政府在企业社会责任(CSR)中的角色演变.pdf

政府在企业社会责任(CSR)中的角色演变.pdf

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Thechangingroleofgovernmentsincorporatesocialresponsibility:

driversandresponsesLauraAlbareda,JosepM.Lozano,AntonioTencati,AtleMidttunandFrancescoPerrininTheaimofthisarticleistocontributetounderstandingthechangingroleofgovernmentinpromotingcorporatesocialresponsibility（CSR）.Overthelastdecade,governmentshavejoinedotherstakeholdersinassumingarelevantroleasdriversofCSR,workingtogetherwithintergovernmentalorganizationsandrecognizingthatpublicpoliciesarekeyinencouragingagreatersenseofCSR.Thispaperfocusesontheanalysisofthenewstrategiesadoptedbygovernmentsinordertopromote,andencouragebusinessestoadopt,CSRvaluesandstrategies.Theresearchisbasedontheanalysisofanexplanatoryframework,relatedtothedevelopmentofarelationalanalyticalframework,whichtriestoanalyzethevision,values,strategiesandrolesadoptedbygovernments,andtheintegrationofnewpartnershipsthatgovernmentsestablishintheCSRareawiththeprivatesectorandsocialorganizations.TheresearchcomparesCSRinitiativesandpublicpoliciesinthreeEuropeancountries:

Italy,NorwayandtheUnitedKingdom,andfocusesongovernmentaldriversandresponses.ThepreliminaryresultsdemonstratethatgovernmentsareincorporatingacommonstatementanddiscourseonCSR,workinginpartnershipwiththeprivateandsocialsectors.Forgovernments,CSRimpliestheneedtomanageacomplexsetofrelationshipsinordertodevelopawinwinsituationbetweenbusinessandsocialorganizations.However,theresearchalsofocusesonthedifferencesbetweenthethreegovernmentswhenapplyingCSRpublicpolicies.Thesedivergencesarebasedonthepreviousculturalandpoliticalframework,suchasthewelfarestatetypology,theorganizationalstructuresandthebusinessandsocialandculturalbackgroundineachcountry.IntroductionAlthoughthereisbroadconsensusthatcorporatesocialresponsibility（CSR）hasabusiness-drivenapproachandthatthemainfocusofCSRdevelop-mentisthebusinesssector,attentionmustalsobepaidtothedevelopmentandapplicationofCSRwithintheframeworkofotherstakeholders,suchasgovernments,fromarelationalperspective.nRespectively,ResearcherattheInstituteforSocialInnovationatESADEBusinessSchool,UniversityRamonLlull（URL）,Barcelona,Spain;ProfessorintheDepartmentofSocialSciencesatESADEBusinessSchool,UniversityRamonLlull（URL）,Barcelona,Spain;AssistantProfessoratSPACEEuropeanResearchCentreonRisk,Security,OccupationalHealthandSafety,EnvironmentandCrisisManagement,BocconiUniversity,Milan,Italy;Professor,DirectoroftheCentreforCorporateCitizenshipandCo-DirectoroftheCentreforEnergyandEnvironmentattheNorwegianSchoolofManagement,Sandvika,Norway;andProfessorintheDepartmentofManagement（IEGI）andSDABocconiSchoolofManagementatBocconiUniversity,Milan,Italy.r2008TheAuthorsJournalcompilationr2008BlackwellPublishingLtd.,9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UKand350MainSt,Malden,MA02148,USA347BusinessEthics:

AEuropeanReviewVolume17Number4October2008Overthelastdecade,governmentshavejoinedotherstakeholdersinassumingarelevantroleasdriversofCSR（Moon2004）andadoptingpublicsectorrolesinstrengtheningCSR（Foxetal.2002）.Atthestartofthecentury,thesegovern-mentalinitiativesconvergedwiththeactionsofdifferentinternationalorganizationssuchastheUNGlobalCompactandtheEuropeanCommis-sion,1bothofwhichbegantopromoteandendorseCSR,recognizingthattheroleofpublicadministrationandpublicpolicyinitiativeswerekeyinencouragingagreatersenseofCSR.Lookingatthepoliticalagenda,theincreasingprofileofCSRasaconceptingovernmentactionislinkedtootherchallengesbroughtaboutbyglobalizationandeconomicchangeinthelate20thcentury（Aaronson&Reeves2002b,Foxetal.2002）,suchasthedebateoncorporatecitizenship,thechangingroleofbusinessinsociety（Detomasi2007）andtheinterrelationshipbetweentrade,investmentandsustainabledevelopment.TheobjectiveofthispaperistounderstandthechangingroleofgovernmentsinpromotingCSRoverrecentyears.OurpurposewastoconductresearchtoanalyzegovernmentsCSRpublicpoliciesandinitiativesinordertounderstandwhichcomprisethemainelementsthatshapegovernmentthinkingwhendrawingupCSRpublicpolicies.Topursuethisobjective,wefirstanalyzedthestateoftheartandearlierresearch,leadingustoapplyarelationalanalyticalframe-workfocusontherelationshipsthatgovernmentsadoptwhentheydesignandimplementCSR.TheempiricalresearchpresentedprovidesforacomparativeanalysisbetweenCSRpublicpoliciesdevelopedinthreeEuropeancountries:

Italy,NorwayandtheUnitedKingdom.ThesethreecountriesshowthreedifferentapproachesintermsofgovernmentalactionspromotingCSR（Lozanoetal.2005）.First,weclassifypublicpoliciesandinitiativesonthebasisoftherelationalframeworkand