工业工程技术培训01 Word 文档.docx

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工业工程技术培训01Word文档

2.线图(StringDiagram)或称为行程频率图(TripFrequencyDiagram)、行程表(TravelChart)。

(八)工厂布置规划(PlantLayoutPlanning)简介

1.工厂布置之规划程序

KeyInputs-P,Q,R,S,T&Activity-areas

2.活动关连(ActivityRelationship)

1.物流

(FlowofMaterial)

6.空间关连图(SpaceRelationshipDiagram)

3.关连图

(RelationshipDiagram)

4.空间需求(SpaceRequirement)

5.可用空间(SpaceAvailable)

9.计画方案评估

确立之工厂

布置计画

8.限制因素

7.修正

PlanX

PlanY

PlanZ

工厂布置计画方案

Relationships

Adjustment

Space

2.工厂布置规划之基础信息

代号

说明

P

ProductorMaterial

物品之特性和差异性

Q

QuantityorVolume

各单项物品之数量或体积

R

RoutingorProcess

物品之制造程序或流程

S

SupportingServices

orActivities

支持生产所必需之活动

T

Timeor

TimingConsideration

包括:

作业时间/期间、频率、

期限、季节性,…等等

 

3.工厂布置之型态

以制程为中心之工厂布置

以产品为中心之工厂布置

定位布置(FixedPositionLayout)

流线型布置(LineLayout)

制程布置(ProcessLayout)或称

批量作业布置(Job-lotLayout)

工厂布置之型态

 

4.关连图(RelationshipDiagram)

2

3

1

4

5

6

7

包装

出货

现场厕所

半成品存放区

成品存放区

生产区

品管部门

1

A

2

I

2

I

3

U

U

3

A

1

A

A

3

O

O

O

1

I

1

3

4

E

3

3

I

O

A

I

5

1

E

3

U

4

I

6

4

A

4

7

A

E

I

O

U

X

AbsolutelyNecessary

EspeciallyImportant

Important

OrdinaryCloseness

Unimportant

Undesirable

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

MovementofMaterials

ShareofSamePersonnel

Personnel

ControlofWork

5.关连分析(RelationshipAnalysis)

6

3

4

7

2E's

1

5

4

7

6

2

6A’s

1

2

3

5

7

6I's

2

6

5

4

3

4O's

2

1

4

5

6

3U's

 

6.工厂布置之着眼点

◎人性化观点:

〝人、机、物〞之和谐关系

◎安全性之设计考量

◎生产性观点:

〝人、机、物〞之最适组合

‧流动程序(Flowprocess)、动线:

Ship-To-Store,

Ship-To-Line,Make-TO-Shipment,Make-To-Order,etc.

‧流动频率:

JIT-Justintime

‧Load&Unload之次数/频率

‧搬运设备之效能

(九)缩短换线换模时间之要领简介

ImprovementApproach改善的手法

☆Four(4)Steps四个步骤

☆Two

(2)Categories两种类别

☆Four(4)Stages四个阶段

4Steps(四个步骤)

☆Preparation(准备)

☆(Re)placement(更换、装置)

☆Adjustment(调整)

☆Completion(完成、善后)

Step1Preparation(准备)

*DrawingUpChange-overInstructions.

-Operations.

-Toolsneeded(jigs,dies,moulds,etc.).

-Fastenersneeded(bolts,screws,washers,nuts,clamps,clips,etc.).

*Storage,MaintenanceandInspectionofToolsandFasteners.

*GatheringandPreparationofNewToolsandFasteners.

TransportofToolsandFastenerstotheProcess.

Step2(Re)placement(更换、装置)

*UnfasteningandRemovalofOldTools.

*PlacingtheNewTools.

*CenteringtheNewTools.

Step3Adjustment(调整)

*FasteningNewTools.

*SecuringtheNewTools.

*AdjustmentoftheNewTools.

Step4Completion(完成、善后)

*TransportofOldTools.

*Cleaning,GreasingandOilingTheOldTools.

*StorageofOldTools.

 

2Categories(两种类别)

☆On-lineChange-over(线内更换)

Change-overactivitiesInterruptingtheprocess.

☆Off-lineChange-over(线外更换)

Change-overactivitiesalongsidetheprocess.

 

 

1

 

2

 

3

 

4

On-linechangeover

Producing

productA

Producing

productB

 

2

 

3

On-line

Producing

productA

Producing

productB

Off-line

1

Off-line

4

4Stages(四个阶段)

AdvancedStage改进阶段

TransferredStage移转阶段

SeparatedStage分离阶段

IntermingledStage混合阶段

◎IntermingledStage(混合阶段)

*Noseparationbetween.

*On-lineandoff-lineoperations.

*Processisstoppedduringtotalchange.

*Newtoolsarebroughtinaftertheprocesshasbeenstopped.

*Neithertoolsnorfastenersareproperlymaintained,checkedorprepared.

*Toolsandfastenersarenottidystored.

◎SeparatedStage(分离阶段)

*On-lineandoff-lineoperationsarekeptseparated.

*Processisstoppedforon-lineoperationsonly.

*Allnecessarypreparationsarecompletedwhiletheprocessisgoingon.

*Achecklistisavailableforcarryingoutoff-linework.

*Maintenance,inspectionandpreparationoftoolsandfastenersarecarriedoutoff-line.

*Acheckismadewhethertoolsandfastenersworkproperly.

◎TransferredStage(移转阶段)

*On-lineoperationsaretransferredtooff-lineasmuchaspossible.

*Heightofdies,ramsandpressblocksarestandardized.

*Allfastenersandspannersarestandardized.

*Standardizedintermediateattachmentsareintroduced.

*Adjustmentofmachinesstrokesisavoided.

◎AdvancedStage(改进阶段)

*Bothon-lineandoff-lineoperationsareminimized.

*Dimensionsofalltoolsarestandardized.

*Handlingofmoulds,jigs,diesandformsisstandardized.

*Hydraulic,pneumaticormagneticfasteningisintroduced.

*Fasteningandadjustmentworkissimplifiedoreliminatedwhereverpossible.

*Cassettesareintroduced.

◎FromIntermingledtoSeparatedStage

*Makeacleardescriptionofallchange-overoperationstobeexecutedtoday(seeworksheet).

*Prepareasummarylistof:

-alltoolsneeded(jigs,dies,moulds,etc.).

-allfastenersneeded(bolts,screws,clips,etc.).

*Classifyalloperationsinto:

-off-lineactivities.

-on-lineactivities.

◎FromSeparatedtoTransferredStage

*Transferoperationsfromon-linetooff-lineasmuchaspossible.

*Theuseoffunctionalfasteners.

*Thepreviousinstallationofintermediateattachments,bolstersandfasteners.

*Introductionoffunctionaldialorpointerreadings.

WorksheetNr.:

WorkstationNr.:

Change-overfromto

Operation

Tools&Fasteners

Location

Steps

toberemoved

tobeplaced

Preparation

(Re)placement

Adjustment

Completion

off

on

off

on

off

on

off

on

 

◎FromTransferredtoAdvancedStage

*Improvementofhandling,transportandstoragemethods.

*Theuseofhydraulic,pneumaticormagneticmethodsforplacingand/orfasteningtools.

*Theeliminationofcenteringandadjustmentactivitiesbystandardisationof:

-dimensionofmoulds.

-machinestrokes.

-maleandfemalejigs.

-centeringandfasteningmethods.

*Improvemeasuringandgaugingmethods.

*Eliminationoftrialruns.

 

(十)IE改善心法

WaysofImprovingtheWorkThroughMotionStudy

-EASIERWAY-approach

Eliminateunnecessarymotions

Avoidmovesrequiringeyedirection

Shortenmotiondistance

Improve"get"motionsbypre-positioning

Employsimplefixtures,clamps,andguides

Replacehandoperationswithfoot-operateddevices

Why?

Questioneachoperation

Adapttwo-handmethod

Yes,thereisalwaysroomforimprovement

Hey!

Youare

workingtoohard!

(三)改善之要诀:

ECRS、6W

‧删除(Elimination):

删除不必要的作业或动作

‧合并(Combination):

将数个作业或动作合并,省略转交或取放。

‧重排(Re-arrangement):

将数个作业或动作重新安排,使作业或动作能平衡顺畅。

‧简化(Simplification):

将数个作业或动作加以改善,使其简化。

ECRSApproaches

基本「发问」

(PrimaryQuestions)

目的是什么?

(Whatisthepurpose?

何地完成?

(Whereisitdone?

何时完成?

(Whenisitdone?

由何人做?

(Whodoesit?

如何完成?

(Howisitdone?

进一步「发问」

(SecondaryQuestions)

为何必须做?

(Whyisitnecessary?

为何在那里完成?

(Whyisitdonethere?

为何在那时完成?

(Whyisitdonethen?

为何由此人做?

(Whydoesthispersondoit?

为何要如此做?

(Whyisitdonethisway?

可否删除?

(Canitbeeliminated?

可否合并?

(Canitbecombined?

可否重排?

(Canitberearranged?

可否简化?

(Canitbesimplified?

合并或重排下列项目:

♦地点(Places)

♦次序(Sequences)

♦人员(Persons)

StoryoftheBedauxSystem

I.StoryoftheBedauxSystem

In1911,Mr.CharlesE.Bedauxexperimentedwiththeideaofmeasuringallhumanphysicalworkintermsofacommonunit.

TheunitknownastheBedauxUnitofhumanpowermeasurementor“B”wastoconsistsofacombinationofworkandrest.

Theproportionsbetweenthesetwoitemsweredependentuponthephysicalnatureoftheworkandthesubsequentrestrequiredtocompensateforit.Astasksvaried,theratiooftheworktorestwithintheunitwastovary,buttheunititselfwastoremainconstantatatimevalueofonminute.

II.TheBedauxSystemor“E”System(UnitSystem)

The“UnitE”isthequantityofworkanexperienced,skilledworkercandoperminuteundernormalconditions,takingintoaccounttheinherentallowanceforrest,personalneeds.

III.The“M”System(UnitSystem)

TheUnit(M)istheamountofworkthatcanbecarriedoutinoneminutebyatrainedworker,undernormalcircumstance,andatnormalspeed,includingallowancesforinterruptionsasrestandpersonalcare.

TheUnit(M)doesnotrepresenttimeinthesenseofaclocktime,butitisratherameasureof“workquantity”or“laborcontent”.

IV.Expression

WorkQuantityorLaborContent=Work+Rest(Bedauxdefinition)or

=Work+TotalAllowance(Philipsdefinition)

Example:

LaborContent1M

TAF-totalallowancefactor:

1.14/1.18/1.2

LaborContentWork(NormalTime)TAF

1M(60seconds)=52.6seconds+7.4seconds(14%)

1M(60seconds)=50.8seconds+9.2seconds(18%)

1M(60seconds)=50.0seconds+10.0seconds(20%)

VIII.PerformanceRating

Performanceratingisexpressingnumericallythespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichanoperationisdone,inrelationtowhathasbeendefinedasnormalperformance.

Tempomeanstheintensityofworking.

InBedauxtime-studysystem:

Speedofthemovements

Tempo

Skillofthemovements(i.e.proficiency,usefuleffect,dexterity,efficiency).

IX.NormalPerformance

Normalperformanceistheperformanceofanaverageskilledworkerdoingajobundernormalconditionswithoutbeingstimulatedbyanincentivescheme.

Itmustbepossibletokeepthisperformancefromdaytodaywithoutexcessivephysicalormentalstrain.

Asareferencefornormalperformancecanbetaken,asteadydeliberateandunhurriedaverageperformanceofaperson,whowalksaround4.8Km(3miles)perhourordeals52playing-cardsin30seconds.

X.Remarks

-Unit(English)

-Einheit(German)

-Eenheid(Dutch)

-单位(Chinese)

-Esystem:

forPerformanceorTempo(60E,75E,80E)

-Msystem:

forLaborContentorWorkQuantity(5M’s,60.5M’s)

EffectsofWorkingConditionsondeterminingAllowance

Allowance

Value

Constantallowance

C-1

Personalallowance

5%

C-2

Basicfatigueallowance

4%

Variable

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