英美文学背诵精华.docx

英美文学背诵精华.docx

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英美文学背诵精华

英美文学背诵精华

美国部分（浪漫主义时期）

1.Transcendentalistsbelievethatnatureisennoblingandtheideathattheindividualisdivine.

2.TothetranscendentalistssuchsEmersonandThoreau,manisdivineinnatureandthereforeforeverperfectible;buttoHawthorneandMelville,everybodyispotentiallyasinner,andgreatmoralcourageisthereforeindispensablefortheimprovementofhumannature.

3.YoungGoodmanBrownbyHawthorne（好人布朗的背诵要义）

（1）GoodmanBrownuttersthiscrywhenhefindshiswifeFaith,togetherwithlotsofprominentpeopleofthevillageandthechurch,attendingawitches’Sabbathinthewoods.

（2）Hiscryshowshisgreatsurpriseanddisillusionment.Thereafter,hebecomesdistrustfulanddoubtful.Helivesadismalandgloomylifebecauseheisneverabletobelieveingoodnessorpietyagain.Heretheauthormakesapunoftheword“faith”.GoodmanBrownlosesnotonlyhisfaithinreligionandlife,butalsohisfaithinhiswife,forhiswife’snameisfaith.

（3）Fromthisstory,wealsocanseethatHawthorneisagreatallegoristandamasterofsymbolism.Thestoryitselfisanallegoryandisfullofsymbolssuchastheforest,thenight,thesnake,andthepinkribbon.

4.WaltWhitman特点:

1）Heidentifieshimself（hisego）withothers,massesandtheuniverse.

2）Hebelievesthateverybeingispeculiarbutequalinvalues.

3）Headvocatesthenotionoftheunionofthesoulandthebody.

5.ThereWasaChildWentForth最后一段话的含义

Theemploymentofthreetenses,namely,thepasttense,thepresenttenseandthefuturetense,indicatesthefactthatthechildwasmuchinfluencedbyhissurroundingswhilegrowingup,andnowheisayoungadult,butheisayoungadult,butheisstillinfluencedbyhisenvironments,thoughmuchlessthanbefore,andinthefuture,hewillbestillinfluencedbyeverythingaroundhim,butstilllessthannow.

6.WhatarethefeaturesofWhitman’spoetry?

（1）Hispoeticstyleismarkedbytheuseofthepoetic“I”

（2）Headopted“freeverse”,poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme.

（3）Theimageinhispoemsisunconventional.

（4）HeusesoralEnglish.

（5）Hisvocabularyisamazing.

（6）Parallelismandphoneticrecurrenceareusedatthebeginningofthelines.

7.WhatarethecharacteristicsofWhitman’sfreeverse?

（1）Poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme.

（2）Alooserandmoreopen-mindedsyntacticalstructureisfrequentlyfavored.Whitmanbelievedthathehasturnedthepoemintoanopenfield,anareaofvitalpossibilitywherethereadercanallowhisownimaginationtoplay.

（3）Whitmancanbeconversationalandcasual,inthefluid,expansive,andunstructuredstyleoftalking,likeoneoftheordinarymen.

8.DiscussthewaysymbolismisusedinMelville’sMoby-Dick（白鲸）.

（1）ToAhab,thewhaleiseitheranevilcreatureitselfortheagentofanevilforcethatcontrolstheuniverse,orperhapsboth.ThechaseofthewhitewhalesymbolizesAhab’spursuitoftruthandfightingagainsttheevilpower.

（2）ToIshmael,thewhaleisanastonishingforce,animmensepower,whichdefiesrationalexplanationduetoasenseofmysteryitcarries.

（3）Italsorepresentsthetremendousorganicvitalityoftheuniverse.

（4）Tothereaders,thewhalecanbeviewedasasymbolofthephysicallimitsthatlifeimposesuponman.

（5）TotheauthorMelville,thewhitewhalesymbolizesnature,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell..

9.白鲸（Moby-Dick）的主要内容和意义

内容：

ThestoryofMoby-Dickissimple,tellingthebattlebetweenAhab,captainofthewhalingshipPequodandthemonstrouswhitewhaleMoby-Dick.Ahabisobsessedbyhisdeterminationtorevengehimselfuponthefierce,cunningwhale,becauseithascrippledhim.

Aftermanyyearsofsearchandpursuit,thewhitewhaleisfinallysighted.Chapter135isadescriptionofthethirdday’schase.

Threeboatshavebeenloweredinchaseofthewhale,buttwoofthemarelaterdestroyedbythewhale.Althoughthewhaleisharpoonedatlast,theshipissunkandallthepeopleaboardaredrownedexceptIshmael,thenarratorofthestorywhohappenstoberescuedbyanotherwhaleship.

意义：

Moby-Dickisnotmerelyawhalingtaleorseaadventure.Itisatragicepic.

ThevoyagethePequodhasmadeisasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.

ThebattlebetweenAhabandthewhitewhalesymbolizesthestrugglebetweenmanandnature,manandfate,goodandevil.

（现实主义时期）

1.MarkTwain和HenryJames的区别

1）MTisfamedasalocal-colorwriter.（theMississippiRiverRegion）

2）Heemploysextensivelythelanguageknownas“vernacular”.

3）Inthebeginning,hewasahumoristwriter,withhis“talltales”,butintheend,hebecameextremelypessimistic.

（1）HJisfamouswithhisInternationalThemes.

（2）Hepr