英国浮动抵押制度的研究外文翻译.docx
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英国浮动抵押制度的研究外文翻译
Britishfloatingmortgagesystemresearch
ReaganBecker
Perfectionofsecuritiessystemsisveryimportantineachlegalsystembecausesecurityistheoilandengineofthedevelopmentofeconomyandthereisacloserelationshipbetweenthem.Althoughthelawofsecurityhasbeenpassedinourcountry,thereremainsmanyproblemssuchassimplicityofthetypesanddefectsofeachkindofsecuritywhichcannotmeettheneedsofraisingmoneyforenterprises.Therearefivekindsofsecuritydevices,namelyguarantee,mortgage,pledge,lienanddeposit.Astoguarantee,creditorssuchasbanksdorarelyemployitforitisweaknessasaresultofasecuritybycredit.Astomortgage,itisvoidifnotberegisteredsotheambitofinvalidityofsecurityisincreasedandthepartiesdonotliketouseit.Moreover,theapplicationofmortgageislargelyreducedbythatfutureassetsdonotbeincludedinitssubjectmatter.Inaddition,theuseandflewofassetsisgreatlyeffectedbythepermissionofcreditortodisposetheassets.Astopledge,theefficiencyofassetsislimitedbythepossessionofpledgeeandthatthepledgorhasnotrighttodisposetheassets.Astolien,itonlyappliestoafewcasessoitisnotatypicalsecurity.Astodeposit,itisnotrelatedtoraisemoney.Soitisverycrucialtodosomeresearchonotherlegalsystems.ThefloatingchargecalledoneofthemostsubtlecreationsofequityisagoodsubjectforresearchtoscholarsofcontinentallawanditisacommonwayforenterprisesoftheU.K.toborrowmoney.Thefloatingchargecanbecreatedinallcurrentandfutureassetsoftheenterprisestosecurethedebenture.Thefloatingchargemeetsverywelltheneedsofcreditorsanddebtorsbecauseitensurestheneedsofsecurityofcreditorsanditentitlestherighttodebtorstodealwiththeassetsofsecurity.Wheretheprovisionsprovidedinthedebenturehavebeenbreached,thecreditorcanappointreceivertoexecutethesecurity.
Astothedefinition,therearethreemethodsforjudgestodefinethefloatingcharge,includingmethodofdescription,methodofcomparisonandmethodofrequirements.MacnaghtenL.Jsaid:
afloatingcharge,ontheotherhand,isambulatoryandshiftinginitsnature,hoveringoverandsotospeakfloatingwiththepropertywhichitisintendedtoaffectuntilsomeeventoccursorsomeactisdonewhichcauseittosettleandfastenonthesubjectofthechargewithinitsreachandgrasp.BuckleyL.Jsaid:
afloatingsecurityisnotafuturesecurity;itisapresentsecuritywhichpresentlyaffectsalltheassetsofthecompanyexpressedtobeincludedinitwafloatingsecurityisnotaspecificmortgageoftheassets,plusalicensetothemortgagortodisposeoftheminthecomprisedinthesecuritywRomerL.Jsaid:
ifachargehasthethreecharacteristicsthatIamabouttomentionitisafloatingcharge.Ifitisachargeonaclassofassetsofacompanypresentandfuture;ifthatclassisonewhich,intheordinarycourseofthebusinessofthecompany,wouldbechangingfromtimetotime;andifyoufindthatbythechargeitiscontemplatedthat,untilsomefurtherstepistakenbyorbehalfofthoseinterestedinthecharge,thecompanymaycarryonitsbusinessintheordinarywayasfarasconcernstheparticularclassofassetsIamdealingwith.Althoughthefloatingchargehasmanyadvantages,forexample,tomeettheneedsofchargeeandchargor,toraisemoney,todecreasethelimitationofimprovingefficiencyofeconomycausedbyusingsecurityandtorescuethecompany,itsstrengthischallengedbysomescholars.Astothegenesisofthefloatingcharge,itisacreationofthelawyersandthepartieswhowanttoborrowmoneyasaresultofthelackofadequatetypesofsecurityforthemtoemploy.Thesecurityinfutureassetscreatedbythelawyerscannotbeadmittedbythecommonlaw,however,withtheinterventionofequity,togetherwiththeadmissionofsomecompaniesincorporatedbyparliamentlawtoenjoyestablishedbyovercomingsometheorydifficulties.Comparingwiththeordinarycharges,theholderofthefloatingchargehasrighttodealwiththeassetssubjectedtoofthefloatingchargeintheordinarycourseofbusiness.Whatarethereasonsoftherightisveryimportanttothetheoreticalbasis.Throughoutthecasesconcerningfloatingchargeshaverunthethreadsoftwodifferenttheoriesabouttheirnature.Theoldertheory,whichcanconvenientlybecalledthe"licence"theory,explainsthecompany'spowertoactasthechargegivesthechargoralicencetodoso.Thenewertheory,called"themortgageoffutureassets"theory,explainsthecompany'spowertodealwithitsassetsbythefactthatthechargedoesnotattachspecificallytoanyofitsassetsuntilsomekindofsecurityaliketothefloatingcharge,thefloatingchargeisfinallycrystallisation.Fi