国际会议发言英语 English for Presentations at International Conferences.pdf

国际会议发言英语 English for Presentations at International Conferences.pdf

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EnglishforPresentationsatInternationalConferencesAdrianWallworkEnglishforPresentationsatInternationalConferences123AdrianWallworkViaCarducci956127PisaIISBN978-1-4419-6590-5e-ISBN978-1-4419-6591-2DOI10.1007/978-1-4419-6591-2SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondonLibraryofCongressControlNumber:

2010930012SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2010Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher（SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork,NY10013,USA）,exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden.Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights.Printedonacid-freepaperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia（）PrefaceWhoIsThisBookfor?

Thisbookisaguidetowritingandgivingpresentations.Itismainlyintendedfornon-nativespeakersofEnglishofalldisciplineswhowanttopresenttheresultsoftheirresearchatinternationalconferences.Problemswithlanguage（bothwrittenandoral）aredealtwithextensively,whereasthetechnical/graphicalelementsofcreatingslidesaregivenlessspace.ThebookisdesignedtohelpboththosewhohaveneverdonepresentationsbeforeandresearcherswhoseEnglishisalreadygood（orwhoarenativespeakers）butwhowanttoimprovetheirpresentationskills.Somechaptershave“AdvancedTips”formoreexperiencedpresenters.IhopethatothertrainerslikemyselfinEnglishforAcademicPurposeswillalsofindthebookasourceofusefulideastopassontostudents.Note:

Mostoftheexamplesgivenarefromrealpresentations,butinsomecasestheyarefictitiousandmaycontaininventedstatistics.WhatWillILearnfromThisBook?

Thisbookwillhelpyoutoovercomeproblemswithnervesandembarrassmentprepareandpracticeawell-organized,interestingpresentationhighlighttheessentialpointsyouwanttheaudiencetorememberavoidproblemsinEnglishbyusingshorteasy-to-saysentencesattractandretainaudienceattentiondecidewhattosayateachstageofthepresentationimproveyourpronunciationlearnusefulphrasesdealwithquestionsfromtheaudiencegainconfidenceandgiveamemorablepresentationvviPrefaceHowShouldIReadThisBook?

Thisbookisdesignedtobelikeamanualorauserguideyoudontneedtoreaditstartingfrompage1.Likeamanualithaslotsofshortsubsectionsandisdividedintoshortparagraphswithmanybulletpoints.Thisistohelpyoufindwhatyouwantquicklyandalsotoassimilatetheinformationasrapidlyandaseffectivelyaspossible.YoucanusetheTableofContentsasachecklistofthingstoremember.Ifyouhaveneverdoneapresentationbefore,thenyoushouldstartbyreadingtherestofthischapter.Ifyouhavedonepresentationsbefore,buthaveproblemswithpronunciationorstillsufferfromnerves,thenyoucouldstartatChapters3and4,respectively.Areyounotsogoodatplanningandpracticing?

ThenreadallofPartI.Ifyoutendtowritetoomuchtextinyourslidesorhavedifficultyexplainingthem,thenreadPartII.Finally,ifyouwanttoknowwhattosayateachstageofapresentationthengodirectlytoPartIII.Youmayfindthatoccasionallythesameconceptisexplainedmorethanoncebutindifferentsections.Thisisbecausethebookisnotdesignedtobereadfromcovertocover,andsomeconceptsapplytomorethanoneareaofpreparinganddeliveringapresentation.OtherBooksinThisSeriesThisbookisapartofaseriesofbookstohelpnon-nativeEnglish-speakingresearcherstocommunicateinEnglish.TheothertitlesareEnglishforWritingResearchPapersEnglishforAcademicCorrespondenceandSocializingEnglishforResearch:

Usage,Style,andGrammarWhyDoaPresentationataConference?

Bygivingapresentationataconference,youcangainvisibilityandinformothersoftheresultsyouhaveachieved.Thismayenableyoutoincreaseyourchancesofgettingfeedbackonyourwork,establishingnewcontacts,collaboratingwithotherresearchgroups,andmaybeofevengettingmorefundssothatyoucancarryoutbetterresearch.Apresentationisanopportunitytotalkaboutfactorsthatyouprobablywouldntmentioninyourpaper,e.g.,ideasandconjectures,negativeresults,unfinishedworkallofthesemightstimulateusefulquestionsandfeedbackfromtheaudience.PrefaceviiYouwillalsobeabletoexploitthereviewprocessthattakesplacebeforetheconference,andofcourseyoucanincludethepresentationyouhavemadeinyourCV,inapplicationsforgrants,andingrantprogressreports.IsntJustAttendingaConferenceEnough,WhyIsItaGoodThingtoGiveaPresentation?

Allthenetworkingbenefitsareconsiderablyimprovedifyouhavegivenapresen-tation.Youwillfindthatpeoplewillcomeuptoyouafterthepresentationandaskformoredetailsorevensuggestcollaborationsthismeansthattheefforttomakeface-to-facecontactisprincipallymadebythemnotyou.Inanycase,ifyouhavegainedvisibilitythroughapresentation,thenyouwillfinditmucheasiertointroduceyourselftootherpeopleandbeginaconversation.WhatKindofPresentationsDoAudiencesLiketoSee?

Wetendtolikepresentationsthatareprofessionalandaredeliveredbysomeonewhoiscredibleandconfidentlookliketheywerepreparedspecificallyforusandmakeitimmediatelyclearwhyweshouldbeinterestedhaveclearslides,withminimaldetailandhelpfuland/orentertainingimagestellusinteresting,curious,andcounterintuitivethingsdontmakeusworktoohardtofollowwhatisbeingsaidtwoorthreemainpoints,lotsofexamples,andnottoomuchtheoryaredeliveredinafriendly,enthusiastic,andrelativelyinformalwayentertainusandinteractwithusWhatConstitutesaProfessionalPresentation?

A“professional”presentationisonewhereyouputtheaudiencefirst.Youthinkabouthowtheaudiencewouldmostliketoreceivetheinformationyouaregiving.Thekeytoaneffectivepresentationisthatyouhaveafewmainpointsthatyouwanttheaudiencetorememberandthatyouhighlightthesepointsduringthepresentationinaninteresting,andifpossible,enthusiasticway.Theimportantthingistoberelaxed.Tobecomemorerelaxed,thekeyistopreparewellandconcentrateonthecontent,notonyourEnglish.YourpresentationisnotanEnglishexaminationyourEnglishdoesnothavetobeperfect.Berealisticanddontaimfor100%accuracy,otherwiseyouwillbemoreworriedaboutyourEnglishthanaboutcommunicatingthevalueofyourresearch.viiiPrefaceWhatKindofPresentationsDoAudiencesNOTLiketoSee?

WetendNOTtolikepresentationswherethespeakerhasclearlynotpracticedthepresentationhasnoclearintroduction,aconfusedstructure,andnoconclusionsappearstobetalkingtohimself/herselfratherthanengagingwiththeaudiencereadstheslideshasaseriesofsimilarslidesfulloftextanddiagramsreliesonanimationsfailstoaddresstheaudiencesinterestandonlyseesthingsfromhis/herpointofviewistootechnical,toodetailedspeakstoofast,speakswithamonotone,speaksfortoolongshowslittleinterestinhis/hertopicWhatAboutPosters?

Aposterisagoodalternativetoapresentation,particularlyifyoufeelworriedaboutstandingupinfrontofalargeaudienceorifyourEnglishisverylowlevel.Thisbookdoesnotcoverpostersspecifically.HoweveryouwillfindusefulwritingrulesinChapter2,pronunciationrulesinChapter3,suggestionsonhowtoanswerquestionsinChapter16,andusefulphrasesinChapter17.Linkstowebsitesonthedesignandlayoutofposterscanbefoundin“LinksandReferences.”Forsuggestionsonhowtowriteinaconciseandreadablewayseethecompanionvolume:

EnglishforWritingResearchPapersPisa,ItalyAdrianWallworkContentsPartIPreparationandPractice1TenStagesinPreparingYourSlides.31.1Findoutaboutthepotentialaudience.41.2Identifyyourkeypoints/messages.51.3Prepareatwo-minutetalk.61.4Recordandtranscribeyourtwominutes.61.5Expandintoalongerpresentation.61.6Practicewithcolleagues.71.7Giveyourpresentationastructure.71.8Createtheslides.81.9Modifyyourscript.81.10Cutredundantslides,simplifycomplicatedslides.92WritingOutYourSpeechinEnglish.112.1WhyshouldIwriteaspeech?

Imgivinganoralpresentation,notawrittenone.122.2Useyourscripttowritenotestoaccompanyyourslides.132.3Useyourspeechforfuturepresentations.132.4Onlyhaveoneideapersentenceandrepeatkeywords.142.5Simplifysentencesthataredifficulttosay.142.6Donotusesynonymsfortechnical/keywords.152.7Avoiddetails/exceptions.152.8Avoidquasi-technicalterms.162.9Explainorparaphrasewordsthatmaybeunfamiliartotheaudience.162.10Onlyusesynonymsfornontechnicalwords.172.11Beconciseonlysaythingsthataddvalue.172.12Useverbsratherthannouns.182.13Avoidabstractnouns.182.14Avoidgenericquantitiesandunspecificadjectives.182.15Occasionallyuseemotiveadjectives.19ixxContents2.16Choosetherightlevelofformality.192.17Summary:

Anexampleofhowtomakeatexteasiertosay.212.18Tensetips.222.18.1Outline.222.18.2Referringtofuturepointsinthepresentation.232.18.3Explainingthebackgroundandmotivations.232.18.4Indicatingwhatyoudidin（a）yourresearch（b）whilepreparingyourslides.242.18.5Talkingabouttheprogressofyourpresentation.242.18.6Explainingandinterpretingresults.242.18.7Givingconclusions.242.18.8Outliningfutureresearch.253PronunciationandIntonation.273.1Understandthecriticalimportanceofcorrectpronunciation.283.2Findoutthecorrectpronunci