character analysis in uncle toms cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中主要人物的浅析论文大学毕设论文.docx

character analysis in uncle toms cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中主要人物的浅析论文大学毕设论文.docx

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characteranalysisinuncletomscabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中主要人物的浅析论文大学毕设论文

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中主要人物的浅析

[Abstract]TheBibleinfluenceswesternlifeandculturedeeply.Mrs.Stowe（1811—1896）----theauthorofNovelUncleTom’sCabinisalsoinfluencedbyit.OnthebasisofBible,theauthorattemptstoanalyzethebackgroundsoftimesandthepurposesshecomposesit,andanalyzeseveralcharacters,suchasUncleTom,LittleEva,Elizaandsomepiouschristianmothers.WiththeanalysisofthesepersonsandthecomparisonwiththecharactersinBibletorevealthechristianityinthisnovel.Atlast,theauthorexploresMrs.Stowe’ssolutiontoinstitutionofslaveryandtheresults.However,inhertimes,hernon—resistantpolicytotoppletheslaveryfailscompletely.

[Keywords]Bible;christianity;personalcharacter

[摘要]《圣经》对西方生活及文化的影响至深，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的作者斯陀夫人也深受其影响。

本文以《圣经》原形以及基督教义精神为基础，先试图分析斯陀夫人所处的时代背景及她创作这部小说的意图，再分析小说中的几类人物形象，如汤姆叔叔、小伊娃、及几位虔诚的基督教徒母亲。

通过对这些人物特点的分析,以及所表现的基督精神，揭示这部小说中强烈的宗教理念。

[关键词]圣经;基督教;人物特点

1Introduction

1.1Background

GreekcultureandHebrewculturehavegreatinfluenceonwesternculture.InHebrewculture,thereisabooknamedBible,whichisanimportantliteracyworkintheworld.Itisdividedintotwoparts:

theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.ItincludestheessenceofHebrewculture.Duringtheeleventhcentury,Hebrewpeoplebecomeprosperousanddominatedalargearea.Atthesame,theyspreadtheirculture,soChristianitybecomesapowerfulandinfluentialreligionduring.ManyfamousartistsandwritersadaptedthestoriesinBibletocomposetheimmortalworks.

HarrietBeecherStowe（1811---1896）,anineteenthcenturyAmericanfemalewriter,wasalsoinfluencedbythebook.Stowewasbornintoarespectablefamilythatwastobecomefamous:

herfatherLymanwasaclergymanwhowasfamousforsupportingabolitionism,andeverheldthepostofdirectorofLaneSeminary,Cincinnati,Ohio.HerhusbandCalvinEllisStowewasoneoftheleadingprofessorsintheseminary.Twoofherbrothers,HenryWardandEdward,werecelebratedpreachers.Andheroldersister—Catherine,sheisthepioneerinWomen’seducation.Thefamilywereallopposingtoraisingslavesandtheywereallfamousabolitionists

ComingfromafamilywithgoodChristiantradition,shewasdeeplyinfluencedbyChristianityandbecameapiousChristian.Asherfamilywereallopposingtoraisingslaves,shewasinfluencedbythemandheldtheanti-slaverybelief.Shestoodupforthebeliefthatslaveryshouldbeabolished.Mrs.Stowebelievedandlovedreligionandpaysattentiontotheproblemsofsocietyandmorality.InfluencedbyChristianity,sheheldthebeliefthateachmanisborntobeequalandshouldenjoyfreedom,soshewasstronglyagainstslavery,whichbetrayedtheideasinChristianity.InChristianity,peopleareequalinsoulandshouldenjoyfreedom.Sheoftentriedtodosomethingaboutchangingtheconditionsofslaves.Tolearnmoredetailsaboutslavery,sheevenwenttotheSouthtoseethemiserableconditionsofslaveswithherowneyes.Especiallywhentheenactmentofthe“FugitiveSlaveAct”（Thatallowedownerstopursueandrecovertheir“property”infreestates）in1850.Mrs.Stowewasinfuriatedandinfluencedbytheinnumerableanti-slaveryeventsandpersons.InfluencedbytheideainChristianitythatpeopleareequalinsoulandshouldenjoyfreedomandthebeliefthatslaveryshouldbeabolished,shedecidedtocomposeanoveltolashtheslavery.TheblendingofpiousbeliefinChristianityandabolishingslaveryresultedinUncleTom’sCabin.

1.2Thesummaryofnovel

TomwasaslaveofMr.ShelbywhowasaslaveholderinKentucky,hesincerelybelievedinChristianity.OnceMr.Shelbywasencumberedbydebt,hedecidedtosellTomandanotherfemaleslaveandherson.Knowingthenews,ElizaandhersonranawayimmediatelybutTomwouldstaytobesoldtoHaley－aslaver.Asaresult,hewassoldtoNewOrleansbyHaley.　

OnboardtheboatboundforNewOrleans,TomsavedthelifeofyoungEva.St.Clare,Eva’sfather,purchasedTomwithgratitude.InSt.Clare’shome,Tomlivedahappylifefortwoyears.Evaandhebecamegoodfriends.ButafterEvaandherfather’sdeath,Tom’sfatewaschangedagain.HewassentbyEva’smothertoanauctionmarkettosell.TomwasboughtbyaslaveholdernamedLegree.Legreewascrueltoslavesandaddictedtoalcohol.Atlast,whenTomprotectedtwofemaleslavesfrombeingcaptured,hewasbeatentodeathviciouslybyLegree.Whenhewasdying,hisformermaster’sson－GeorgeShelbygottheplantationandboughtTom’sbodywithhugewealth.

Atthesametime,Elizaandhersonmetherhusband－GeorgeHarris,whodisguisedhimselfasaSpaniardandbroughtagunwithhimself.HeshotaslaveronhiswaytoCanada.Atlast,heandhisfamilygottogetherintheCanada----afreecountry.

2.CharacterAnalysis

Mrs.Stoweportraysseveralvividcharacterswithdistinctivetemperament.Amongthem,therearethewhiteandtheblack,thenoblesandtheslaves,thekindandthecruel.Inherdescriptionofallthesecharacters,wecanlearnthatMrs.Stoweadvocatesthatpeopleareequalandisagainstracialdiscrimination.SomepeoplethinkthatthedarkskinofAfricanslavesexternallyrepresentsnegativequalitiessuchasevilorheathenism.However,Mrs.Stoweviewedslavesthatevokethesepresumptionsactuallycontraststheirinternalstrengthandspirituality.Infact,blackmenarebetterthansomewhiteslaveholderswhohaveintentionalpurposes.

Mrs.StoweherselfisdeeplyinfluencedbyChristianity;sheheldthebeliefthatpeopleareborntobeequalandshouldenjoyfreedom.SothemaincharacterssheportrayedinUncleTom’sCabinareallChristianstodifferentextent.ThispartofthepaperdealswiththeanalysisofperfectChristian,non-perfectChristianandhalf-ChristianinUncleTom’sCabin.Fromtheanalysis,wecangetabetterideaonhowChristianityisreflectedinthenovel.

2.1Tom

UncleTomisanoldslaveandtheprotagonistofthenovel.Histwomostprevalentqualitiesarehisinherentgoodnessandpiety.HeisapiousChristianandresemblesJesusinmanyaspects.HeconsistentlyforgivesthewrongscommittedagainsthimandturnstoGodintimeofcrisis.

Mrs.StoweisverysuccessfulinportrayingTomasaChristianfigure.Let’scompareTomtoJesusinBible.

Tom’sexperienceisquitesimilartothatofJesusChrist.First,TomandJesusareallsoldbythemantheyarefamiliarwith.Jesusisbetrayedbyhisdisciple－Judas，whohasthegreedforthemoney;andTomissoldbyhismaster－ArthurShelby,whoalsoneedsmoneytorepaydebtswhenhesuffersthefinancialdifficulties.Second,bothTomandJesushavestrongfaithinGodandnevergiveupunderpressure.WhenJesusisnearhisdeath,thesoldiersareallspeakingsarcasticallyandcryingtohim,theyshouted,“Hail,kingoftheJesus!

”Andstruckhimontheface,however,theGovernorwouldnotarrestJesus,buthehasnochoicebuttohaveJesuscrucified.WhenJesusknowshewilldie,hedoesnotcomplainonlytopraytotheGod.Tomisinthesimilarsituation,AtLegree’smanor,Tomisnotwillingtosellouthisfriends,sohemeetsthebrutaltreatment.HedosenotgiveupandcontinuespreachingtoQimboandSambo.Hesaid,“IntothyhandsIcommendmyspirit!

Thouhastredeemedme,OhLordGodoftruth!

”EvenifQimboandSambobeatTomalmosttodeath,hestillforgavethemandprayedforthem.Tom’prayerisansweredandhiskindheartednessmovesLegree’stwooverseers----QimboandSamboandtheywouldnotwanttohurtTomanymore,butLegreewillnotbesatisfieduntilheseesTom’sdeath.AlthoughTomwasbeatenalmosttodeath,hedeterminedtosaynothing.WhenthunderedLegreestruckhimfuriously,Tomanswered,“Iknow,Mas’t,butIcan’ttellanything.Icandie!

”However,Legreecouldn’tunderstandhim.ThenTomlookeduptohismaster,andanswered,“Mas’r,ifyouwassick,orintrouble,ordying,andIcouldsaveye,I’dgiveyemyheart’sblood;and,iftakingeverysoul,I’dgive’emfreely,astheLordgavehisforme.O,Mas’r!

don’tbringthisgreatsinonyoursoul!

Itwillhurtyoumorethan‘twillme!

Dotheworstyoucan,mytroubles’llbeoversoon;but,ifyedon’trepent,yourswon’tneverend!

”Atlast,onewhobelievesJesusisMessiahandissavedattheverymomentandspot.Third,TomandJesusareallredeemedbythepersonwhoesteemsthem.JosephofArimathaea,asecretapostleofhim,redeemsJesus.HetookthebodyofJesusandwrappedit,withthespices,instripsoflinenclothaccordingtoJewishburial—customs.Tomisrescuedbyhisformermaster’sson----GeorgeShelby.HelovesTomforhisfaith,sohevowstofindTomwhenheissold.However,whenhefoundTom,Tomwasdyinganddiedsoon.BearinggreatrespectandsadnessforTom,GeorgetookTom’sbodyawayanddecidedtoburyitdecently.Moreimportant,Tom’stemperamentisquitethesameasJesus.WhenJesusseespeoplewhosin,hepitiesthem,helpsthem,tellsthemandcuresthem.Hisheartcanforgiveanyone,anything.Hebringsthegospeltopeople.TomisobviouslyaChristfigurewithblackskin.Heisfullofloveforhisneighbors,boththeblackandwhite.HealsoservesasaChristianleaderfortheotherslaversinthenovel.InShelby’shouse,UncleTomisasortofpatriarchinreligiousmattersintheneighborhood.Having,naturally,anorganizationinwhichthemoraleisstronglypredominant,togetherwithagreaterbreadthandcultivationofmindthanhiscompanions,heislookedup,asasortofministeramongthem;andthesimple,hearty,sincerestyleofhisexhortationsmighthaveedifiedevenbettereducatedpersons.Butitwasinprayerthatheespeciallyexcelled.InthelanguageofapiousoldNegro,h