能向我解释你的运作吗?
你部门的基本工作是什么?
你开始工作需要哪些信息?
这些信息从何处获得?
谁接受你工作的结果?
你如何理解正确的工作?
等。
Thisshouldhelptheauditortoestablishwhethertheprocesses(asperISO9001:
2000)arealreadydefined,haveclearinputs,outputs,objectivesandsoon.
这些帮助审核员确定是否已定义过程,有清晰的输入,输出,目标等。
3.Processesshouldbeanalysed,monitoredand/ormeasured,andimproved
应分析,监视和/或测量,改进过程
Ifafterapplyingtheaudittechniquesoutlinedabove,thereisanabsenceofanyrecordsorotherprooftodemonstratethattheprocessesareanalysed,and/ormonitored,and/ormeasured,and/orimproved,therewouldappeartobenon-conformitywithpartofISO9001:
2000Clause4.1.
如果用以上的审核技术,发现记录的不足或不足以证明过程已分析、监视、测量、改进,这会成为ISO9001:
2000条款4.1的不符合项。
4.Theauditee/auditorconsidersthateachclauseorsub-clauseofISO9001:
2000
mustbedefinedasaseparateprocess
受审核方和审核员认为ISO9001:
2000的每个条款须定义为一个独立的过程
Iftheauditorconsidersthisastherightapproach,heshouldrefertorelevantISOdocuments,(notablytheISO/TC176/SC2documentN544ISO9000IntroductionandSupportPackage:
GuidanceontheConceptandUseoftheProcessApproach)whichclearlyindicatesthecontrary.Iftheauditeeconsidersthisastherightapproach,itisrecommendedthatthetechniquesoutlinedinsection2(above)shouldbeused.
如果审核员认为这是正确的方法,他应参考ISO文件(ISO/TC176/SC2文件N544ISO9000介绍和支持文件包:
过程方法的使用和概念指南),规定正好相反。
如果受审核方认为这是正确的方法,建议其使用第2节的技术。
5.Istheprocessapproachasdescribedinthe'Introduction'toISO9001:
2000arequirementofthestandard?
过程方法是ISO9001:
2000标准前言的一项要求吗?
Thedescriptionoftheprocessapproachinthe'Introduction'toISO9001:
2000ispurelyinformativeandnotasetofadditionalrequirements.
ISO9001:
2000前言描述的过