2翻译硕士英语考研模拟试题二.docx
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2翻译硕士英语考研模拟试题二
模拟试题二
PARTIGRAMMAR&VOCABULARY[60MIN](1×30=30POINTS)
Therearethirtysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Pleasechoosethecorrectanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersontheanswersheet.
1.Shehadastrong________togiveatalkaboutherexperiences,becauseshedidn’tlikethelimelight.
A.disinclinationB.dissolution
C.dissidenceD.dissension
2.Theeyetendstoseedistanceas________.Inpainting,thisissometimescalled“thevanishingpoint”.
A.conformingB.comforting
C.contrivingD.converging
3.Themanwenttoprison,butthetwoboys________withawarning.
A.tookoffB.gotoff
C.keptoffD.setoff
4.Althoughherinitialsuccesswas_________bythefactshewasthedaughterofafamousactor,thecriticslateracclaimedherasastarinherownright.
A.enhancedB.impededC.refutedD.superseded
5.Perhapsweshouldthinkintermsofraisinginterestrates______them,inconsiderationofthenewreportsaboutinflationreportedlastJune.
A.thenreducingB.andreduceC.althoughreduceD.ratherthanreducing
6.Thesymphony’ssecondmovement—slow,mournful,and________—isbasedonafuneralmarch.
A.frivolousB.effervescentC.vicissitudeD.ephemeral
7.Fewofustakethepainstostudyourcherishedconvictions;indeed,wealmosthaveanatural____doingso.
A.aptitudeforB.repugnancetoC.ignoranceofD.reactionto
8.Ifyouwaitforthe____momenttoact,youmayhaveneverbegunyourproject.
A.definitiveB.optimumC.implacableD.righteous
9.Myreadinginlaterlifehassuppliedmewithsomepossibleexplanationsofhis____.
A.temperatureB.temperamentC.temptationD.temperance
10.________ghostexistsintheworld.That’syourillusion.
A.NosuchathingasB.Nosuchathingasa
C.NosuchthingasaD.Nosuchthingas
11.Ididn’tlikemyself________inthatway.
A.tobepraisedB.praised
C.bepraisedD.tohavebeenpraised
12.________ananswer,theydecidedtosendanexpresstelegramtothem.
A.ReceivednotB.Havingreceivednot
C.NothavingreceivedD.Notreceived
13.Duringawar,manyofthenormalbasicrightsoftheindividualareinthenationalinterest.
A.disregardedB.infringed
C.suspendedD.stamped
14.Theofsocialsecuritybenefitsoftenfeelthattheyarecontributingmorethantheyinfactreceiveintermsofmedicalcare,pensions,etc.
A.receiptsB.receivers
C.recipientsD.payees
15.Manydiseasesthatusedtobeconsidered_________ofmankindarenoweasilytreatablewithantibiotics
A.scourgesB.blightsC.torturesD.thorns
16.SomehistoriansbelievethatJohnJaycouldhaveplayedinAmerica’shistoryasJamesMadison.
A.asanimportantroleB.asimportantarole
C.animportantroleasD.aroleasimportant
17.Cynicsbelievethatpeoplewhocomplimentsdosoinordertobepraisedtwice.A.baskinB.giveoutC.gloatoverD.shrugoff
18.Technically,negotiationoccursbetweenpeoplewhoareinterdependent,___________thattheactionsofonepartyaffectthoseoftheotherpartyandviceversa.
A.asmeansB.tomean
C.thatmeansD.meaning
19.TheChairmanwasevidently____________byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.
A.putdownB.putacrossC.putawayD.putout
20.Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomake____________forelderlypeopleintheirhousingprograms.
A.provisionB.preparationC.requirementD.specification
21.HewassointheTVprogramthatheforgottoturntheovenoff.
A.tarnishedB.revampedC.engrossedD.bequeathed
22.Penny’sspeechgivenatthestatecompetitionwonherthefirstprize.
A.promptitudeB.impromptuC.prorateD.natant
23.Overall,itisgoingtobecomemucheasierforpeopletocommunicate__________theNetCommunicatingwithothersinrealtimewillsoonbethenorm.
A.byB.inC.overD.onto
24.Ihadneverseensomanypeoplewithsomanydisabilities.Ireturnedhome,silently__________,thinkinghowfortunatewereallywere..
A.retrospectiveB.introspectiveC.perspectiveD.prospective
25.TheJapanesedollar-buyingmakestraderseagerto__________dollarsinfearofanothergovernmentintervention.
A.letinB.letoutC.letgoofD.letoff
26.TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering..
A.implicationsB.complicationsC.innovationsD,complexities
27.Asarule,what’sefficientinoneplacewillbeefficientinmostotherplaces,thusAmericanbusinessesarefiercecompetitorstheychoosetoselltheirproduct,havingbeenformedinacompetitiveenvironmentthatbreedsoptimality.
A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however
28.Allowingourcitiestobebycarshasprogressivelyaffectedchildren’sindependentmobility,forchildrenhavelostmuchoftheirfreedomtoexploretheirownneighborhoodorcity.
A.pervadedB.diffusedC.dominatedD.intervened
29.Whentheyoungmanrealizedthatthepolicehadspottedhim,hemadetheexitasquicklyaspossible,onlytofindthattwopolicemenwerewaitingoutside.
A.offB.fromC.towardsD.for
30.Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewouldconsiderablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.
A.resultfromB.settledownC.lieinD.leadto
PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION[60MIN](40POINTS)
PassageOne
TheRomanlanguageservedasthefirstmodelforansweringthequestion.EventosomeonewithnoknowledgeofLatin,thesimilaritiesamongRomanlanguageswouldhavemadeitnaturaltosuggestthattheywerederivedfromacommonancestor.Ontheassumptionthatthesharedcharacteristicoftheselanguagescamefromthecommonancestor,itwouldhavebeenpossibletoreconstructmanyofthecharacteristicsoftheoriginalcommonlanguage.InmuchthesamewayitbecameclearthatthebranchesoftheIndo-Europeanfamilycouldbestudiedandahypotheticalfamilytreeconstructed,readingbacktoacommonancestor.Thisisthetreeapproach.Thebasicprocessrepresentedbythetreemodelisoneofdivergence:
whenlanguagesbecomeisolatedfromoneanother,theydifferincreasingly,anddialectsgraduallybecomedifferentuntiltheybecomeseparatelanguages.
Divergenceisbynomeanstheonlypossibletendencyinlanguageevolution.JohannesSchmidtintroduceda“wave”model,inwhichlinguisticchangeswerelikewaves,eventuallyleadingtoconvergence;thatis,growingsimilarityamonglanguagesthatwereinitiallyquitedifferent.
Today,however,mostlinguiststhinkprimarilyintermsoffamilytrees.Itisnecessarytoconstructsomemodelsofhowlanguagechangemightoccuraccordingtoaprocess-basedview.Therearefourmainclassesofmodels.
Thefirstistheprocessofinitialcolonization,bywhichanuninhabitedterritorybecomespopulated;itslanguagenaturallybecomesthatofthecolonizers.Secondareprocessesofdivergence,suchasthelinguisticdivergencearisingfromseparationorisolationmentionedaboveinrelationtoearlymodelsoftheIndo-Europeanlanguages.Thethirdgroupofmodelsisbasedonprocessesoflinguisticconvergence.Thewavemodel,formulatedbySchmidtinthe1870’s,isanexample,butconvergencemethodshavenotgenerallyfoundfavoramonglinguists.
Now,theslowandratherstaticoperationoftheseprocessesiscomplicatedbyanotherfactor:
linguisticreplacement.Thatfactorprovidesthebasisforafourthclassofmodels,inmanyareasoftheworldthelanguagesinitiallyspokenbytheindigenouspeoplehavecometobereplaced,fullyorpartially,bylanguagesspokenbypeoplecomingfromoutside.Wereitnotforthislargecomplicatingfactor,theworld’slinguistichistorycouldbefaithfullydescribedbytheinitialdistributionofHomoSapiens,followedbythegradualworkingsofdivergenceandconvergence.SolinguisticreplacementalsohasakeyroletoplayinexplainingtheoriginsoftheIndo-Europeanlanguages.
31.Thecharacteristicsoftheoriginalcommonlanguagecanbedescribedonthebasisof.
A.thesimilaritiesamongRomancelanguages
B.thehypotheticalfamilytree
C.theprocessknownasdivergence
D.thecommonfeaturesofRomanlanguages
32.AccordingtoJohannesSchmidt,.
A.languageschangeonalargescalelikewaves
B.divergenceisnottheonlypossibletendencyinlanguagechange
C.languageevolutioncanbeexplainedintermsofdivergenceandconvergence
D.differentlanguageswillbecomeincreasinglysimilaruntiltheydevelopintoonelanguage
33.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph4that.
A.theredoesn’texistanysatisfactorymodeloflanguagechange
B.mostlinguistsexplainlanguagechangeonlyintermsofdivergence
C.mostlinguistsgenerallydon’taccepttheideaoflanguageconvergence
D.thefirstprocessinlanguageevolutioniscolonization,followedbydivergence
34.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Linguisticreplacementcanbeignoredforthelinguistichistorytobefullydescribed.
B.LinguisticreplacementcannotbeignoredinexplainingwheretheIndo-Europeanlanguagescomefrom
C.Becauseoflinguisticreplacement,theotherthreemodelsprovetobeincorrect
D.Comparedwiththeothermodels,linguisticreplacementisthemostimportantmodel
35.Thispassageisprimarilywrittento.
A.discusstheimportanceoflinguisticreplacement
B.introducetheoriginoftheindo-Europeanlanguage
C.explainthedivergenceoftheIndo-Europeanlanguages
D.introducemodelsconcerningtheoriginoftheindo-Europeanlanguages
PassageTwo
OfallthecatastrophesthatcouldbefallAmericainco