高中名词性从句讲解及练习资料讲解.docx
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高中名词性从句讲解及练习资料讲解
名词性从句
主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
这四种从句与主句间不用逗号。
一．名词性从句连接词的选用可分为三类：
1.that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当成分，也没有实际意义。
Thathewillcomeiscertain.
Ithinkthathe’llbeallrightinafewdays.
ThefactisthatIhaveneverbeenthere.
Thefactthatshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
2.whether/if在名词性从句中有“是否”之意，但不充当成分。
附Whether/if区分：
在宾语从句中可互换，但介词和discuss后的宾语从句用whether;其它名词性从句用whether；可以说whethertodo但不能说iftodo;可说whether/if……ornot,whetherornot，不能说ifornot.
Whethershe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
Iwonderwhether/ifitistrue.
Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.
Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.
Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcome.（不能用ifornot）
Idon’t’knowif/whethertheywillcomeornot.
另外别忘了if可引导条件状语从句。
试比较：
Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.
Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.
3.其它连接词的选用遵循：
“缺什么，补什么”的原则。
缺状语，补连接副词where,when,why,how;缺主语，宾语，表语，定语，补连接代词：
who,whom,what,which,whose.
Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.
Whyhediditwasn’tquiteclear.
Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.
Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.
Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourworkplan.
Thisiswhyheislate.
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.
Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.
Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.
Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.
Doyouknowwho/whomtheyarewaitingfor.
Heaskedwhosedictionaryitwas.
二．名词性从句应该注意的。
1.名词性从句用陈述语序。
注意whatisthematterwith…….被看作陈述语序。
如：
Doyouknowwhatisthematterwithhim?
不能用Doyouknowwhatthematteriswithhim?
2.同位语从句和定语从句的区分：
同位语从句对其前边的名词起解释补充说明,可译为“既;那就是”;定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,译为“┉的”;that引导的定语从句在从句中要充当成分,作宾语,表语可省略;而that引导的同位语从句只起引导作用,不充当成分,不能省略.
Thesuggestion（that）ourteachergaveussoundsOK.
ThesuggestionthatweshouldarrangeourtimescientificallysoundsOK.
Thenews（that）youheardisnottrue.
ThenewsthatLincolnwasmurderedatatheatreistrue.
Thefactthatyoupointedoutmademeinterested.
Thefactthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.
3.名词性从句中的what可改为定语从句thething（s）/person（s）that;whatever可改为anythingthat,whoever可改为anyonewho
Theyarecarefulaboutwhattheyeat.=Theyarecarefulaboutthethingsthattheyeat.
Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.=Heisnottheonethatheusedtobe.
HewouldbelievewhateverIsaid.=HewouldbelieveanythingthatIsaid.
Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelight.=Anyonewholeaves
theroomlastshouldturnoffthelight.
4.wh-ever和nomatterwh-区分：
引导让步状语从句，wh-ever可换为nomatterwh-,引导名词性从句则不能。
如：
WhateverIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.=NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.
5.名词性从句中that的省略：
宾语从句中的that可以省略，但并列的宾语从句只有第一个从句的that可以省略，第二个从句和第二个以后的that不能省；it作形式宾语的宾语从句that不能省;介词后的宾语从句的that不能省；表语从句中的that和it作形式主语的主语从句的that在口语中偶有省略。
同位语从句中的that不能省略。
6.reason或cause作主语以及why引导的主语从句作主语，其后的表语从句连接词不用because，常用that，而且since和as不能引导表语从句。
Whyfarmlandhereisbeinglostisthatfarmershavecutdowntoomanytreesinrecentyears.
Thereasonforhisbeingabsencefromtheconferencewasthathewasdelayedbytheaccident.
7.宾语从句：
be+sure/certain/glad/pleased/satisfied/surprised等也可接宾语从句。
I’mnotsurewhatIshoulddo.
I’mafraidyoudon’tunderstandwhatIsaid.
宾语从句否定的转移：
主句的主语是一人称，谓语是think、believe、suppose、expect、imagine等，对从句的否定习惯上要转移到主句上，并且其反义疑问句要和从句保持一致。
Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?
Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet,havethey?
宾语从句后有宾语补足语要用it作形式宾语。
Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.
8.注意it作形式主语的主语从句和强调句的区分。
练习
1.Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
2.Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen______andseehim.
A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome
3._____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.
A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires
4.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_______itisroughorsmooth.
A./B.whetherC.howD.which
5.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize______sillymistakesIhadmade.
A.whatB.thatC.howD.which
6.Ilike______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.
A.thisB.thatC.itD.one
7.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____Idisagree.
A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how
8.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_______wasawastelandtenyearsago.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
9.Astorygoes______ElizabethⅠofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
10.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat______Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
11.Alongwit
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