英语语法之直接引语变间接引语讲义.docx
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英语语法之直接引语变间接引语讲义
精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义
讲义编号_
学员编号：
年级：
初二课时数：
3
学员姓名：
辅导科目：
英语学科教师：
课题
语法专项：
直接引语变间接引语
授课时间：
备课时间：
教学目标
熟练掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法
教学内容
一知识梳理:
定义：
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”
直接引语：
直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。
例：
Hesaid:
"Itistoolate."
间接引语：
用自己的话转述别人的话，不需要引号。
例：
Hesaiditwastoolate.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
一、如何变人称：
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰时，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
如：
Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致；如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
如：
HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?
"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰时，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
如：
MrSmithsaid。
"Jackisagoodworker。
"→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。
二、如何变时态：
如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态；如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：
（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时
如：
Shesaid."Wehopeso."→Shesaidtheyhopedso.
（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时
如：
Shesaid."Hewillgotoseehisfriend。
"→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。
（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时
如：
Shesaid."Ihavelostapen."→Shesaidshehadlostapen.
（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时
（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时
（7）过去进行时不变，仍为过去进行时
如：
Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?
"→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。
[注意]
（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理或自然现象时，变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。
如：
Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."
→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语（具体的过去某年、某月、某日），变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。
如：
Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."
→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.
（3）如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。
如：
Hesaid,"I’maboy,notagirl."
→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.
（4）如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。
如：
Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."
→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.
（5）如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。
如：
Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."
→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.
（6）如果直接引语中含有情态动词must,need,hadbetter以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。
例如：
Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."
→TheteachertoldmethatImust（haveto）paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.
Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."
→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.
此外，转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬。
如当地转述here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go，如当天转述yesterday，tomorrow，thisafternoon均不必变化。
三、如何变状语以及某些对比性指示代词和动词：
直接引语变间接引语，状语，时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性指示代词和动词变化有其内在规津，都应作相应的变化。
时间状语now---then
today---thatday
thisweek（month,etc）----thatweek（month,etc）
yesterday----thedaybefore
lastweek（month）---theweek（month）before
threedays（ayear）ago---threedays（ayear）before
tomorrow----thenext（following）day
nextweek（month）--thenext（following）week（month）
指示代词this---thatthese---those
地点状语here--there
动词bring--takecome--go
四、如何变句型：
1.直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语应改为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。
Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI."-’Hesaid（that）Iwasyoungerthanhim.
Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序：
主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。
（1）一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if（whether）引导的宾语从句。
Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?
"
→Sheaskedmeif（或whether）Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.
Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?
"→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.
Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?
"
→Sheaskedmewhether（或if）Ihadseenthefilm.
"Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven‘tyou?
"mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.
（2）选择疑问句变为whether….or宾语从句。
Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?
"
→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.
"Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?
"→HeaskedmewhetherIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.
（3）特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?
"→HeaskedmewhereIlived.
Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?
"→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语改为不定式，即"tell（ask,order,beg，warn,advise等）sb（not）todosth."句型，不定式作tell,ask,order,beg,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语。
如：
Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.
Hisfathersaidtohim,"Don’tleavethedooropen."→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.
"Don’tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold（ordered）thechildrennottomakeanynoise.
"Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.
4.有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句
可以用suggest,insist，order等动词加以转述。
Hesaid,"Let’sgotothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.
Hesaid,"Let’sgotothetheatre."
→Hesuggested（our）goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe（should）gotothetheatre.
"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?
"heasked.
→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.
"Whydon’tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?
"heasked.
→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.
"Shallwelistentothemusic?
"heasked.
→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.
5.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导。
Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!
"
→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.
二巩固练习
容易题:
1.Ourteacheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.
A.bring B.brought C.bring D.tobring
2.Theteachertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.
A.notplay B.nottoplay C.played D.playing
3.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?
A.DoyouknowhowC.HowyouknowwhyB.Whydoyouknow D.Doyouknowwhy
4.Shelookssad.Couldyoupleasetellme_____thatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?
A.whatitis B.itiswhat C.howitis D.itishow
5.Bettyaskedhersister____totherailwaystationtoseeheroff.
A.nottocome B.nottogo C.tonotcome D.tonotgo
6.Thepupilaskedhisteacher_____roundtheearth.
A.weatherthemoongoes B.thatthemoonwent
C.whetherthemoongoes D.whetherthemoonwent
7.Mr.Li____WangLing____ataxitotheairport.
A.asked;take B.asked;taking C.told;take D.told;totake
8.Sheaskedhim____.
A.whosedictionarythisis B.whosedictionarythatwas
C.whosedictionaryisthis D.whosedictionarythatis
9.Mary’smotheraskedher_____.
A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomeworkB.ifshehasfinishedherhomework
C.ifshehadfinishedherhomework D.thatifshehadfinishedherhomework
10.Doyouknow____?
A.whatishedoing B.whathedoing
C.whatheisdoing D.whatdoeshedonow
11.Idon’tknow____tolearnEnglish.
A.whendidhebegin B.whenhebegan C.hewhenbeganD.whenhebegins
12.Heaskedme____.
A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrow B.whattheweatherwouldbelikethenextday
C.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrow D.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextday
13.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceSpringFestivalpresents.
A.howexcitedtheywere B.howexcitedwerethey
C.howtheywereexcited D.theywerehowexcited
14.Shetoldmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.
A.hadbeenseenoff B.haveseenoff C.havebeenseenoff D.hadseenoff
15.Doyourememberhowmanytimes____toAustralia?
A.hadyoubeen B.didyougoC.haveyoubeen D.youhavebeen
16.Canyouguess____?
A.whatisthatmanB.whothatmanisC.whomthatmanisD.whoisthatman
17.Moreandmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow____.
A.howimportanttheforeignlanguageareB.howtheforeignlanguageisimportant
C.howimportanttheforeignlanguageisD.howimportantistheforeignlanguage
18.Thehostesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.
A.was;had B.was;hadhad C.is;have D.is;havehad
19.Thebossaskedhissecretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.
A.if;ornot B.if;not C.whether;ornot D.whether;not
20.Iwonderhowmuch_____.
A.doeshespendonhiscar B.didhespendonhiscar
C.hespentonhiscar D.hespentinhiscar
中等题
把下列句子由直接引语变为间接引语
1．Hesaid:
“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”
2．Shesaid:
“Hewillbebusy.”
3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?
”
4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?
”
5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?
”
6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”
7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”
8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”
10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”
11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.’
12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.
13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”
14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”
15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.
16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenhe
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