高中英语常考词根词缀汇总.docx

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高中英语常考词根词缀汇总.docx

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高中英语常考词根词缀汇总.docx

派生法一：

使用后缀

通过为单词加入后缀构成另一个词，后缀一般只改变词性，不改变词义。

1形容词、动词变名词

-ence，-ance结尾名词

存在exist-existence

发生occur-occurrence

查阅/参考refer-reference

更喜欢/偏好prefer-preference

不同differ-difference

接受accept-acceptance

出现/外表appear-appearance

履行perform-performance

抵制resist-resistance

指导guide-guidance

进入enter-entrance

保险insure-insurance

帮助assist-assistance

忍受endure-endurance/tolerate-tolerance

-tion，-sion结尾的名词

生产produce-production

介绍introduce-introduction

消费consume-consumption

减少reduce-reduction

认为/假设

assume-assumption/suppose-supposition

毁灭destroy-destruction

描写describe-description

打断interrupt-interruption

采纳/收养adopt-adoption

防止prevent-prevention

接收/接待处receive-reception

解决solve-solution

进化evolve-evolution

建议suggest-suggestion

编辑/版本edit-edition

展览exhibit-exhibition

打算/意图intend-intention

认出recognize-recognition

解释/定义define-definition

保护protect-protection

方向/指导direct-direction

指令instruct-instruction

建设construct-construction

注射inject-injection

感染infect-infection

驳斥reject-rejection

反对object-objection/oppose-opposition

连接connect-connection

收集collect-collection

纠正correct-correction

视察inspect-inspection

挨饿starve-starvation

组织organize-organization

文明civilize-civilization

认知realize-realization

考试examine-examination

决定determine-determination

形成form-formation

通知inform-information

想象imagine-imagination

运输transport-transportation

邀请invite-invitation

期待expect-expectation

诱惑tempt-temptation

改编/适应adapt-adaptation

移民immigrate-immigration

模仿imitate-imitation

准备prepare-preparation

探索explore-exploration

考虑consider-consideration

宣布declare-declaration

装饰decorate-decoration

激发/灵感inspire-inspiration

放松/休闲relax-relaxation

交流communicate-communication

占用/职业occupy-occupation

满足satisfy-satisfaction

申请、应用apply-application

暗示imply-implication

推荐recommend-recommendation

口译、理解interpret-interpretation

结合combine-combination

操作、手术operate-operation

犹豫hesitate-hesitation

教育educate-education

定位locate-location

指出indicate-indication

参加participate-participation

计算calculate-calculation

欣赏、感激appreciate-appreciation

联想、协会associate-association

分离separate-separation

冬眠hibernate-hibernation

赔偿compensate-compensation

调查investigate-investigation

庆祝celebrate-celebration

祝贺congratulate-congratulation

翻译translate-translation

积累accumulate-accumulation

加速accelerate-acceleration

捐赠donate-donation

解放liberate-liberation

动力motivate-motivation

革新innovate-innovation

集中concentrate-concentration

游行、示威demonstrate-demonstration

贡献contribute-contribution

分发distribute-distribution

促进promote-promotion

致力devote-devotion/dedicate-dedication

沮丧

frustrate-frustration/depress-depression

印象impress-impression

表达express-expression

拥有、财产possess-possession

讨论discuss-discussion

扩大expand-expansion

延伸extend-extension

承认admit-admission

允许permit-permission

排放emit-emission

爆炸explode-explosion

结论conclude-conclusion

决定decide-decision

划分divide-division

迷惑confuse-confusion

–ment结尾的名词

广告advertise-advertisement

同意agree-agreement

惊奇amaze-amazement

吃惊astonish-astonishment

通告announce-announcement

安排arrange-arrangement

评估assess-assessment

发展develop-development

失望disappoint-disappointment

雇佣、就业employ-employment

鼓舞encourage-encouragement

款待、娱乐entertain-entertainment

装备equip-equipment

统治、政府govern-government

改进improve-improvement

投资invest-investment

卷入involve-involvement

管理manage-management

惩罚punish-punishment

要求require-requirement

退休retire-retirement

定居settle-settlement

陈述state-statement

对待、招待、治疗treat-treatment

以…….为基础base-basement

人行道pave-pavement

完成achieve-achievement；

accomplish-accomplishment

–ness结尾的名词

形容词变名词：

意识

aware-awareness/conscious-consciousness

苦bitter-bitterness

盲目blind-blindness

冷静calm-calmness

聪明clever-cleverness

疯狂crazy-craziness

渴望eager-eagerness

公平fair-fairness

愚蠢foolish-foolishness

适合fit-fitness

幸福、愉快happy-happiness

疾病ill-illness

友好kind-kindness

懒惰lazy-laziness

孤独lonely-loneliness

宁静quiet-quietness

悲伤sad-sadness

严重性serious-seriousness

甜美sweet-sweetness

稳定steady-steadiness

厚度thick-thickness

累tired-tiredness

弱点weak-weakness

冷cold-coldness

紧张nervous-nervousness

思乡homesick-homesickness

粗心careless-carelessness

自私selfish-selfishness

无私

selfless-selflessness/unselfishunselfishness

无助helpless-helplessness

无望hopeless-hopelessness

–age结尾的名词

婚姻marry-marriage

短缺short-shortage

储存store-storage

包裹pack-package

车厢carry-carriage

通道pass-passage

–th结尾的名词

温暖warm-warmth

真理true-truth

死亡dead-death

成长grow-growth

–ure结尾的名词

快乐please-pleasure

离开depart-departure

暴露expose-exposure

压力press-pressure

失败fail-failure

混合mix-mixture

签名sign-signature

–ce结尾的名词

形容词转变为名词：

缺席absent-absence

出席present-presence

信心confident-confidence

方便convenient-convenience

不同different-difference

勤奋diligent-diligence

远的、距离distant-distance

明显的、证据evident-evidence

优秀excellent-excellence

重要important-importance

独立independent-independence

天真innocent-innocence

智力intelligent-intelligence

公正just-justice

耐心patient-patience

浪漫romantic-romance

沉默silent-silence

暴力violent-violence

动词转化为名词：

冒犯offend-offence

防御defend-defense/defence

建议advise-advice

设施devise-device

–dom结尾的名词

自由free-freedom

王国king-kingdom

智慧wise-wisdom

–hood结尾的名词

孩童时代childhood

男孩时代boyhood

邻里neighborhood

–ship结尾的名词

所有权ownership

锦标赛championship

友谊friendship

手艺craftsmanship

奖学金scholarship

领导力leadership

艰难hardship

关系relationship

–ing结尾的名词

农业farming

变暖warming

园艺gardening

学业schooling

绘画painting

意思meaning

绘画drawing

训练training

录音tape-recording

衣物clothing

感觉feeling

十字路口crossing

工资earnings

问候greeting

储蓄savings

发生的事happenings

发现findings

财产belongings

痛苦sufferings

贡品offerings

环境surroundings

保龄球bowling

举重weight-lifting

射击shooting

摔跤wrestling

名词、动词变形容词

–y结尾的形容词

名词变形容词：

阳光灿烂的sun-sunny

多雨的rain-rainy

被雪覆盖的snow-snowy

有风的wind-windy

有暴风雪的storm-stormy

寒冷的chill-chilly

多雾的fog-foggy

有霜的frost-frosty

冰冷的ice-icy

阴沉的gloom-gloomy

布满星辰的star-starry

泥泞的mud-muddy

布满灰尘的dust-dusty

脏的dirt-dirty

健康的health-healthy

富有的wealth-wealthy

霸道的boss-bossy

臭的smell-smelly

美味的taste-tasty

咸的salt-salty

皮包骨的skin-skinny

贪婪的greed-greedy

迅速的speed-speedy

棘手的、狡猾的trick-tricky

动词变形容词：

爱挑剔的choose-choosy/pick-picky

黏的stick-sticky

悦耳易记的catch-catchy

害怕的scare-scary

滑溜的slip-slippery

-al，-ial结尾的形容词

全球的globe-global

文化的culture-cultural

农业的agriculture-agricultural

情景的situation-situational

有条件的condition-conditional

环境的environment-environmental

化学的chemistry-chemical

医学的medicine-medical

原始的origin-original

政治的politics-political

实际的practice-practical

理论的theory-theoretical

音乐的music-musical

感情的emotion-emotional

国家的nation-national

自然的nature-natural

个人的person-personal

偶尔的occasion-occasional

精神上的mind-mental

身体上的physics-physical

偶然的accident-accidental

教育的education-educational

技术上的technique-technical

心理上的psychology-psychological

沿海的coast-coastal

种族的race-racial

面部的face-facial

工业的industry-industrial

金融的finance-financial

商业的commerce-commercial

官方的office-official

有益的benefit-beneficial

典型的type-typical

有影响的influence-influential

-ful，-less结尾的形容词

感激的thank-thankful=grateful

充足的plenty-plentiful

美丽的beauty-beautiful

成功的success-successful

可怕的awe-awful

忠实的faith-faithful

和平的peace-peaceful

高兴的

joy-joyful/cheer-cheerful=enjoyable

非常干净的spot-spotless

无休止的end-endless

无家可归的home-homeless

无工作的job-jobless=unemployed

身无分文的penny-penniless

无私的self-selfless=unselfish

无目标的aim-aimless

无线的wire-wireless

无限的limit-limitless

珍贵的/无价的

price-priceless=invaluable

毫无价值的

value-valueless/worth-worthless

无语的speech-speechless

上气不接下气的breath-breathless

小心的，粗心的care-careful，careless

多彩的，无色的color-colorful，colorless

有用的，无用的use-useful，useless

成果丰硕的，无成效的

fruit-fruitful，fruitless

强大的，无能力的

power-powerful，powerless

有意义的，无意义的meaning-meaningful

meaningless=pointless=senseless

痛苦的，不痛的pain-painful，painless

后悔的，无悔的

regret-regretful，regretless

有害的，无害的

harm-harmful，harmless

闲适宁静的，躁动不安的

rest-restful，restless

优雅的，粗鲁的

grace-graceful，graceless

抱有希望的，无望的

hope-hopeful，hopeless

有帮助的/愿意帮忙的，无助的

help-helpful，helpless

考虑周到的/不周到的

thought-thoughtful，thoughtless

-（i）ous结尾的形容词

名词变形容词：

许多的number-numerous

多山的mountain-mountainous

冒险的adventure-adventurous

紧张的nerve-nervous

有毒的poison-poisonous

危险的danger-dangerous

灾难的disaster-disastrous

小心的caution-cautious

营养的nutrition-nutritious

宗教的religion-religious

宽敞的space-spacious

有抱负的ambition-ambitious

神秘的mystery-mysterious

-able，-（s）ible结尾的形容词

（不）可预见的

predict-（un）predictable

（不）可避免的avoid-（un）avoidable

（不）可忘的forget-（un）forgettable

（不）想要的desire-（un）desirable

（不）舒服的comfort-（un）comfortable

有（不）利的favor-（un）favorable

（不）合适的suit-（un）suitable

（不）可忍受的bear-（un）bearable

（不）可忍受的endure-（un）endurable

（不）可信的believe-（un）believable

（不）可信的credit-（in）credible

（不）可接近的access-（in）accessible

看（不）见的view-（in）visible

（不）可治愈的cure-（in）curable

支付得起的afford-affordable

适应力强的adapt-adaptable

可更新的renew-renewable

便携的port-portable

多变的change-changeable

可吃的eat-eatable

可依靠的rely-reliable

可行的work-workable

有价值的value-valuable

合理的reason-reasonable

高兴的enjoy-enjoyable

流行的fashion-fashionable

-tive结尾的形容词

动词变形容词：

多产的produce-productive

迷人的attract-attractive

有创造力的create-creative

保护的protect-protective

预防性的prevent-preventive

健谈的talk—talkative

可共替代的alter-alternative