华农微生物英文习题1.docx
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华农微生物英文习题1
Test1:
DevelopmentofMicrobiology
MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）
1.Thefundamentalunitofalllivingorganismsisthe:
■.membrane
■.cell
■.nucleus
■.cellwall
c
2.Organismsthatdonotcontainatruenucleusarereferredtoas:
■.fungi
■.eukaryotic
■.prokaryotic
■.nankaryotic
c
3.Thethreekingdomclassificationsystemoforganismswasproposedby:
■.Pasteur
■.Bacon
■.Winogradsky
■.Woese
d
4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycan.
■.chitin
■.phospholipid
■.protein
■.glucosamine
a
5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:
■.Ehrlich
■.Metchnikoff
■.Leewenhoek
■.Lister
c
6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeaccomplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms.Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibioticiscreditedto:
■.Lister
■.Fleming
■.Ehrlich
■.Koch
c
7.Theterm"antibiotic"means:
■.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells
c
8.ThefirstdocumenteduseofavaccineforsmallpoxwasreportedbytheEnglishphysician:
■.Lister
■.Florey
■.Fleming
■.Jenner
d
9.Activeimmunitycanbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:
■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies
■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens
■.Flemingdevelopmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'sownbody
■.developmentofantigensinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies
b
10.TheprocessofnitrificationbybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts:
■.ammoniatonitrateions
■.nitrateionstoammonia
■.N2toammonia
■.ammoniatourea
a
11.ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvectorisreferredtoas:
■.electroporation
■.conjugation
■.transformation
■.transduction
b
12.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:
■.RNA
■.DNA
■.protein
■.lipid
b
FillintheBlank
1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled_______
2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_______
3.Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the_______andthe_______.
4._______areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.
5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:
arecalled_______.
6.______aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.
7.______requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.
8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas______.answer
9.______areorganismsthatproducemethanefromCO2.
10.______organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity.
11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:
a.______b.______c.______d.______
12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:
_______.
13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof_______.
14.Virusesconsistof______surroundedbyaproteincoat.
15.Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoningandobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_____.
16.Thetheory_______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.
17.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganismsbymoderateheatingiscalled:
_______.
18.Theprocessoftyndallizationusesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor_______microorganismsfromsolutions.
19.An_______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.
20.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas_______.
21.Whitebloodcellsthatengulfforeignparticlesarereferredtoas______.
22.Asubstanceinserumthatcanneutralizeforeignmaterialisreferredtoas______or______.
23.Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled______thatinhibitsviralreplication.answer
24.Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedthattransformationofnonpathogenictopathogenicstrainsofbacteriacouldbecarriedoutbythetransferof______.
25.Exchangeofgeneticinformationbydirectcontactisreferredtoas______.
26.______istheprocessinwhichDNAistransferredfromonebacteriatoanother.
Test2MethodsforStudyingMicroorganisms
MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）
1.Lightmicroscopyisdependentontheinteractionoflightwithonobject.Theabilityoflighttopassthroughanobjectisreferredtoas:
■.transportedlight
■.transmittedlight
■.reflectedlight
■.refractedlight
b
2.Theresolvingpower（R）ofamicroscopeisdependentonthewavelengthoflight（;~）andthenumericalaperture（NA）ofthelens.TheformulaforRis:
■.R=0.5~.xNA
■.R=0.5;~/NA
■.R=NA/0.5Jr
■.R=Squarerootof0.5）./NA
b
3.Thegramstainuses~asamordanttofixtheprimarystain:
■.iodine
■.alcohol
■.acetone
■.safranin
a
4.Theacid-faststainisusefulintheidentificationofwhichofthefollowingorganisms:
■.Staphylococcusaureus
■.Mycoplasmamycoides
■.Mycobacteriatuberculosis
■.Moraxellaosloensis
c
5.Botulismisaseriousdiseasethatcandevelopfromtheimpropercookingoffoodcontainingbacterialspores.Whichofthefollowinggeneraarecapableofproducingspores?
■.Salmonella
■.Listeria
■.Escherichia
■.Clostridia
d
6.Whichofthefollowingtypesofmicroscopesutilizeselectronbeamstovisualizeobjects?
■.Nomarski
■.TEM
■.PCM
■.Confocal
b
7.Amixtureoforganismswasisolatedfromapatientsuspectedofhaving"StrepThroat."Whichtypeofmediawouldyouusetoisolatethesuspectedpathogen?
■.defined
■.enriched
■.selective
■.differential
d
8.Sterilizationofmaterialwithanautoclaveutilizessteamtokillmicroorganisms.Thecorrectprocedureforsterilizationwithanautoclaveis:
■.15minat121℃at15lb/in2
■.15minat256℃at15lb/in2
■.15minat121℃at1lb/in2
■.15rainat121℃at30lb/in2
a
9.Anantibioticwasaddedtoacultureofbacteriatodetermineitseffect.Whatmethodofenumerationwouldyouusetodeterminetheefficacyoftheantibiotic?
■.directcount
■.viablecount
■.turbidimetriccount
■.absorbance
b
10.Identificationofmicroorganismscanbeaccomplishedbyanumberoftechniques.Whichofthefollowingrequiresthegrowthoftheorganism?
■.enzymelinkedassay
■.geneprobe
■.metabolic
■.fluorescent
c
FillintheBlank
1.Amediawherealltheingredientsareknowniscalleda______media.
2.______techniqueisusedtomaintainapurecultureandavoidcontamination.
3.Sterilizationinstrumentthatutilizessteamunderpressure:
_______.
4.A______plateutilizesalooporneedletodistributeandisolatecoloniesonacultureplate.
5.______identificationutilizesantibodiesfornamingofbacterialspecies.
6.Bacteriacanbepreservedforlongperiodsoftimebyfreeze-dryingor______.
7.Themrbidimetricmethodofcountingbacteriautilizesa______tomeasuretheamountoflightpassingthroughasolution.
8.Theviableplatecountcountslivebacterialcoloniesintherangeor______to______.
9.Acountingchamberandamicroscopeareusedinthe______countofbacteria.
10.The______techniqueutilizesalabeledcomplementarystrandofnucleicacidtoidentifyspecificbacteriainaspecimen.
Test3:
OrganizationandStructureofMicroorganisms
MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）
1.Eukaryoticmembranescanbedifferentiatedfromprokaryoticmembranesbecauseeukaryoticmembranescontain____aspartofthelipidcomponentofthemembrane.
■.phosphates
■.fattyacids
■.proteins
■.sterols
d
2.Thearrangementofproteinsandlipidsinthemembraneisreferredtoasthe:
■.bilayermodel
■.fluidmosaicmodel
■.trilayermodel
■.permeablemodel
b
3.Themovementofwatermoleculesacrossthemembraneinresponsetoaconcentrationgradientisreferredtoas:
■.diffusion
■.osmosis
■.translocation
■.transport
b
4.Themembraneofacellisabletodifferentiatemoleculesthatenterorexitthecellandactasa____barrier.
■.semipermanent
■.semitransparent
■.semipermeable
■.semidiffuse
c
5.Movementofmoleculesatanenhancedrateacrossthemembraneiscalled:
■.facilitateddiffusion
■.passivediffusion
■.osmosis
■.permeation
a
6.Whichofthefollowingmechanismstransportsmoleculeswithoutchemicalalteration?
■.activetransport
■.grouptranslocation
■.facilitateddiffusion
■.bindingproteintransport
a
7.WhichofthefollowingtransportmechanismoccursonlyinGram-negativebacteria?
■.activetransport
■.grouptranslocation
■.facilitateddiffusion
■.bindingproteintransport
d
8.Whichofthefollowingtransportmechanismsoccursonlyinprokaryotes?
■.activetransport
■.grouptranslocation
■.facilitateddiffusion
■.bindingproteintransport
b
9.Lysozymeandpenicillinhaveactivityagainstthecellwall.Lysozymebreaksthiscomponent;penicillinpreventsitsformation.
■.lipopolysaccharide
■.phospholipid
■.peptidoglycan
■.teichoicacid
c
10.Partialdestructionofthecellwallwithlysozymeleavesacellcalleda:
■.protoplast
■.spheroplast
■.periplast
■.capsule
b
11.Acapsulecanbedifferentiatedfromaslimelayerssincethecap
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