常用解剖术语.docx

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常用解剖术语.docx

常用解剖术语

1、总论[Introduction]

  superior[上]

  inferior[下]

  Cranial[头侧]

  Caudal[尾侧]

  anterior[前]

  posterior[后]

  ventral[腹侧]

  dorsal[背侧]

  medial[内侧]

  lateral[外侧]

  internal[内]

  external[外]

  superficial[浅]

  profundal[深]

  proximal[近侧]

  distal[远侧]

  ulnar[尺侧]

  radial[桡侧]

  tibial[胫侧]

  fibular[腓侧]

  2、运动系统[locomotor(kinetic)system]

  vertebrae[椎骨]

  cervicalvevtebrae[颈椎]

  thoracicvertebrae[胸椎]

  lumbarvertebrae[腰椎]

  sacrum[骶骨]

  sternum[胸骨]

  rib[肋骨]

  thoraciccage[胸廓]

  skull[颅]

  frontalbone[额骨]

  parietalbone[顶骨]

  occipitalbone[枕骨]

  temporalbone[颞骨]

  sphenoidbone[蝶骨]

  ethmoidbone[筛骨]

  mandible(submaxilla)[下颌骨]

  maxilla(supermaxilla)[上颌骨]

  nasalbone[鼻骨]

  coronal(sagital,lambdoid)suture[冠状(矢状,人字)缝]

  orbit[眶]

  clavicle[锁骨]

  scapula(shoulderblade)[肩胛骨]

  sternum(breastbone)[胸骨]

  manubriumsterni(presternum)[胸骨柄]

  midsternum[胸骨体]

  xiphoid[剑突]

  humerus[肱骨]

  radius[桡骨]

  ulna[尺骨]

  carpalbone[腕骨]

  metacarpalbone[掌骨]

  phalanges[指(趾)骨]

  hipbone[髋骨]

  ilium[髂骨]

  ischium[坐骨]

  pubis[耻骨]

  femur[股骨]

  patella[髌骨]

  tibia[胫骨]

  fibula[腓骨]

  articulation[关节]

  ligament[韧带]

  flexion[屈]

  extension[伸]

  adduction[收]

  abduction[展]

  medialrotation[旋内]

  lateralrotation[旋外]

  pronation[旋前]

  supination[旋后]

  circumductoin[环转]

  vertebralcolumn[脊柱]

  intervertebraldisc[椎间盘]

  temporal-mandibularjoint[颞下颌关节]

  shoulderjoint[肩关节]

  elbowjoint[肘关节]

  radiocarpaljoint[肩关节]

  radiocarpaljoint[桡腕关节]

  pelvis[骨盆]

  hipjoint[髋关节]

  kneejoint[膝关节]

  anklejoint[踝关节]

  muscle[肌肉]

  tendon[肌腱]

  fascia[筋膜]

  tendinoussheath[腱鞘]

  trapezius[斜方肌]

  latissimusdorsi[背阔肌]

  sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的]

  scalenus[斜角肌]

  pectoralismajor[胸大肌]

  intercostales[肋间肌]

  diaphragm[膈肌]

  inguinalcanal[腹股沟管]

  masseter[咬肌]

  temporalis[颞肌]

  deltoid[三角肌]

  bicepsbrachii[肱二头肌]

  tricepsbrachii[肱三头肌]

  axillaryfossa[腑窝]

  gluteusmaximus[臀大肌]

  piriformis[梨状肌]

  sartorius[缝匠肌]

  quadricepsfemoris[股四头肌]

  tricepssurae[小腿三头肌]

  femoraltriangle[股三角]

  3、内脏[Viscera]

  viscera[内脏]

  oralcavity[口腔]

  lip[唇]

  cheek[颊]

  palate[腭]

  tooth[牙]

  dentes[牙]

  tongue[舌]

  parotidgland[腮腺]

  pharynx[咽]

  esophagus[食管]

  stomachgaster[胃]

  duodenum[十二指肠]

  jejunum[空肠]

  ileum[回肠]

  largeintestine[大肠]

  caecum[盲肠]

  vermiform(appendix)[阑尾]

  colon[结肠]

  rectum[直肠]

  analcanal[肛管]

  dentateline[齿状线]

  anus[肛门]

  liver(hepar)[肝]

  portahepatis[肝门]

  gallblader[胆囊]

  pancreas[胰]

  nose[鼻]

  nasalcavity[鼻腔]

  paranasalsinus[鼻旁窦]

  larynx[喉]

  laryngealcavity[喉腔]

  vocalcord[声带]

  trachea[气管]

  bronchi[支气管]

  lung[肺]

  pulmonary[肺的]

  pleura[胸膜]

  mediastinum[纵隔]

  kidney[肾]

  renalpilvis[肾盂]

  ureter[输尿管]

  urinarybladder[膀胱]

  urethra[尿道]

  testis[睾丸]

  epididymis[附睾]

  ductusdeferens[输精管]

  spermaticcord[精索]

  prostate[前列腺]

  scrotum[阴囊]

  penis[阴茎]

  ovary[卵巢]

  uterinetube[输卵管]

  uterus[子宫]

  vagina[阴道]

  clitoris[阴蒂]

  mamma(breast)[乳房]

  mammarypapilla(nipple)[乳头]

  perineum[会阴]

  pelvicdiaphragm[盆膈]

  peritoneum[腹膜]

  omentum[网膜]

  4、心血管系统[Cardiovascularsystem]

  heart[心]

  artery[动脉]

  vein[静脉]

  capillary[毛细血管]

  atrium[心房]

  ventricle[心室]

  tricuspidvalve[三尖瓣]

  bicuspidvalve[二尖瓣]

  aorticvalve[主动脉瓣]

  pulmonaryvalve[肺动脉瓣]

  sinuatrialnode[窦房结]

  atrioventricularnode[房室结]

  atrioventricularbundle[房室束]

  right/leftbundlebranch[右/左束支]

  coronaryartery[冠状动脉]

  coronarysinus[冠状窦]

  pericardium[心包]

  aorta[主动脉]

  innominateartery[无名动脉(头臂干)]

  commoncarotidartery[颈总动脉]

  carotidsinus[颈动脉窦]

  internal(external)carotidartery[颈内(外)动脉]

  facialartery[面动脉]

  subclavianartery[锁骨下动脉]

  mesentericartery[肠系膜动脉]

  commoniliacartery[髂总动脉]

  poplitealartery[腘动脉]

  venacava[腔静脉]

  internaljugularvein[颈内静脉]

  cephalicvein[头静脉]

  basilicvein[贵要静脉]

  saphenousvein[隐静脉]

  lymphaticduct[淋巴导管]

  thoracicduct[胸导管]

  lymphnode[淋巴结]

  spleen[脾]

  thymus[胸腺]

  5、感觉器[senseorgans]

  sensoryorgan[感觉器]

  receptor[感受器]

  visualorgan[视器]

  eyeball[眼球]

  cornea[角膜]

  sclera[巩膜]

  choroid[脉络膜]

  ciliarybody[睫状体]

  iris[虹膜]

  retina[视网膜]

  opticdisc[视神经盘]

  maculalutea[黄斑]

  aqueoushumor[房水]

  lens[晶状体]

  vitreousbody[玻璃体]

  eyelid[眼睑]

  conjunctiva[结膜]

  lacrimalgland[泪腺]

  vestibulocochlearorgan[前庭蜗器]

  ear(auris)[耳]

  auricle[耳廓]

  acousticmeatus[耳道]

  tympaniccavity[鼓室]

  tympanicmembrane[鼓膜]

  pharyngotympanictube[咽鼓管]

  bony(membranous)labyrinth[骨(膜)迷路]

  vestibule[前庭]

  semicircularcanal[半规管]

  cochlea[耳蜗]

  cochlearduct[蜗管]

  olfactoryorgan[嗅器]

  gustatoryorgan[味器]

  tastebud[味蕾]

  skin[皮肤]

  6、神经系统[Nervoussystem]

  centralnervoussystem[中枢神经系统]

  peripheralnervoussystem[周围神经系统]

  visceralnerve[内脏神经医学教.育网搜集]

  afferentnerve[传入神经]

  efferentnerve[传出神经]

  neuron[神经元]

  axon[轴突]

  dendrite[树突]

  glia[神经胶质]

  graymatter[灰质]

  whitematter[白质]

  cortex[皮质]

  madulla[髓质]

  nucleus[神经质]

  ganglion[神经节]

  fasciculus[神经束]

  nerve[神经]

  spinalnerve[脊神经]

  cervicalplexus[颈丛]

  brachialplexus[臂丛]

  lumbarplexus[腰丛]

  sacralplexus[骶丛]

  phrenicnerve[膈神经]

  mediannerve[正中神经]

  ulnarnerve[尺神经]

  radialnerve[桡神经]

  femoralnerve[股神经]

  ischiaticnerve[坐骨神经]

  commonperonealnerve[腓总神经]

  cranialnerve[颅(脑)神经]

  olfactorynerve[嗅神经]

  opticnerve[视神经]

  oculomotornerve[动眼神经]

  trochlearnerve[滑车神经]

  trigeminalverve[三叉神经]

  abducentnerve[展神经]

  facialnerve[面神经]

  vestibulocochlearnerve[前庭蜗神经]

  glossopharyngealnerve[舌咽神经]

  vagusnerve[迷走神经]

  accessarynerve[副神经]

  hypoglossalnerve[舌下神经]

  autonomicnervoussystem[自主神经]

  vegetativenervoussystem[植物神经]

  sympatheticnerve[交感神经]

  parasympatheticnerve[副交感神经]

  spinalcord[脊髓]

  encephalon(brain)[脑]

  brainstem[脑干]

  medullaoblongata[延髓]

  pons[脑桥]

  mesencephalon[中脑]

  midbrain[中脑]

  cerebellum[小脑]

  diencephalon[间脑]

  thalamus[丘脑]

  hypothalamus[下丘脑]

  hypophysis[垂体]

  telencephalon[端脑]

  cerebrum[大脑]

  cerebralcortex[大脑皮质]

  corpusstriatum[纹状体]

  internalcapsule[内囊]

  spinothalamictract[皮质脊髓束]

  mediallemniscus[内侧丘系]

  laterallemniscus[外侧丘系]

  spinallemniscus[脊髓丘系]

  trigeminallemniscus[三叉丘系]

  7、体表标记[Anatomicmarks]

  naso-labialgroove[鼻唇沟]

  suprasternalfossa[胸骨上窝]

  supraclavicularfossa[锁骨上窝]

  infraclavicularfossa[锁骨下窝]

  armpit(axillaryfossa)[腋窝]

  midsternal(midian)line[胸骨中线(正中线)]

  anteriormidianline[前正中线]

  parasternalline[胸骨旁线]

  midclavicularline[锁骨中线]

  mammillary(nipple,milk)line[乳线]

  posterior(mid-,anterior)axillaryline[腋后(中,前)线]

  scapularline[肩胛线]

  midspinalline[脊柱中线]

  dorsomedianline[后正中线]

  lineaparavertebralis[脊椎旁线]

  theleft(right)upperabdomen(quadrant)[左(右)上腹]

  epigastrium[上腹部]

  themiddleabdomen[中腹部]

  thelowerabdomen[下腹部]

  lineapararectalis[腹直肌旁线]

  anteriorsuperiorspine[髂前上棘]

  symphysispubis(symphysion)[耻骨联合]

  ischialtuberosity[坐骨结节]

  groin(inguen)[腹股沟]

  poplitealfossa[腘窝]

  upperextremity(limb)[上肢]

  lowerextremity(limb)[下肢]

  posteriorsuperiorspine[髂后上嵴]

  anterior(dorsal)partofchest(前(后)胸部)

  scapularregion[肩胛区]

  anterior(posterior)fontanelle[前(后)囱]

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