专四语法词汇.docx

专四语法词汇.docx

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专四语法词汇

集体名词作主语主谓一致

1）通常作复数的集体名词

集体名词，如：

police,people,cattle,militia,poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。

如：

Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides.

2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词

有些集体名词，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。

例如：

AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.

3）既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

集体名词，如audience,committee,class,crew,family,public,government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。

Thecitycouncilismeetingtosetitsagenda.

4）acommittee,etc.of+复数名词

如果主语是由“acommitteeof/apanelof/aboardof+复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。

例如：

Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.

近义词辨析

tired,exhausted,fatigued,weary,worn-out

这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。

tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。

Henrywassotiredthathewenttobedimmediatelyafterhegothome.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。

exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。

Theexhaustedengineerfellasleeponthebus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。

fatigued所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。

Hefeltfatiguedanddidn’twanttosayasingleword.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。

weary语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。

Afteralongandwearywait,theplanefinallycametotakethemback.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。

wornout这个词不太正式，多用于口语。

Thetroopswerewornoutafterwinningthebattle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。

全真模拟试题

1.Although______Spanish,heattendedthecourse.

A.hewasknowingB.heisknowing

C.havingaknowledgeofD.knows

2.You______thatlettertoJames.However,youdidn’t.

A.oughttowriteB.oughttohavewritten

C.shouldwriteD.shouldbewriting

3.Josephwasverylucky______withhislife;healmostdidnotgetoutoftheroom.

A.toescapeB.tohaveescaped

C.toescapingD.tobeescaping

4.Breadandbutter______likedbyWesterners.

A.isB.areC.wereD.be

5.Thebackgardenofourhousecontainsalawn,______verypleasanttositoninsummer.

A.whichisB.whichitisC.itisD.whereitis

6.Hesetupinbusiness______hisownandwasverysuccessful.

A.inB.ofC.onD.by

7.John’sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he______lastnight.

A.muststudyB.shouldhavestudied

C.musthavestudiedD.issuretostudy

8.Frankalmostneverreceivedanyeducation,______?

A.wouldheB.didhe

C.didn’theD.wouldn’the

9.Evenifhisletter______tomorrow,it______toolatetodoanything.

A.willarrive...isB.shouldarrive...were

C.arrives...willbeD.arrives...wouldbe

10.Wecanhear______fromthebackoftheroom.

A.justasgoodB.justaseasy

C.justaswellD.easilyaswell

11.Toobtainasatisfactoryresult,onemustapplytwo______ofpaintonacleansurface.

A.coatsB.levelsC.timesD.courses

12.Thesmallmountainvillagewas______bythesnowformorethanonemonth.

A.cutbackB.cutout

C.cutoffD.cutaway

13.MissGreenwas______$100fordrivingafterdrinking.

A.finedB.chargedC.punishedD.posed

14.Modern______perhapscausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.

A.techniqueB.technology

C.tacticsD.tendency

15.Marytiptoedoverandtooktheclockawaybecauseshehatedtohearit______whenshewastryingtogotosleep.

A.soundingB.ringingC.tickingD.humming

16.Underthis______pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

A.intensiveB.weightyC.intenseD.bulky

17.Ofcourse,mostimmigrantsdidnotgetrichovernight,butthe______ofthemwereeventuallyabletoimproveupontheirformerstandardofliving.

A.maximumB.minorityC.majorityD.minimum

18.Nancywassurprisedthattheyhave______.Theyseemedtobeahappycouple.

A.splitupB.brokendown

C.fallenthroughD.knockedout

19.Thebeachisinanideal______todrawtourists.

A.conditionB.situationC.stateD.publicity

20.Our______sensitivitydecreaseswithage.Byage

60,mostpeoplehavelost40percentoftheirabilitytosmelland50percentoftheirtastebuds.

A.sensibleB.senseless

C.sensitiveD.sensory

21.Theeldestchildisthoroughly______becausetheyalwaysgivehimwhateverhewants.

A.wastedB.spoiled

C.destroyedD.uneducated

22.Ifasubstanceisdissolvedinwaterorheated,itmay______agas.

A.giveintoB.giveover

C.giveoffD.giveaway

23.HismannerwassopleasantthatBollafeltat______withhimatonce.

A.peaceB.largeC.easeD.best

24.—Canyoutakethedayofftomorrow?

—Well,I’llhavetoget______frommyboss.

A.permissionB.permit

C.allowanceD.possession

25.The______inJanet’scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

A.weaknessB.merit

C.defectD.shortcoming

您的得分率为：

/25

试题答案与解析

1.C）【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。

【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中又缺少主语。

knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组haveaknowledgeof中，所以选C）。

2.B）【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。

【难点】oughttohavewritten是虚拟语