on translation of englishchinese and chineseenglish idioms英汉互译中对习语翻译的探.docx

on translation of englishchinese and chineseenglish idioms英汉互译中对习语翻译的探.docx

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ontranslationofenglishchineseandchineseenglishidioms英汉互译中对习语翻译的探

OnTranslationofEnglish-ChineseandChinese-EnglishIdioms英汉互译中对习语翻译的探析

Contents

Abstract……………………………………………………………….……1KeyWords………………………………………….……………..……..…1

1.Introduction………………………………………..…………………..…2

2.GapsbetweenEnglishIdiomsandChineseIdioms………………...…2

2.1TheGapsinReligion……………………………………………..……3

2.2TheGapsinLivingCircumstances………………………………….….3

2.3TheGapsinSocialCustomandHabit………...……………………..…..3

2.4TheGapsinHistoryAllusion.…………………………………………..4

3.TheCategoriesofTranslationofIdioms.…………………………..…...4

3.1TheTranslationofCorrespondingIdioms………………………….…....4

3.1.1TheTranslationofCorrespondingIdiomsinEnglish..…...…….…...5

3.1.2TheTranslationofCorrespondingIdiomsinChinese...……..……..5

3.2TheTranslationofPartialCorrespondingIdioms.……………………...5

3.3TheTranslationofSpecificIdioms.……………...………………………6

4.TheMethodsofTranslatingIdioms.…………………….………………8

4.1LiteralTranslation.…………………………….…..…..….....….….....8

4.2LiteralTranslationswithNotes.………………………….….……..….9

4.3FreeTranslation...…………………………..…….…..…...…..……..9

4.4FreeTranslationwithNotes..………………………………………....9

4.5FreeTranslation-ReplacementswithSimilarIdioms.….……....…….10

4.6CombinationofLiteralandFreeTranslation..…...…….………............10

5.Conclusion.…………………………………...………………………….10

References……………………………...……………………….…….…….11

OnTranslationofEnglish-ChineseandChinese-EnglishIdioms

Abstract:

Idiomsarelinguisticchunksformedbytheregularphrasesandsentences.Itisaspecialandinseparablepartoflanguage.Anidiomtakesaveryimportantpartinthelanguage,whichreflectsthenationalcolorsofthenativespeakersandisconsideredasthesinewofthelanguage.Everylanguagehasitsownidioms.TherearealargenumberofidiomsexistedinbothEnglishandChinese,andtheymakethetwolanguagesmorecolorfulandbeautiful.ThisthesisisaboutthetranslationofidiomsinbothEnglishandChinese.Afterthegeneralunderstandingandintroductiontothesourceofidioms,aseriesofmethodsofidioms’translationwouldbediscussed.Thethesisisdividedintothreeparts.Firstly,itwillgivethegeneralunderstandingandintroductiontothesourceoftheidioms.Andthesourceoftheidiomswillbedividedintofourparts.Secondly,itisdiscussedthewaysoftranslationofthethreekindidiomsaccordingtotherelationshipbetweenEnglishidiomsandChineseidioms.Thirdly,severalpracticaltranslatingmethodsoftheEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomswouldbeintroducedfromthepointoftheviewofkeepingtheflavoroftheoriginalidioms.

Keywords:

Englishidioms;Chineseidioms;categories;translatingmethods

摘　要：

习语是指由固定词组和句子组成的模块。

它是语言中不可分割的一部分。

习语反映了一个国家的民族特色在语言中占有举足轻重的作用。

因此它可谓是语言的精髓和源泉。

英语和汉语中都存在着大量的习语。

这篇论文是对英汉语习语的浅析。

它首先对习语做了整体上的介绍并对其来源进行了分析。

接着从两个角度分别讨论了习语的翻译方法。

一是根据英汉语习语的关系探讨了三种习语的翻译方法。

二是从保留英语习语迎合汉语习语口味目的角度讨论了六种实用的翻译技巧。

关键词：

英语习语；汉语习语；类别；翻译技巧

1.Introduction

Idiomsarewidelyusedallovertheworld.Theyarealargenumberidiomsexistedinliteratureworksandourdailylifethatcontainspecialmeanings.Ithasbeendescribedasthequintessenceofthelanguage.Withoutidiomslanguagewouldbecomedullanddry.Sounderstandingthelanguageandthelanguagecultureplaysaveryimportantroleinthetranslationofidioms.AccordingtoTheOxfordAdvancedlearners’Dictionary,idiomsare“phraseorsentencewhosemeaningisnotobviousthroughknowledgeoftheindividualmeaningoftheconstituentwordsbut-mustbelearntasawhole”.Wecanseethecharacteristicsofidiomsthatthemeaningofanidiomisnotthecollectivemeaningofallthewordsthatformitandeachpartoftheidiomcannotbereplacedbyotherwords.OnthewholebothEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsarefixedphraseswithspecialmeaningsthatcannotbechangedinanyway.

Asmostoftheidiomsareformedorcreatedbythepeopleespeciallyduringtheirdailylife,idiomsarethecreationoftheworkingpeople’slifepracticeandexperienceinsomedegreeandcannotbechangedfreely.Wemustkeepitsoriginalform.Forexample,ifyousayonestitchintimesavesnineinsteadofastitchintimesavesnine,aforeignnativespeakerwouldfeelstrangesincethenativespeakersdonotsayEnglishthatway.Onlyweknowtheculturesofthetwolanguageswecanhaveabettertranslation.Ofcoursepeople’sdailylifeisnottheonlyonesourceoftheidioms.Therearealsosomeothers.AlargepercentoftheEnglishidiomscomefromtheliteratureworks,BibleandGreekmyths.Idioms,suchastheappleofone’seye,adropinthebucket,wolfinsheep’sclothing,pridebeforeafallandalivingdogisbetterthanadeadlionarefromBible.Shakespeare’splayandotherfamouswriters’worksareothersourcesofidioms.

Fromtheabovewecaneasilyseethatidiomshavecloserelationshipwithpeople’scommonlife,Literature,religion,ancientlegendsandfables.Asidiomshavekindsofdifferentsources,everyidiomhasitsownspecialandproudmeaning.Justforthatidiomsarewidelyusedinthewholeworld.Ifwecandowellinidiomtranslationitisveryhelpfulforustohaveabetterunderstandingofthecultureofthecountriesintheworld.

2.GapsbetweenEnglishIdiomsandChineseIdioms

JustbecauseofthesedifferencesintheculturebetweenEnglishandChinese,therearealotofdifficultiesintheprocessoftranslation.Wemustconsiderabouttheculturebackground.Fourmainpartsmustbeconsideredcarefully.

2.1TheGapsinReligion

Religionispeople’sconsciousnessaboutthenatureandsocialpowerthatcontrolthelifeofthem.Allovertheworldpeoplealwaysconsideredtheunrealimagesasthecontrolpower.Andjustthisreligionnotonlyaffectspolitic,science,artandothersocialaspectsbutalsoaffectstheculturalpsychologystructurethatinfluencespeople’sthoughtandactions.Everyreligionhasitsownbeliefthatalsoaffectspeople’slifestyleandlanguage.Buddhismisoneofthebiggestreligionsintheworld.MostChinesebelieveinBuddhism.Buddhismpraiseshighlythatalloverlivesarepainfulandallpainintheworldwilldisappear.Soyouhavenoneedtopursuitforsomething.BelievinginBuddhismanddroppingoutalldesirescangetusoutofthepainworldandreachthehappinessworld.ButmostwesternersbelieveinJesus.TheyconsidertheGodasthemasteroftheworld.JesusChrististhesonoftheGod.Jesuscomestotheworldandaimstosavehumanbeings.WecanreachheavenbypersistingbeliefinChrist.Otherwisewewillbethrownouttohell.BiblethatwaswrittenbyJesus’followersisthemostpopularbookinwesternworld.ItdescribesJesus’efforttosavehumanbeings.AsthethoughtofChristwasknownthroughoutallkindsofpeople’sdailylife,wecaneasilyfindtheword“God”.

2.2TheGapsinLivingCircumstances

Thewholeworldisrichandcolorfulnature.Theclimate,landpropertyandlivingconditionaredifferentfromonetoanother,sothecultureisalsodifferentfromtheothers.InChina“coward”isdescribedas“Afraidleavesfallingdownhithead”.Becauseleavesaresolightthateventenleaveshitonhead,thereisnothingatall.Butintheothercountry“Afraidleavesfallingdownhithead”isnotfitfordescribingacoward.Forexample,somepeasantswholiveininlandtakecareofcattleknowthatthecattlealwaystakeamountofwater.Asaresulttheyuse“牛饮”todescribesomeonewhodrinktoomuchwater.ButEnglandisanislandcountry.TheparticulargeographicalenvironmentmakesEnglishpeoplefamiliarwithfish.Theyalwaysseefishdrinkwaterwithoutstopping.Sotheydescribethosewhodrinktoomuchwater“drinkinglikeafish”.

2.3TheGapsinSocialCustomandHabit

Customandhabitareformedintheprocessofdevelopment.Theyarereflectedineveryaspectofpeople’slife.Asitisnotbasedonlaw,thecustomandhabitsofdifferentnationsshowsdifferentmethods.Inanotherword,theyaredifferentfromnationstonations.Everynationhasitsowncustomandhabit.Forexample,inChina,peopleoftenrefuseonthereasonofpolitenesswhenreceivinggifts.ButinAmericaandEngland,theyaregladtoreceivethegiftsatonceandsay“thanks”tothegivensideandpraisethegifts.Thegivensidewouldtalkaboutthegiftandask:

Doyoulikeit?

ItiscompletelydifferentwithChinese.

2.4TheGapsinHistoryAllusion

Differentsocialsystemshavedifferentculture.Fromthehistoricallusionthecultureofslavingsocietyisdifferentfromfeudalsociety,capitalsocietyandsocialistsystem.InChinese,thirtyyearsago,peoplecalled“comrade”foreachotherintheirdailylife.However,inAmericanpeoplearecalled“sir”,“madam”or“miss”,instead.InChina,peoplealwaysstressthesocialrelationshipandemphasizemoralprinciples.Theypaymuchattentiontothesocialstatus.Onthecontrary,westernerspaymuchattentiontothepersonalsuccessandindividualfreedom.Chinesepeoplewillavoidataboowordintheirname.Butwesternersneverconsiderthat.

3.TheCategoriesofTranslationofIdioms

Thetwolanguages,EnglishandChinese,belongtotwodifferentculturesindividually.EnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsarecountlessandformthecrystallizationoftworespectively.Fromtheperspectivesofthecomparisonofthetwolanguages,EnglishidiomsandChineseidiomscanbedividedintothreecategories:

thetranslationofcorrespondedidioms,thetranslationofpartialcorrespondedidiomsandthetranslationofspecificidioms.

3.1TheTranslationofCorrespondingIdioms

Manygeneralfeatureshaveexistedintheaspectofhumanitself,whichcontainthinkingways,lifestyle,cognitiveabilityandth