剑桥商务英语中级考试试题八.docx
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剑桥商务英语中级考试试题八
剑桥商务英语中级考试试题(八)
一、中READING(PARTONE)(共7小题,共7.0分)·Readthesesentences.·Whichtypedoeseachsentence(1--7)describe?
·ForeachsentencemarkoneletterA,B,CorDonyourAnswerSheet.
第1题
A.Foroverthreedecades,academics,managers,andconsultants,realizingthattransformingorganizationsisdifficult,haveanalyzedthesubject.They'vesungthepraisesofleaderswhocommunicatevisionandwalkthetalkinordertomakechangeeffortssucceed.They'vesanctifiedtheimportanceofchangingorganizationalcultureandemployees'attitudes.They'veteasedoutthetensionsbetweentop-downtransformationeffortsandparticipatoryapproachestochange.Still,studiesshowthatinmostorganizations,twooutofthreetransformationinitiativesfail.
B.Eachmanagerlooksataninitiativefromhisorherviewpointand,basedonpersonalexperience,focusesondifferentsuccessfactors.Theexperts,too,offerdifferentperspectives.Arecentsearchforbookson‘changeandmanagement’turnedup6,153titles,eachwithadistincttakeonthetopic.Thoseideashavealottooffer,buttaketogether,theyforcecompaniestotacklemanyprioritiessimultaneously,whichspreadsresourcesandskillsthin.
C.Someofthehardfactorsthataffectatransformationinitiativearethetimenecessarytocompleteit,thenumberofpeoplerequiredtoexecuteit,andthefinancialresultsthatintendedactionsareexpectedtoachieve.Theresearchshowsthatchangeprojectsfailtogetoffthegroundwhencompaniesneglectthehardfactors.Thatdoesn'tmeanthatexecutivescanignorethesoftelements;thatwouldbeagravemistake.However.Ifcompaniesdon'tpayattentiontothehardissuesfirst,transformationprogramswillbreakdownbeforethesoftelementscomeintoplay.
D.Companiesassumethatthelongeraninitiativecarrieson.Themorelikelyitistofail—theearlyimpetuswillpeterout,windowsofopportunitywillclose,objectiveswillbeforgotten,keysupporterswillleaveorlosetheirenthusiasm,andproblemswillaccumulate.However,contrarytopopularperception,alongprojectthatisreviewedfrequentlyismorelikelytosucceedthanashortprojectthatisn'treviewedfrequently.Thus,thetimebetweenreviewsismorecriticalforsuccessthanaproject'slifespan.
theimportanceoftakingintoconsiderationtheeconomiceffectsbroughtbythechange
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
从C篇第一句“Someofthehardfactorsthataffectatransformationinitiativearethetimenecessarytocompleteit,thenumberofpeoplerequiredtoexecuteit,andthefinancialresultsthatintendedactionsareexpectedtoachieve.”可知影响变革主动性的硬因素包括需要的时间、参加人员的数量以及将要进行的变革所能带来的经济效益。
第二句“Theresearchshowsthatchangeprojectsfailtogetoffthegroundwhencompaniesneglectthehardfactors.”告诉我们,如果忽略这些因素,变革就很难顺利展开。
该句中的短语getofftheground表示“起飞;顺利地起步”。
C篇中的最后一句“However,ifcompaniesdon'tpayattentiontothehardissuesfirst,transformationprogramswillbreakdownbeforethesoftelementscomeintoplay.”再次强调首先要关注的是上述那些硬因素。
经济效益是硬因素之一,因此,C为正确选项。
第2题
thediversityinobservingtheinitiativeofchangeincompanies
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
从B篇第一、第二两句“Eachmanagerlooksataninitiativefromhisorherviewpointand,basedonpersonalexperience,focusesondifferentsuccessfactors.Theexpeas,too,offerdifferentperspectives.”可知管理者和专家都对变革的主动性有着千差万别的看法。
第三句“Arecentsearchforbookson‘changeandmanagement’turnedup6,153titles,eachwithadistincttakeonthetopic.”则用数字说明关于“changeandmanagement”这一主题的文章有如此之多(6,153),而每篇观点又不尽相同。
此句中的“take”作名词,本意是指电影电视拍摄时的一个个镜头,这里指观点。
因此,B为正确选项。
第3题
thebeliefthatgoodcommunicationbetweenmanagersandstaffwillbenefitthechange
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
从A篇第一、第二句“Foroverthreedecades,academics,managers,andconsultants,realizingthattransformingorganizationsisdifficult,haveanalyzedthesubject.They'vesungthepraisesofleaderswhocommunicatevisionandwalkthetalkinordertomakechangeeffortssucceed.”可知学者、管理者、顾问都对那些能够将自己的变革构想告诉给下属的领导者称赞有加。
由此可以断定,管理者与被管理者就即将进行的变革进行沟通是有助于变革成功的。
因此,A为正确选项。
第4题
therelationshipbetweenthedurationofaprojectandthechancesofwinningthechange
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
从D篇第一句的前半句“Companiesassumethatthelongeraninitiativecarrieson,themorelikelyitistofail”可知有些人认为变革持续的时间越长就越可能失败;后半句“theearlyimpetuswillpeterout,windowsofopportunitywillclose,objectiveswillbeforgotten,keysupporterswillleaveorlosetheirenthusiasm,andproblemswillaccumulate.”则进行了进一步的解释。
但在“However”之后,与上所述完全相反的一种观点被提出来,“alongprojectthatisreviewedfrequentlyismorelikelytosucceedthanashortprojectthatisn'treviewedfrequently”,意思是,如果能对一个实施时间很长的变革计划在其进行中不断研究改进的话,该变革则更可能成功。
可见,作者在D篇中对变革持续时间长短与成功可能性的关系做了介绍,因此,D为正确选项。
第5题
theneedtoconsideralltheelementsinvolvedinachange
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
从C篇的第一、第二句“Someofthehardfactorsthataffectatransformationinitiativearethetimenecessary