高三高考英语三轮冲刺大题优练4 阅读理解议论文.docx

高三高考英语三轮冲刺大题优练4 阅读理解议论文.docx

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高三高考英语三轮冲刺大题优练4阅读理解议论文

【例题】Whiletheartscan’tstoptheCOVID-19virusorthesocialunrestweseeintheworldtoday,theycangiveusinsightintothechoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcrisesandchaos.Theartsinviteeveryonetothinkinnewways.

Weoftenexperienceworksofartassomethingthat'spleasingtooursenseswithoutafullunderstandingofthecreativeeffort.Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearnagreatdealfromtheirresolutions（解决）.Throughourunderstandingofart,wecangainadeeperunderstandingofhowwemightovercomeourownchallenges.Inunderstandingextremesofcontrast,wecanseethebeautyinartwiththemesthatarenotsimplypleasingfortheirmagnificentfeaturesorqualities.

Beethovenoffersawonderfulexampleofmovingartfullythroughcrisesandchaos.HecomposedhisSymphonyNo.9ashishearinglossbecamemoreandmorepronounced.Theopeningofthesymphonyseemstocomeoutofnowhere,fromnearsilenceintheopeningtoafullexpressionofwhatmanyconsidertobethejoyoffreedomanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdetojoy（欢乐颂）.Beethovenappearstohavecreatedaworkofartthatnotonlyfreedhimfromhispersonalstruggles,butonethatalsospeakstothejoyoflivingtogetherinpeaceandharmony.

Haveadialoguebetweenthetwoopposingpartsandyouwillfindthattheyalwaysstartoutfightingeachotheruntilwecometoanappreciationofdifference—aonenessofthetwoopposingforces.Theartsoffermanylessonsthatcanhelpusgaintheknowledgeweneedtomovemoreconfidentlyintoday’scompetitiveanduncertainenvironment.Anopennesstoarts-basedsolutionswillgiveyoumorecontroloveryourfuture.

1．Whatvaluedoesarthavebeyondpleasingpeople'ssenses?

A．Itbringspeopleinnerpeace.

B．Itcontributestoproblem-solving.

C．Itreducesthepossibilityofcrises.

D．Itdeepensunderstandingofmusic.

2．WhatcanwelearnaboutBeethoven'sSymphonyNo.9?

A．Itcelebratesfreedomandunity.

B．Itaimstoshowcrisesandchaos.

C．ItopenswithSchiller'sOdetoJoy.

D．Itisunfinishedduetohishearingloss.

3．Whatistheauthor'ssuggestionondealingwithconflictingforces?

A．Leavingthingsastheyare.

B．Makingachoicebetweenthem.

C．Separatingthemfromeachother.

D．Engagingtheminaconversation.

4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．HowCOVID-19changesart

B．EssentialsofSymphonyNo.9

C．Movingartfullythroughcrises

D．JoyintheeyesofBeethoven

【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。

文章主要介绍了在疫情影响下的世界背景中，艺术为我们提供了应对危机和冲突的创造性思路。

1．细节理解题。

根据文章第二段第二句Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearnagreatdealfromtheirresolutions.（伟大的艺术作品向我们展示冲突与危机，我们能从它们的解决中获得启示。

）可知，理解艺术有助于现实中问题的解决。

故选B。

2．细节理解题。

根据文章第三段第三句Theopeningofthesymphonyseemstocomeoutofnowhere,fromnearsilenceintheopeningtoafullexpressionofwhatmanyconsidertobethejoyoffreedomanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdetojoy.（这首交响曲的开头似乎毫无来由，从几乎寂静的开头，许多人认为是对自由的喜悦和全世界兄弟般情谊的《欢乐颂》的充分表达。

）可知，贝多芬的第九交响曲歌颂的主题是自由与团结。

故选A。

3．推理判断题。

根据文章第四段第一句Haveadialoguebetweenthetwoopposingpartsandyouwillfindthattheyalwaysstartoutfightingeachotheruntilwecometoanappreciationofdifference—aonenessofthetwoopposingforces.（如果你让对立的这两个部分进行对话，你就会发现它们总是从一开始就互相争斗，直到我们对它们之间的差异有了一个正确的认识——这两个对立的力量是一体的。

）可推断，作者对于处理冲突各方的建议是让各方进行对话、交流。

故选D。

4．主旨大意题。

根据第一段Whiletheartscan'tstoptheCOVID-19virusorthesocialunrestweseeintheworldtoday,theycangiveusinsightintothechoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcrisesandchaos.Theartsinviteeveryonetothinkinnewways.（虽然艺术无法阻止COVID-19病毒或我们今天在世界上看到的社会动荡，但它们可以让我们了解我们在应对危机和混乱时所做的选择。

艺术邀请每个人以新的方式思考。

）结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是理解艺术对于应对现实危机与冲突的启示。

所以“Movingartfullythroughcrises（艺术地通过危机）”作为文章标题最为合适。

故选C。

（一）

I’verecentlyfoundmyselfwonderingifIcoulddowithoutGoogleMaps.Itis,Ithink,theonlyapponmyphoneI’dreallymisswereItoswapmysmartphonefora“dumb”onethathandlesonlycallsandtextmessages.

WhyamIthinkingaboutthis?

It’sbecauseeverytimeItrytoreadabook,Ienduppickingupmyphoneinstead.IkeepinterruptingmyowntrainofthoughtinordertodosomethingthatIdon’tconsciouslywanttodo.

Thisisnotaccidental.Developershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphones.Someofthemspeakinthelanguageofaddictionandbehaviouralpsychology,thoughmostprefertheterm“persuasivetech”.Initself,persuasivetechisnotanewidea—anacademicnamedBJFogghasbeenrunningclassesfroma“persuasivetechlab”atStanfordsincethelate1990s.Butassmartphoneownershiphasrocketedandsocial-mediasiteshavebeenborn,persuasivetechhasvastlyexpandeditsreach.

Onecompany,DopamineLabs—namedforthechemicalreleasedintherewardcenterofthebrain—offersaservicetotechbusinesseswantingto“keepusersengaged”.FounderRamsayBrowntellsmehewantspeopletounderstandthat“theirthoughtsandfeelingsareonthetableasthingsthatcanbecontrolledanddesigned”.Hethinksthereshouldbemoreconversationaroundthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingused.“Webelieveeveryonehasarighttocognitiveliberty,andtobuildthekindofmindtheywanttolivein,”hesays.

TheposterchildoftheresistancemovementagainstaddictiveappsisformerGoogle“designethicist”TristanHarris.Hethinksthepowertochangethesystemliesnotwithappdevelopersbutwiththehardwareproviders.In2014,Harrisfounded“TimeWellSpent”,agroupthatcampaignsformoremoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopers.

Anytechbusinessthatreliesonadvertisingprofitsismotivatedtoholditsusersonlineforaslongaspossible,Harrissays.Thismeansappsarespecificallydesignedtokeepusinthem.Apple,ontheotherhand,wantstosellphonesbutdoesn’thaveaprofitstreamsotightlyconnectedtotheamountoftimeitscustomersspendonline.HarrishopesthatcompanieslikeApplecouldusetheirinfluencetoencouragemoremorallydesignedapps.

WhileIwaitforAppletosortthisout,Ifindmyselflongingforsomethingcalleda“LightPhone”,acredit-card-sizedhandsetthatdoesabsolutelynothingbutmakeandreceivecalls.Pricetag?

$150.Seemsexpensive.Butthecompany’swebsiteisverypersuasive.

5．Accordingtotheauthor,whatmakesussogluedtooursmartphones？

A．People'sinbornbehaviours.B．Appdevelopers’intention

C．User-friendlyappsD．Hardwareproviders

6．WhatdoesDopamineLabs'sfounderbelieve?

A．Techbusinesseshavegonetoofarincontrollingusers’minds

B．Persuasivetechnologiesaredangeroustousers’cognitiveliberty.

C．Thepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesdeservesmoreattention

D．Everyonecanlivethelifetheydesirebyusingpersuasivetechnologies.

7．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedwords“Theposterchild”inparagraph5?

A．TheadvertiserB．Theadvocate

C．TheopponentD．Thefounder

8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．Dowehavearighttocognitiveliberty?

B．Whathavepersuasivetechdonetous?

C．Whyadumbphoneisasmartmove?

D．Howsmartphonesshapeourminds?

（二）

Wehavetomakecertainourlimitedmoneyiswellspent.Butwhatshouldwespendourmoneyon?

A20-yearstudyconductedbyDr.Gilovich,aprofessoratCormellUniversity,reachedapowerfulandstraightforwardconclusion:

don'tspendyourmoneyonthings.

Thetroublewiththingsisthatthehappinesstheyprovidepetersout.Wegetusedtonewpossessions,andwhatonceseemedexcitingquicklybecomesthenorm.Wekeepraisingthebarandalwayslookforanevenbetterone.Possessions,bytheirnature,causecomparisons.Webuyanewcarandarethrilledwithituntilafriendbuysabetterone—andthere'salwayssomeonewithabetterone.Mostofususuallyassumethatthehappinesswegetfrombuyingsomethingwilllastaslongasthethingitself.Itseemsintuitive（直觉的）thatinvestinginsomethingwecansee,hear,andtouchonapermanentbasisdeliversthebestvalue.Butit'snotthecaseatall.

Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesbecomeapartofouridentity.Everyone'sexperienceisunique.Wearenotourpossessions,butwearetheaccumulationofeverythingwe'veseen,thethingswe'vedone,andtheplaceswe'vebeento.“Ourexperiencesareabiggerpartofourselvesthanourmaterialgoods,”saidGilovich.“Youcanreallylikeyourmaterialstuff.Youcaneventhinkthatpartofyouridentityisconnectedtothosethings,buttheyremainseparatefromyou.Incontrast,yourexperiencesreallyarepartofyou.Wearethesumtotalofourexperiences.”

Besides,wedon'tcompareexperiencesinthesamewaythatwecomparethings.It'shardtoquantifytherelativevalueofanytwoexperiences,whichmakesthemthatmuchmoreenjoyable.Andexpectationofanexperiencecausesexcitementandenjoyment,whileexpectationofobtainingapossessioncausesimpatience.Experiencesareenjoyablefromtheveryfirstmomentsofplanning,allthewaythroughtothememoriesyoukeepforever.Thetemporaryhappinessachievedbybuyingthingscanberegardedas“puddles（水坑）ofpleasure.”Inotherwords,thatkindofhappinessevaporates（蒸发）quicklyandleavesuswantingmore.Thingsmaylastlongerthanexperiences,butthememoriesthatremainarewhatmattermost.

9．Theunderlinedphrase“petersout”canbereplacedby_________________.

A．diesawayB．istoolittleC．isnotrealD．coststoomuch

10．WhatdoesGilovichthinkofexperiences?

A．Experiencesdeliverless-lastinghappinessthanthings.

B．Experiencescanexistinourmemoryforever.

C．Ourexperiencestakeupallpartsofourselves.

D．Ourexperiencesarewhatseparateusfromothe