IT职场英语教学课件Unit 3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry.docx

IT职场英语教学课件Unit 3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry.docx

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IT职场英语教学课件Unit3MilestonesandGiantsinITIndustry

Unit3MilestonesandGiantsinITIndustry

I:

本单元教学目的：

1.通过背景讨论、阅读概念学习文章，充分了解Thompson和Ritchie如何设计和创建Unix，掌握行业术语；

2.通过案例分析文章阅读和学习，学生了解21世纪个人电脑历史上的几个里程碑以及对社会意义，并能完成课后的相关案例分析报告；

3.学生能够撰写商务新闻，并进行口头陈述

4.了解科技术语翻译

II:

练习题答案

PartOneConceptLearning

Task1ThinkbeforeYouRead

1.1Serendipity，是意外发现珍奇事物的才能，机缘凑巧的意思。

课文里Thompson认为Unix系统的产生是serendipity（P38），老师可以带领学生理解Unix的诞生过程，Thompson的不断实验和改进，引导学生讨论Unix的诞生是否是机缘巧合，学生的结论很可能两个答案都有支持者，正如JeffBezos和LouisPasteur的两句名言一样。

亚马逊的创始人JeffBezos认为一切发明也许都是机缘巧合，教师可以引导学生探究Bezos的成功路径，无论是早期投资谷歌公司，还是建立太空公司，还是目前进军硬件领域，每个决定都是他基于不断思考和创新，不怕失败的意志，绝非纯粹机缘。

LouisPasteur是著名的生物学家，他坚信每一个机会都青睐有准备的人，因为他一直在实验室中坚持着，他的成功就是因为做了比别人多的实验，不曾放弃。

1.2

Name

Achievement

BillGates

Makecomputeravailabletoeveryone

MaYun

LaunchE-commerceinChina

AlanMathisonTuring

Fartheroftheoreticalcomputerscienceandartificialintelligence.

StevenJobs

creativeentrepreneurwhosepassionrevolutionizedsixindustries:

personalcomputers,animatedmovies,music,phones,tabletcomputing,anddigitalpublishing

ZhangXiaolong

CreateWechat,QQmail,foxmail

其他10位IT行业先锋和领军人物以及他们的事迹（ppt里有）

1.MarkZuckerberg

MarkElliotZuckerberg （bornMay14,1984）isanAmericancomputerprogrammer,Internetentrepreneur,andphilanthropist.Heisthechairman,chiefexecutive,andco-founderofthe socialnetworking website Facebook. Hispersonalwealth,asofDecember2015,isestimatedtobe$46billion.

2.AlanTuring

AlanMathisonTuring（June1912–7June1954）wasapioneeringBritishcomputerscientist,mathematician,logician,cryptanalystandtheoreticalbiologist.Hewashighlyinfluentialinthedevelopmentoftheoreticalcomputerscience,providingaformalisationoftheconceptsofalgorithmandcomputationwiththeTuringmachine,whichcanbeconsideredamodelofageneralpurposecomputer.Turingiswidelyconsideredtobethefatheroftheoreticalcomputerscienceandartificialintelligence..

3.StevenPaul"Steve"Jobs

StevenPaul“Steve”Jobs（February24,1955–October5,2011）wasanAmericaninformationtechnologyentrepreneurandinventor.Hewastheco-founder,chairman,andchiefexecutiveofficer（CEO）ofAppleInc.;CEOandlargestshareholderofPixarAnimationStudios;amemberofTheWaltDisneyCompany‘sboardofdirectorsfollowingitsacquisitionofPixar;andfounder,chairman,andCEOofNeXTInc.Jobsiswidelyrecognizedasapioneerofthemicrocomputerrevolutionofthe1970s,alongwithAppleco-founderSteveWozniak.Shortlyafterhisdeath,Jobs’sofficialbiographer,WalterIsaacson,describedhimasthe“creativeentrepreneurwhosepassionforperfectionandferociousdriverevolutionizedsixindustries:

personalcomputers,animatedmovies,music,phones,tabletcomputing,anddigitalpublishing.”

4.MarvinMinsky

MarvinMinsky（August9,1927–January24,2016）hasmademanycontributionstoAI,cognitivepsychology,mathematics,computationallinguistics,robotics,andoptics.Hisconceptionofhumanintellectualstructureandfunctionispresentedintwobooks:

TheEmotionMachineandTheSocietyofMind（whichisalsothetitleofthecourseheteachesatMIT）.

HereceivedtheBAandPhDinmathematicsatHarvard（1950）andPrinceton（1954）.In1951hebuilttheSNARC,thefirstneuralnetworksimulator.Hisotherinventionsincludemechanicalarms,handsandotherroboticdevices,theConfocalScanningMicroscope,the"Muse"synthesizerformusicalvariations（withE.Fredkin）,andoneofthefirstLOGO"turtles".AmemberoftheNAS,NAEandArgentineNAS,hehasreceivedtheACMTuringAward,theMITKillianAward,theJapanPrize,theIJCAIResearchExcellenceAward,theRankPrizeandtheRobertWoodPrizeforOptoelectronics,andtheBenjaminFranklinMedal.

5.LinusBenedictTorvalds

LinusBenedictTorvalds（bornDecember28,1969）isaFinnish-Americansoftwareengineer,whoisthecreatoroftheLinuxkernelandforalongtime,principaldeveloper;thatbecamethekernelforoperatingsystems（andmanydistributionsofeach）,suchasGNUandyearslaterAndroidandChromeOS.Healsocreatedthedistributedrevisioncontrolsystemgit.Hewashonored,alongwithShinyaYamanaka,withthe2012MillenniumTechnologyPrizebytheTechnologyAcademyFinland"inrecognitionofhiscreationofanewopensourceoperatingsystemforcomputersleadingtothewidelyusedLinuxkernel".Heisalsotherecipientofthe2014IEEEComputerSocietyComputerPioneerAward.

6.JohnvonNeumann

JohnvonNeumann（December28,1903–February8,1957）wasaHungarian-Americanpureandappliedmathematician,physicist,inventor,andpolymath.Hemademajorcontributionstoanumberoffields,includingmathematics（foundationsofmathematics,functionalanalysis,ergodictheory,geometry,topology,andnumericalanalysis）,physics（quantummechanics,hydrodynamics,fluiddynamicsandquantumstatisticalmechanics）,economics（gametheory）,computing（VonNeumannarchitecture,linearprogramming,self-replicatingmachines,stochasticcomputing）,andstatistics.

Hewasapioneeroftheapplicationofoperatortheorytoquantummechanics,inthedevelopmentoffunctionalanalysis,aprincipalmemberoftheManhattanProjectandtheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton（asoneofthefeworiginallyappointed）,andakeyfigureinthedevelopmentofgametheoryandtheconceptsofcellularautomata,theuniversalconstructorandthedigitalcomputer.Hepublished150papersinhislife;60inpuremathematics,20inphysics,and60inappliedmathematics.

7.GordonEarleMoore

GordonEarleMoore（bornJanuary3,1929）isanAmericanbusinessman,co-founderandChairmanEmeritusofIntelCorporation,andtheauthorofMoore'slaw.

Moore'slawistheobservationthatthenumberoftransistorsinadenseintegratedcircuitdoublesapproximatelyeverytwoyears.TheobservationisnamedafterGordonE.Moore,theco-founderofIntelandFairchildSemiconductor,whose1965paperdescribedadoublingeveryyearinthenumberofcomponentsperintegratedcircuit,andprojectedthisrateofgrowthwouldcontinueforatleastanotherdecade.

In1975,lookingforwardtothenextdecade,herevisedtheforecasttodoublingeverytwoyears.Hispredictionprovedaccurateforseveraldecades,andthelawwasusedinthesemiconductorindustrytoguidelong-termplanningandtosettargetsforresearchanddevelopment.AdvancementsindigitalelectronicsarestronglylinkedtoMoore'slaw:

quality-adjustedmicroprocessorprices,memorycapacity,sensorsandeventhenumberandsizeofpixelsindigitalcameras.

8.BobMetcalfe

BobMetcalfe（bornApril7,1946）isbestknownforco-inventingtheEthernet,today’sstandardpacketplumbingfortheInternet,in1973andforfounding3ComCorporationin1979（mergedwithHewlett-Packardin2010）,anearlyproviderofInternethardwareandsoftware.StartinginJanuary2011,heholdsthepositionofProfessorofElectricalEngineeringandDirectorofInnovationatTheUniversityofTexasatAustin.

OnAug.3inBerlin,the InternetSociety inductedProfessorBobMetcalfeintotheInternetHallofFameforhissignificantcontributionstotheadvancementoftheglobalInternet.

ReadmoreaboutBobMetcalfeat

9.MichaelSaulDell

MichaelSaulDell（bornFebruary23,1965）isanAmericanbusinessmagnate,investor,philanthropist,andauthor.HeisthefounderandCEOofDellInc.,oneoftheworld’sleadingsellersofpersonalcomputers（PCs）.Hewasrankedthe41strichestpersonintheworldon2012Forbeslistofbillionaires,withanetworthofUS$22.4billionasofDecember2014.

In2011,his243.35millionsharesofDellstockwereworth$3.5billion,givinghim12%ownershipofthecompany.Hisremainingwealthofroughly$10billionisinvestedinothercompaniesandismanagedbyafirmwhosename,MSDCapital,incorporatesDell'sinitials.OnJanuary5,2013itwasannouncedthatMichaelDellhadbidtotakeDellInc.privatefor$24.4billioninthebiggestmanagementbuyoutsincetheGreatRecession.

10.DouglasCarlEngelbart

DouglasCarlEngelbart（January30,1925–July2,2013）wasanAmericanengineerandinventor,andanearlycomputerandInternetpioneer.Heisbestknownforhisworkonfoundingthefieldofhuman–computerinteraction,particularlywhileathisAugmentationResearchCenterLabinSRIInternational,resultingintheinventionofthecomputermouse,andthedevelopmentofhypertext,networkedcomputers,andprecursorstographicaluserinterfaces.

Engelbart'sLaw,theobservationthattheintrinsicrateofhumanperformanceisexponential,isnamedafterhim.

2.1FindouttheChineseequivalenttoeachofthefollowingtechnicalterms.

Englishtechnicalterms

Chineseequivalents

TuringAward

图灵奖

operatingsystem

操作系统

hierarchicalfilesystem

分层文件系统，递阶系统

command-lineinterpreter

命令行编译器

Thekernel

内核

almamater

母校

mainframecomputers

大型机

Sourcecode

源代码

2.2Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.

1.WhoisKennethThompson?

KennethThompsonisanAmericanpioneerofcomputerscience.HavingworkedatBellLabsformostofhiscareer,ThompsondesignedandimplementedtheoriginalUnixoperatingsystemandinventedtheBprogramminglanguage.

2.WhatistheprojectofMulticsoperatingsystemdesignedfor?

Multics（MultiplexingInformationandComputerServices）wasanexperimentaloperatingsystemforGE-645mainframe,developedin1960sbyMIT,BellLabs,andGE.

3.HowwastheideaofnowubiquitousUnixwasborn?

In1969,BellLabswithdrewfromtheMULTICSprojectandThompsondecidedtowritehisownoperatingsystemtorunhisgame.Withthehelpofhiscolleagues,theymadeexperimentwithsomeMul