养猪术语中英对照.docx

养猪术语中英对照.docx

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养猪术语中英对照

PorkGlossary养猪术语表

Englishswineterm:

英文养猪术语

Chinesename:

中文名

Definition:

定义

Abortion

流产

Theprematureexpulsionofdeadornonviablefetuses.

Afterbirth

胎衣

Placenta

All-in,All-outproduction

全进全出

Aproductionsystemwherebyanimalsaremovedintoandoutoffacilitiesindistinctgroups.

AnimalWelfare

动物福利

Theethicaltreatmentofanimals.

AI,ArtificialInsemination

人工授精

Impregnationbyartificialmeans.

AverageDailyGain（ADG）

平均日增重

Theaverageweightthatapiggainsperday.

Backfill

回填

Tomovesows/giltsbackintheflowtofillemptycrates

Barrow

阉公猪

Aneuteredmaleisabarrowandtheadultmaleisaboar.

Behavior

行为

Actionsdonebypigs,whichcanbeusedtoseenormalorabnormalactions.

Biosecurity

生物安全

Preventionofspreadingandgettingdiseasesintotheherd

Boar

公猪

Atermforamaledomesticswinesuitableforbreeding.

BodyConditionScore

体况评分

Scoringofasow/giltbasedonherbodycondition.

Breed

配种

Toimpregnate/mate

Brooder

暖风机

Asupplementalheatsourceusedinweanpigfacilities,forthepigsbenefit.

Catheter

输精管

A“straw”usedtoartificiallyinseminateasoworgilt.

Castrate

去势

Tosurgicallyremoveamalehog’stesticles.

Cervix

宫颈

Thelowernarrowportionoftheuterus,whereitjoinsthevagina.

Colostrum

初乳

Milkproducedbythemammaryglandsinlatepregnancywhichcontainsantibodiestoprotectthenewbornpig.

Collect

采精

To“harvest”semenfromaboar.

ConceptionRate

受胎率

Thepercentageofabreedinggroupthatbecamepregnant.

Cooling

冷却

Coolingsystemsnormallyinvolveevaporatingwatertolowerthetemperatureofthepigs.Generallyusedonlyforthebreeding-gestationherd.Coolingalsotakesplacebyairmovementinhotweather.

CoolCells

冷却水帘

SeeCooling.

CornBelt

玉米带

TheareaoftheUnitedStateswherecornisaprincipalcashcrop,includingIowa,Indiana,mostofIllinois,andpartsofKansas,Missouri,Nebraska,SouthDakota,Minnesota,Ohio,andWisconsin.

Crate

限位栏

Asteel“stall”whereanindividualanimalishoused.

Cull

淘猪

Ananimalthatisunfittostayinthebreedingherdandissenttomarket.

Denitrification

去硝化

Thebiochemicalreductionofnitrateornitritetogaseousnitrogen,eitherasmolecularnitrogenorasanoxideofnitrogen.

Discharge

恶露

Thesow’ssystemclearingtheuterus.Somedischargesarenormalandsomeareriddinginfection,etc.

Disinfect

消毒

Tosterilizeandkillallbacteria,virusesandfungus.

DockTail

剪尾

Toremovemostofthepig’stailatprocessingtoreducewelfareissuesinlaterlife.

Dump

清空猪舍

Toemptyahogroomorbarn.

EarNotch

耳缺

A“V”shapenotchedonapig’searasaformofidentification.

EarTag

耳标

Atagplacedinapig’searasamethodofidentification.

EstimatedBreedValue（EBV）

估计育种值

Apredictionofapig’sgeneticmeritrelativetootherpigsinthesameherd,basedoncertaindatacollected.

Extender

稀释液

Aliquiddiluentaddedtosementopreserveit’sfertilizingability.

Estrous

发情

SeeHeat

Euthanasia

安乐死

Painlesskillingtorelievesuffering.

EstimatedProgenyDifference（EPD）

后裔差异评估

Anevaluationofananimal’sgeneticworthasaparent.

Fallback

落后猪

Apigthatbecomesphysicallychallengedandfallsbehinditspenmates.

Fallout

妊娠失败

Apregnantfemalethatfallsoutofitsbreedinggroupbynolongerbeingpregnantordying.

Farrowing

分娩

Theperiodfrombirthtoweaning.

Farrowingcrate

分娩栏

Ametalenclosurethatasowisputintobeforefarrowingandstaysfor3-4weeks.

FarrowingRate

分娩率

Percent/femalesthatfarrowinagroup.

FarrowtoFinishOperation

自繁自育场

Aproductionsystemthatcontainsallproductionphases,frombreedingtogestationtofarrowingtonurserytogrow-finishingtomarket.

FeedBack

返饲

Acompositiongatheredfromfarrowinghouseandfedtopregnantsowsbeforefarrowingtohelpmaximizepiglethealthandminimizepigletdeathloss.

FeedConversion

饲料转化率

Howmanypoundsoffeedapigmustconsumetogainonepoundofbodyweight.

Feeder

料槽

Apieceofequipmentthatstoresanddispensesfeed.

FeedMat

饲料垫板

Amatwithaliparoundtheedgetokeepfeedfrombeingwastedwhilepigsarebeingstartedinanurseryorweantofinishfacility.

FeederPigOperation

育肥场

Breedersellspigsoutofthenurseryphasetoafinishingoperationtogrowthemouttomarketweight.

FeedMixture

饲料配比

Ingredientsofafeedration.

Finisher

育肥舍

Afacilitywherepigsaregrownandsenttomarketfrom.

FinisherPig

育肥猪

Productionphasebetweenthenurseryandmarket.

FinishingOperation

育肥场

Afacilitywherepigsaregrownandsenttomarketfrom.

FinishingUnit

育肥单元

Afacilitywherepigsaregrownformarket

Flushing

短期优饲（促进排卵）

Feedingafemalefullfeedinanattempttocauseherovariestoproducemorereproductiveeggs.

Foster

寄养

Takingapigletfromoraddingapiglettoasow.

FullFeed（AdLib）

自由采食

Unrestrictedfeed.

Gestation

怀孕/妊娠

The113to116dayperiodwhenthesowispregnantfrombreedinguntilfarrowing.

Gilt

后备母猪

Youngfemale,untilfirstservice/mating.

GiltDevelopmentUnit

后备母猪舍

Afacilityforthegrowthanddevelopmentofsuitablereplacementfemalesforaswineherd.

Grow-Finish

育成-育肥

Pigbetweennurseryandmarket,usuallytakes14-16weeks.

GruelFeeding

流食

Feedmixedwithwaterandfedtosmallorfallbackpigs.

HandMating

人工辅助配种

Anindividualfemalethatisreadytobebredisexposedtoanindividualboarinasmallpenforafewminutes,underthesupervisionoftheproducer.

HerdHealth

猪群健康

Thehealthstatusoftheswineherd.

Heat

发情

Referstotheestrousperiodforthesow.Thefirstestrousnormallyoccurs3to5daysafterthepigsareweaned.

HeatCheck

查情

Toplaceaboarinfrontofafemalehogandseeifsheisinstandingheat.

HeatLamp

保温灯

Alampthatservesasasupplementalheatsource.

HeatNoServe（HNS）

发情未配种

Agiltthatisfoundtobeinstandingheat,butisintentionallynotserviced.

HeatPad

保温垫

Apigpadthatgivesoffheat.

Herdsman

饲养员

Onewhomonitorsandcaresforaherdoflivestock.

HighPressureCleaning

高压清洗

Washingwithahighpressurewasher.

Hog

猪

Genericterm,usuallyappliedtogrowingswine.

HoopStructure

简易猪舍

Alowcost,uninsulatedandnaturallyventilatedbuildingusedforolderswine.Thefloorismostlyearthenandtypicallybeddedwithstraw.

Index

指标

Amethodofgradingpigcarcasses,andthegeneticvalueofthepig.

Induce

诱导分娩

Toinjectapregnanthogwithanagentthatpromotestheonsetoflabor.

Infertile

不孕

Incapableofcausingpregnancyorofbecomingpregnant.

InVitro

体外

Ofabiologicalprocessmadetooccurinacontrolledenvironment（Laboratory）ratherthanwithinalivingorganismoranaturalsetting.

Irradiation

放射消毒

Processofexposingfoodtoradiationtodestroybacteriaandimproveshelflife.

IsolationBarn

隔离舍

Barnwherereplacementanimalsarekeptforbiosecuritypurposes,beforebeingintroducedintotheherd.

Lactating

哺乳

Periodwhenasowisprovidingmilktoherpigs.

Lameness

跛脚

Havinganinjuredlegorfootthatmakeswalkingdifficultorpainful.

Lagoon

粪坑

Aman-madeearthenbasinfilledwithanimalmanure.

LateWeaner

超期母猪

Asowthathasnotcomebackintostandingheatby7daysafterweaning.

Legume

豆类植物

AnyplantoftheLegumefamily,especiallythoseusedfor,food,feed,orimprovingsoil.

Libido

性欲

Desireforsexualactivity.

LimitFeeding/restrictedfeeding

限饲

FeedingstrategyinwhichpigsarefedaspecificamountoffoodinaspecifictimeperiodVsfreeaccesstofeed.LimitfeedingiscommoninEurope,butnormallyonlyusedforgestationanimalsintheU.S.

Litter

窝

Thepigsthatarebornatonetimetoonesow-normally8-12pigs.

LittersperYear

年产窝数

Numberoflittersperyearpersow.

LiquidFeedingSystem

流食饲喂系统

Asystemthatproducesliquidfeed

LiveBorn

活仔

Pigsbornalive.

LiveWeight

出生重

Weightatbirth.

LooseHousingSystem

大栏圈养系统

Systemwhereanimalsarekeptlooseandnotinindividualcrates.

Manure

粪料/粪污

Animalwaste.

Marketing

出栏

Whentheyreachmarketweight,thegrow-finishpigsaresoldforprocessingtothepackingplant.

MarketHog

出栏猪

Ahogthathasbeenraisedtogotomarket.

MarketWeight

出栏体重

Thewindowbetweenthelowestandhighestacceptableweightsforamarkethogtoarriveatmarket.

Mastitis

乳腺炎

Theinflammationofbreasttissuewhichcanbecommoninsowsduringlactation.

MechanicalVentilation

机械通风

Theuseofmechanicalventilationfanstopullairthroughtheanimalbuilding.

Mummy

木乃伊胎

Apigthatdiesandisnotabsorbedwhileasowisgestating.

NaturalVentilation

自然通风

Buildingswithnomechanicalventilation.

Nitrification

硝化

Oxidationofammoniumtonitrate,

Non-ProductiveSowDays

非生产天数

Daysasowisneitherlactatingnorgestating.

Nursery

保育

Thegrowthphasefromweaninguntiltheyenterthegrow-finishbuilding.

NurseSow

奶妈猪

Asowwheresmallorchallengedpigsareplaced.

OutdoorSowHerds

散养猪群

Sowherdsthatarenothousedinaconfinementsystem.

Ovaries

卵巢

Femalereproductivegland.

ParkingRow

配种预留填补栏

Anareawhereapercentageofeachbreedinggroupisplacedtolaterbeusedtofillemptycratesinthegroupcausedbyfallouts.

Pen

圈

Mostswinearegroupedtogetherinpens,whetherkeptinashelterorinafencedopenlot.Thenumberofanimalspennedtogethermaybelessthan10toseveralhundred,butisnormallybetween15and30.

PenMating

大栏配种

Boarisplacedinapenwithgroupofsowstoallowforbreeding.

Pig

猪（青年猪）

Termusuallyappliedtoyoung,immatureswine.

Piglet

仔猪

Theoffspringofamaleboarandafemalesowarecalledpiglets,orjustpigs.

PigsMatedFemale（PMF）

配种母猪年产仔猪数

AveragenumberpigsproducedperMATED