考博英语547.docx
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考博英语547
考博英语-547
(总分:
100.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、ⅠReadingComperehension(总题数:
0,分数:
0.00)
二、PassageOne(总题数:
1,分数:
5.00)
Thetablebeforewhichwesitmaybe,asthescientistmaintains,composedofdancingatoms,butitdoesnotrevealitselftousasanythingofthekind,anditisnotwithdancingatomsbutasolidandmotionlessobjectthatwelive.
Soremoteisthis"real"table--andmostoftheother"realities"withwhichsciencedeals--thatitcannotbediscussedintermswhichhaveanyhumanvalue,andthoughitmayreceiveoutpurelyintellectualcredenceitcannotbewovenintothepatternoflifeasitisled,incontradistinctiontolifeasweattempttothinkaboutit.Vibrationsintheeitheraresototallyunlike,letussay,thecolorpurplethatthegulfbetweenthemcannotbebridged,andtheyare,toallintentsandpurposes,notonebuttwoseparatethingsofwhichthesecondandless"real"mustbethemostsignificantforus.Andjustasthesensationwhichhasledustoattributeanobjectiverealitytoanonexistentthingwhichwecall"purple"ismoreimportantforhumanlifethantheconceptionofvibrationsofacertainfrequency,sotoothebeliefinGod,howeverillfounded,hasbeenmoreimportantinthelifeofmanthanthegermtheoryofdecay,howevertruethelattermayhe.
Wemay,ifwelike,speakofconsequence,ascertainmysticslovetodo,ofthedifferentlevelsorordersoftruth.WemayadoptwhatisessentiallyaPlatonisttrickofthoughtandinsistuponpostulatingtheexistenceofexternalrealitieswhichcorrespondtotheneedsandmodesofhumanfeelingandwhich,sowemayinsist,havetheirbeingissomepartoftheuniverseunreachablebyscience.Buttodosoistomakeanunwarrantableassumptionandtobeguiltyofthemetaphysicalfallacyoffailingtodistinguishbetweenatruthoffeelingandthatothersortoftruthwhichisdescribedasa"truthofcorrespondence,"anditisbetterperhaps,atleastforthoseofuswhohavegrownupinanageofscientificthought,tosteerclearofsuchconfusionsandtorestcontentwiththeadmissionthat,thoughtheuniversewithwhichsciencedealsistherealuniverse,yetwedonotandcannothaveanybutfleetingandimperfectcontactswithit;thatthemostimportantpartofourlives-oursensations,emotions,desires,andaspirations-takesplaceinauniverseofillusionswhichsciencecanattenuateordestroy,butwhichitispowerlesstoenrich.
(分数:
5.00)
(1).Accordingtothispassage,ascientistwouldconceiveofa"table"asbeing______.(分数:
1.00)
A.asolidmotionlessobject
B.certaincharacteristicvibrationsin"ether"
C.aformfixedinspaceandtime
D.amassofatomsonmotion √
解析:
[解析]文章第1句话指出了桌子在科学家眼中是无数跳动着的原子,进而建立了事物的本质与日常生活中人们对事物的感觉的不同,因此科学家把桌子假想成D。
A静止的客观存在。
B某种双方各自特有的感应。
C固定在空间和时间的一种形式。
(2).By"objectivereality"theauthormeans______.(分数:
1.00)
A.scientificreality √
B.aphenomenonwecandirectlyexperience
C.realitycoloredbyemotion
D.asymbolicexistence
解析:
[解析]文章第2段最后一句话作者提到客观现实与人们感官看到的不同,对事物科学的解释才是客观现实,因此A正确。
B我们直接体验的一种现象。
C带有感情色彩的现实。
D一个象征性的存在。
(3).Theauthorsuggeststhatinordertobridgethepuzzlingschismbetweenscientifictruthandtheworldofillusions,thereadershould______.(分数:
1.00)
A.trytoridhimselfofhisworldofillusion
B.accepthisworldasbeingoneofillusion √
C.applythescientificmethod
D.establishatruthofcorrespondence
解析:
[解析]文章最后一句话“...itisbetterperhaps,atleastforthoseofUSwhohavegrownupinanageofscientificthought,tosteerclearofsuchconfusionsandtorestcontentwiththeadmission...”中可以判断出B答案正确。
A尽量摆脱幻想的世界。
C应用科学方法。
D建立与之相一致的真理。
(4).Thetopicofthisselectionis______.(分数:
1.00)
A.thedistortionofrealitybyscience
B.theconfusioncausedbyemotions
C.Platonicandcontemporaryviewsoftruth
D.theplaceofscientifictruthinourlives √
解析:
[解析]本文虽无明显的主题句,但在文章第2段第1句中可以得到启示,通读全文可以概括出文章主要讲的是科学真理在人们日常生活中所应处的位置。
A科学歪曲事实。
B情感引起的混乱。
C柏拉图和同时期对真理的观点。
(5).Judgingfromtheideasandtoneoftheselection,onemayreasonablyguessthattheauthoris______.(分数:
1.00)
A.ahumanist √
B.apantheist
C.anuclearphysicist
D.adoctor
解析:
[解析]根据整篇文章的涵义和作者的语气可推断出是人文主义者,A选项正确。
B是泛神论者;C是原子物理学家。
D是医生。
三、PassageTwo(总题数:
1,分数:
5.00)
Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe"greatclasslesssociety".Theidealthatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichesofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:
monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?
Closeexaminationdoesn't