数据采集外文文献翻译中英文.docx

数据采集外文文献翻译中英文.docx

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数据采集外文文献翻译中英文

数据采集外文文献翻译

（含：

英文原文及中文译文）

文献出处：

TxominNieva.DATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMS[J].ComputersinIndustry,2013,4

（2）:

215-237.

英文原文

DATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMS

TxominNieva

Dataacquisitionsystems,asthenameimplies,areproductsand/orprocessesusedtocollectinformationtodocumentoranalyzesomephenomenon.Inthesimplestform,atechnicianloggingthetemperatureofanovenonapieceofpaperisperformingdataacquisition.Astechnologyhasprogressed,thistypeofprocesshasbeensimplifiedandmademoreaccurate,versatile,andreliablethroughelectronicequipment.Equipmentrangesfromsimplerecorderstosophisticatedcomputersystems.Dataacquisitionproductsserveasafocalpointinasystem,tyingtogetherawidevarietyofproducts,suchassensorsthatindicatetemperature,flow,level,orpressure.Somecommondataacquisitiontermsareshownbelow.

Datacollectiontechnologyhasmadegreatprogressinthepast30to40years.Forexample,40yearsago,inawell-knowncollegelaboratory,thedeviceusedtotracktemperaturerisesinbronzemadeofheliumwascomposedofthermocouples,relays,interrogators,abundleofpapers,andapencil.

Today'suniversitystudentsarelikelytoautomaticallyprocessandanalyzedataonPCs.Therearemanywaysyoucanchoosetocollectdata.Thechoiceofwhichmethodtousedependsonmanyfactors,includingthecomplexityofthetask,thespeedandaccuracyyouneed,theevidenceyouwant,andmore.Whethersimpleorcomplex,thedataacquisitionsystemcanoperateandplayitsrole.

Theoldwayofusingpencilsandpapersisstillfeasibleforsomesituations,anditischeap,easytoobtain,quickandeasytostart.Allyouneedistocapturemultiplechannelsofdigitalinformation（DMM）andstartrecordingdatabyhand.

Unfortunately,thismethodispronetoerrors,sloweracquisitionofdata,andrequirestoomuchhumananalysis.Inaddition,itcanonlycollectdatainasinglechannel;butwhenyouuseamulti-channelDMM,thesystemwillsoonbecomeverybulkyandclumsy.Accuracydependsonthelevelofthewriter,andyoumayneedtoscaleityourself.Forexample,iftheDMMisnotequippedwithasensorthathandlestemperature,theoldoneneedstostartlookingforaproportion.Giventheselimitations,itisanacceptablemethodonlyifyouneedtoimplementarapidexperiment.

Modernversionsofthestripchartrecorderallowyoutoretrievedatafrommultipleinputs.Theyprovidelong-termpaperrecordsofdatabecausethedataisingraphicformatandtheyareeasytocollectdataonsite.Onceabarchartrecorderhasbeensetup,mostrecordershaveenoughinternalintelligencetooperatewithoutanoperatororcomputer.Thedisadvantagesarethelackofflexibilityandtherelativelowprecision,oftenlimitedtoapercentagepoint.Youcanclearlyfeelthatthereisonlyasmallchangewiththepen.Inthelong-termmonitoringofthemulti-channel,therecorderscanplayaverygoodrole,inaddition,theirvalueislimited.Forexample,theycannotinteractwithotherdevices.Otherconcernsarethemaintenanceofpensandpaper,thesupplyofpaperandthestorageofdata.Themostimportantistheabuseandwasteofpaper.However,recordersarefairlyeasytosetupandoperate,providingapermanentrecordofdataforquickandeasyanalysis.

SomebenchtopDMMsofferselectablescanningcapabilities.Thebackoftheinstrumenthasaslottoreceiveascannercardthatcanbemultiplexedformoreinputs,typically8to10channelsofmux.Thisisinherentlylimitedinthefrontpaneloftheinstrument.Itsflexibilityisalsolimitedbecauseitcannotexceedthenumberofavailablechannels.ExternalPCsusuallyhandledataacquisitionandanalysis.

ThePCplug-incardisasingle-boardmeasurementsystemthatusestheISAorPCIbustoexpandtheslotinthePC.Theyoftenhaveareadingrateofupto1000persecond.8to16channelsarecommon,andthecollecteddataisstoreddirectlyinthecomputerandthenanalyzed.Becausethecardisessentiallyapartofthecomputer,itiseasytoestablishthetest.PC-cardsarealsorelativelyinexpensive,partlybecausetheyhavesincebeenhostedbyPCstoprovideenergy,mechanicalaccessories,anduserinterfaces.Datacollectionoptions

Onthedownside,thePCplug-incardsoftenhavea12-wordcapacity,soyoucan'tdetectsmallchangesintheinputsignal.Inaddition,theelectronicenvironmentwithinthePCisoftensusceptibletonoise,highclockrates,andbusnoise.TheelectroniccontactslimittheaccuracyofthePCcard.Theseplug-incardsalsomeasurearangeofvoltages.Tomeasureotherinputsignals,suchasvoltage,temperature,andresistance,youmayneedsomeexternalsignalmonitoringdevices.Otherconsiderationsincludecomplexcalibrationsandoverallsystemcosts,especiallyifyouneedtopurchaseadditionalsignalmon