新编跨文化交际英语教程.docx

新编跨文化交际英语教程.docx

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新编跨文化交际英语教程

Unit2

CultureandCommunication

ReadingII

ElementsofCommunication

Comprehensionquestions

1.Whataretheaspectsofcontextmentionedabove?

Oneaspectofcontextisthephysicalsetting,includinglocation,time,light,temperature,

distancebetweencommunicators,andanyseatingarrangements.Asecondaspectofcontextis

historical.Athirdaspectofcontextispsychological.Afourthaspectofcontextisculture.

2.Inwhatwayswouldyourposture,mannerofspeakingorattirechangeifyoumovefromone

physicalsettingtoanother,forexample,fromyourhometoapark,toaclassroom,toarestaurant,

toafuneralhouse,etc?

One‘sposture,mannerofspeakingorattirechangefrombeingcasualtoformalgraduallyfrom

hometoapark,toaclassroom,toarestaurant,toafuneralhouse,etc,accordingtodifferent

formalnessandseriousnessofthesesituations.

3.Howdopeopleacquirecommunicationnormsintheirlife?

Peopleacquirecommunicationnormsfromtheirexperiencesinlife.

4.WhatexamplescanyougivetodescribesomeChinesenormsinoureverydaycommunication?

Forexample,itseemstobeanorminChinatoaddressone‘sbossbyhisorhertitleandnever

toexpressone‘sdisapprovaldirectlytohimorher.

5.Howcanweplayboththerolesofsenderandreceiverincommunication?

Assenders,weformmessagesandattempttocommunicatethemtoothersthroughverbaland

nonverbalsymbols.Asreceivers,weprocessthemessagessenttousandreacttothembothverbally

andnonverbally.

6.Doesthesenderplaysamoreimportantrolethanthereceiverincommunication?

No,theyareequallyimportantforbothofthemareessentialintheprocessofcommunication.

7.Inwhatwaysdothedifferencesbetweenparticipantsmakecommunicationmoreorlessdifficult?

Threeespeciallyimportantvariablesaffectingparticipantswhicharerelationship,gender,and

culturemakecommunicationmoreorlessdifficult.

8.Whatisasymbolandwhatisameaning?

Thepureideasandfeelingsthatexistinaperson‘smindrepresentmeanings.Thewords,

sounds,andactionsthatcommunicatemeaningareknownassymbolsbecausetheystandforthe

meaningsintendedbythepersonusingthem.

9.Howcanmeaningsbetransferredfromonepersontoanother?

Whatproblemsmayariseinthis

process?

Amessagefromonepersonisencodedintosymbolsandthendecodedintoideasandfeelingsto

anotherperson.Inthisprocessoftransformingincludenonverbalcues,whichsignificantlyaffectthe

meaningcreatedbetweentheparticipantsinacommunicationtransaction.

10.Whenareunintendedorconflictedmeaningslikelytobecreated?

Unintendedmeaningsarecreatedwhenthedecodingpersonreceivesameaningunrelatedto

whattheencoderthoughtheorshewascommunicating.Conflictingmeaningsarecreatedwhenthe

verbalsymbolsarecontradictedbythenonverbalcues.

11.Whichchannelsdoyouusuallypreferincommunication?

Why?

Ofthefivechannels,somemayprefersight.Astheoldsayinggoes,wordsarebutwind,but

seeingisbelieving.

12.Whatexamplescanyoufindtoshowthatonechannelismoreeffectivethanothersfor

transmittingcertainmessages?

Forexample,whenaskingaladyforadate,ayoungmanmaywearanimmaculatesuitand

spraysomeperfumetoshowthathehighlyvaluesthisdatewithher.Inthiscase,sightandsmellare

definitelymoreeffectivethanwordsforconveyingthatparticularmessage.

13.Whatarethethingsthatcancreatenoisesintheprocessofcommunication?

Sights,sounds,andotherstimuliintheenvironmentthatdrawpeople‘sattentionawayfrom

intendedmeaningareknownasexternalnoise.Thoughtsandfeelingsthatinterferewiththe

communicationprocessareknownasinternalnoise.Unintendedmeaningsarousedbycertainverbal

symbolscaninhibittheaccuracyofdecoding.Thisisknownassemanticnoise.

14.Whatshouldwedotoreducetheinterferenceofnoiseincommunication?

Whencommunicatingwithothers,weshouldpayundividedattentiontocommunicationitself,

avoidingbeingdistractedbyanyexternalorinternalnoise.Besides,weshouldmakesurethatwhat

wesayiscorrectlyunderstoodbyothersandviceversatopreventsemanticnoisefromgenerating.

15.Whyisfeedbackaveryimportantelementofcommunication?

Feedbackisveryimportantbecauseitservesusefulfunctionsforbothsendersandreceivers:

it

providessenderswiththeopportunitytomeasurehowtheyarecomingacross,anditprovides

receiverswiththeopportunitytoexertsomeinfluenceoverthecommunicationprocess.

16.Whatwillyouusuallydowhenyoureceivenegativefeedbackincommunication?

Open.

CaseStudy

Case5

InChina,itisoftennotpolitetoacceptafirstofferandHepingwasbeingmodest,politeand

well-behavedandhadeveryintentionofacceptingthebeeratthesec