国际贸易实务复习资料.docx

国际贸易实务复习资料.docx

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国际贸易实务复习资料

国际贸易实务复习资料

名词解释：

•Seatransport:

some98percentofworldtradeinvolumetermsisconveyedbyseatransport.

•Containerization:

Containerizationisamethodofdistributingmerchandiseinaunitizedforms.Soit’sapatternofload.Itpermitsaninter-modaltransportsystem.90percentofdeep-seatradesarecontainerized.

•Inlandclearancedepots:

TheInlandclearancedepotsessentiallyacustomstermusedtoidentifywherecustomsclearancefacilitiesareprovidedawayfromtheairportandseaportandforpublicuse.

•Dryports:

Itisarailterminallocatedinanindustrialorcommercialregionprovidingadirectraillinkwithoneormorecontainerport.

•Customsreliefsandpreference:

dutyisrelievedonimportsofforeigngoodswhichareprocessedinnativecountryandre-exportedprovidedthetradedoesnotharmtheessentialinterestofdomesticproducersofsimilargoods.

•Inwardprocessingrelief（IPR）:

dutyisrelievedonimportsofforeigngoodswhichareprocessedinnativecountryandre-exportedprovidedthetradedoesnotharmtheessentialinterestofdomesticproducersofsimilargoods.

outwardprocessingrelief（OPR）：

OPRpermitspartialortotalrelieffromdutyongoodsthatareexportedfromnativecountryforprocessingorrepairandsubsequentlyre-imported.

•returnedgoodsrelief（RGR）：

Iftheexportgoodswhicharedefectiveornotinaccordancewiththecontractarerejectedandreturned,thedutiesandVATcanberemittedorrepaid.

•ATAcarnets：

AnATAcarnetisaninternationaldocumentwhichmaybeusedtosimplifycustomsclearanceofgoodsbeingtemporarilyexportedorimported.

•CPDcarnets：

aninternationalcustomsdocumentfortemporaryimportationandexportationofroadmotorvehiclesregulatedundertheATAtoIstanbulconvention.

•customswarehousing：

astorageplace/premisesoraninventorysystemauthorizedbycustoms.beusedforstoringforeigngoodsthatarechargeablewithimportdutyand/orVAT,orotherwisenotinfreecirculation.thepaymentofimportdutiesand/orVATaresuspendedordelayedwhenforeigngoodsarestoredinacustomswarehousing.

•freezone:

adesignatedareainwhichforeigngoodsaretreatedasoutsidethecustomsterritoryofthiscountryforthepurposesofimportduties.

•dutypreference:

preferentialtarifftreatmentonexportsandimportsforparticularcountriesorregions.

•documentarycredits（DC）:

anundertakingissuedbyabankonbehalfofthebuyer（importer/applicant）totheseller（exporter/beneficiary）,topayforgoodsand/orservices,providedthatthesellerpresentsdocumentswhichcomplyfullywiththetermsandconditionsofthedocumentarycredit.

•letterofcredit（L/C）:

adocumentissuedmostlybyafinancialinstitution,usedprimarilyintradefinance.

•Back-to-backcredits（BBC）:

i.e.subsidiaryorsecondarycredit.Themiddlemanreceivesacreditinhisorherfavourfromthebuyerandaskshisorherbanktoestablishacreditinfavourofhisorhersupplier.

•StandbyL/C:

StandbyL/Crequirestheissuingbanktomakepaymenttotheselleruponpresentationofdocumentsevidencingnon-paymentbytheimporter.

•Forfeiting:

forfaitingisamethodofinternationaltradefinanceinvolvingthepurchaseoftradereceivablesfromthebeneficiaryonatotallywithoutrecoursebasisandthediscountingofbank-guaranteedoverseastradebillsornotes.

•Guarantee:

aredocumentswhichareusedextensivelyininternationaltradetosecureperformanceorotherobligations.Theyshouldprovidethebeneficiarywithaccesstoasumofmoneyiftheprincipal（applicant）failtofulfilcontractualorotherobligationsinrespectofanunderlyingtransaction,contractororder.

•counter-trade:

i.e.exportsalestoaparticularmarketaremadeconditionaluponundertakingtoacceptimportsfromthatmarket.

•Charterparty:

isacontractwherebyashipowneragreestoplacehisorhership,orpartofit,atthedisposalofamerchantorotherperson（knownasthecharterer）,forthecarriageofgoodsfromoneporttoanotherportonbeingpaidfreight,ortolethisorhershipforaspecifiedperiod.

•Billoflading（B\L）:

abillofladingisareceiptforgoodsshippedonboardavessel,signedbytheperson（orhisorheragent）whocontractstocarrythem,andstatingtheconditionsinwhichthegoodsweredeliveredto（andreceivedby）theship.

问答题：

1、Fundamentalprinciplesofinsurance（marineinsurance）：

（1）insurableinterest;

（2）utmostgoodfaith;

（3）Indemnity;

（4）subrogation

2、TypesofunderwritersandRelationshipofdifferenttypesofunderwriters?

（1）Lloyd’sunderwriters

•Lloyd’sisasocietyofunderwriters.BusinessisplacedatLloyd’sandnotwithLloyd’s.

•Theunderwritingmembersaregroupedintosyndicateswhichacceptrisksinanyclassesofbusiness.

•Eachmemberreceiveshisparticularpercentageshareofallpremiumsandpaysthes