大英5词汇.docx
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大英5词汇
Unit1
1.fluency:
n.asmooth,easyflow
ShespeaksSwahiliwithgreatfluency.她英语流利得可以用英语点菜。
ShehasenoughfluencytoorderamealinEnglish.
Collocation:
acquirefluency达到娴熟自如
demonstrate/displayfluency显示出娴熟的技巧
fluencyin…在……方面熟练自如
2.consolation:
n.（apersonorthingthatgives）comfortduringatimeofsadnessanddisappointment
Afterhiswifedied,hebegantotakeconsolationinwork.
Moneyisnoconsolationwhenyoudon’tlikeyourwork.要是不喜欢所做的工作，给的钱再多也没用。
ThegovernmentgotmanytelegramsandlettersofconsolationwhenthePresidentdied.
总统去世时，政府收到许多慰问电函。
Pattern:
It’saconsolationdoing/todo/that………是对……的安慰
3.frustrated:
adj.disappointed;discouraged
Asanurse,shegotveryfrustrated,butbeinganadministratorseemstosuither.
她做护士很不顺心，但当管理人员似乎倒很合适。
Filmdirectorsaresometimesfrustratedactors.电影导演有时是不得志的演员。
4.confrontedwith:
facedwith;broughtfacetofacewith
我面临很多困难。
Iamconfrontedwithmanydifficulties.
Theyoungscientistsdidn’tloseheartwhenconfrontedwithserioussetbacksintheirresearchwork.
5.scope:
n.theareawithinthelimitsofaquestion,subject,action,etc.;range
Theproceedingsoftheconferencecoverawidescope.
Doesfeministwritingcome/fallwithinthescopeofyourbook?
Thissubjectisoutside/beyondthescopeofourinquiry.这个问题不在我们探讨的范围之内。
6.cliché:
n.anexpressionorideausedsooftenthatithaslostmuchofitsexpressiveforce
“FatherTime”,“whiteassnow”,and“cheekslikeroses”areoldclichés.
“时间老人”、“洁白如雪”和“玫瑰似的面颊”等都是些老掉牙的套语。
7.context:
n.
1）wordsthatcomebeforeandafteraword,phrase,statement,etc.,helpingtoshowwhatitsmeaningis
Canyoutellthemeaningofthiswordfromitscontext?
Withoutacontext,Iwouldhaveassumeditwaswrittenbyaman.
2）circumstancesinwhichsth.happensorinwhichsth.istobeconsidered
We’dbetterassessapersoninthecontextofhistimes.
Inthecontextofthepresenteconomiccrisisitseemsunwisetolowertaxes.鉴于当前的经济危机，降低税率似乎不妥。
Pattern:
incontext在上下文中，连贯起来
outofcontext脱离上下文；割裂、孤立地
8.dedication:
n.self-sacrificingdevotion
Hehasalwaysshowngreatdedicationtothecauseofhumanity,justiceandpeace.
servethepublicwithdedicationandintegrity以无私奉献的精神廉正地为民众服务
9.disgust:
1）n.strongfeelingofdislikeordistaste
Tomydisgust,Idiscoveredthathewaseatingarawfish.
Hisdisgustatthegovernment’spolicycausedhimtoresign.
Thewashroomwassodirtythatsheturnedawayindisgust.盥洗室太脏，她厌恶地走开了。
2）vt.causedisgustinsb.
Theuseoftorturemustdisgustanycivilizedperson.
Collocation:
express/feel/hidedisgust表示/感到/掩饰厌恶
disgustat/with对……的厌恶
indisgust气愤地
toone’sdisgust使人感到愤慨的是
disgustthoroughly使……深恶痛绝
disgustsb.By以……使人感到厌恶
10.hopefully:
adv.inahopefulmanner
“I’msurewe’llfindit,”hesaidhopefully.
Hopefully,we’llarrivebeforedark.我们可望天黑之前到达。
11.guidance:
n.theactorprocessofguiding;adviceonvocationaloreducationalproblemsgiventostudents
Ineedsomeguidancewithmystudies.
ThisprojecthasbeenpreparedundertheguidanceofProfessorSmith.
Childguidanceisthesystemofhelpgiventochildrenwithsocialorpsychologicalproblems.
儿童指导制度对与人交往或心理方面有问题的儿童给予帮助。
Collocation:
provide/offerguidancefor为……提供指导（或咨询）
undersb.’sguidance在……的指导（或领导）下
givevaluableguidancein在……方面给予宝贵的指导
lookfor/seekguidance寻求指导
individualguidance个别指导
personalguidance亲自指导
vocationalguidance就业指导，职业咨询
12.reduceto:
force（sb.）into（doingsth.humble,unpleasant,ordishonourable）
Aloneandunsupported,theoldladywasreducedtobeggingforherliving.这位老妇人孤独无助，只能行乞为生。
Afteraviolentearthquakehitthedistrict,manypeopleinthelocalitywerereducedtosleepingintheopen.
13.inexplicable:
adj.incapableofbeingexplained
aninexplicablephenomenon
Theinexplicabledisappearanceofsomenonlocalseasonalwomenworriedeveryone.
几个外来女临时工失踪了，原因不明，这使大家十分担忧。
Theguestleftthehouseatthreeinthemorningforinexplicablereasons.凌晨三点客人莫名其妙地离开了房子。
14.refuge:
n.shelterorprotectionfromdangerordistress
Wherecanwefindrefugefromthestorm?
Drinkingwashisrefugefromunpleasantreality.
Lyingisanaturalrefugeforacriminalwhencornered.撒谎是走投无路的罪犯必然的一招。
Collocation:
offerrefugeto为……提供庇护
giverefugeto给予……庇护（或避难）
seekrefuge寻求庇护，避难
takerefuge避难；求助于；以（掩饰手段等）逃脱困境
thelast/finalrefuge最后的招数
15.counter:
v.oppose
Ihithimandhequicklycountered.
Hecounteredmyblow.
Hecounteredmyproposalwithoneofhisown.他提出自己的建议来和我的建议抗衡。
Shecounteredthatheradvicehadnotbeenheeded.她反驳说她的建议未被重视。
Pattern:
counterby/with通过……来对抗、还击
counteragainstsb.向……反击
16.given:
1）adj.specified,fixed
Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.
Theworkmustbedonewithinthegiventime.
2）prep.takingsth.intoaccount
Givenherinterestinchildren/Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.
考虑到他们缺乏经验这一点，他们的工作已经做得很好了。
Giventheirinexperience/Giventhatthey’reinexperienced,they’vedoneagoodjob.
17.define:
vt.explainthemeaningof;state,showordescribeclearly
TheOxfordDictionarydefinesthesportsmanas:
agoodfellow,apersonwhoisfairtoopponents.
ThepowersofthePresidentaredefinedintheconstitution.总统的权力在宪法里作了规定。
18.alternative:
adj.other;thatmaybeusedinplaceofsth.else
Itwilltaketimetodevelopalternativeenergysources.
CF:
alternative&choice
alternative指在相互排斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上中进行选择。
例如：
Iwantedtogoout,butIhadnomoney.Ihadnoalternativetostayingathome.我想出去，可是没钱，只能待在家里。
Anunhappyalternativeisbeforeyou,Elizabeth.YourmotherwillneverseeyouagainifyoudonotmarryMr.Collins,andIwillneverseeyouagainifyoudo.
伊丽莎白，你面前只有两种令人不快的选择。
如果你不嫁给柯林斯先生，你母亲会再也不愿见到你，而如果你要嫁给他，我会再也不愿见到你。
choice强调自由选择的权利或特权。
例如：
Thestoreoffersawidechoiceoffruitsandvegetables.商店有许多水果和蔬菜可供选择。
Ihadnochoice—theirdecisionwasfinal.我没有选择的余地——他们的决定已成定局。
19．practicable:
adj.capableofbeingdone,putintopracticeoraccomplished;feasible
They’vealreadytakensomestrongyetpracticablemeasuresagainstdangerousdrivers.
这虽然能做到，但在商业方面却并不适用。
CF:
practicable&practical这两个形容词都有“可行的”之意。
practicable强调某事实施的可能性，只限于修饰物。
可指计划、工程、方案、设计等的可能性和适用性。
例如：
TheX-rayisapracticablewayofdiscoveringunsuspecteddiseases.X光可用来发现潜伏病症。
practical既可形容具体的事物或抽象的概念，也可形容人，与人的实际生活、日常需求、具体条件相联系，强调适用性、实际可行性等。
例如：
Ineverythingheundertook,hedemandedautilitarianpurposeandapracticalresult.
他做任何一件事都本着功利的目的，要求有实际成效。
Theplanispracticable,butnotpracticalforit’stoocostly.这计划可行，但不实际，因为费用太高。
Unit2
1.descendant:
n.someonewhoisrelatedtoapersonwholivedalongtimeago,ortoafamily,agroupofpeople,etc.thatexistedinthepast
HewasadirectdescendantofNapoleonBonaparte.
ThecoastalareaswereoccupiedbythedescendantsofGreekcolonists.
HeisadescendantofQueenVictoria.他是维多利亚女王的后裔。
2.ragged:
adj.（ofclothes）oldandtorn;（ofpeople）wearingoldortornclothes
Althoughheworeraggedclothes,hewasnotparticularlydirty.
Ittellsthestoryofanoldmanwhohasanold,raggedhatwithholesinit.
Thebrimofhisraggedhathungdownandnearlyblockedhisentireface.
3.inhabit:
vt.ifanimalsorpeopleinhabitanareaorplace,theylivethere
Thewoodsareinhabitedbymanywildanimals.
Woodpeckersinhabithollowtrees.
Whoknowswhatdarkfearsinhabitthemindofamadman.谁知道一个狂人的内心里有着什么神秘的恐惧感。
4.drive:
vt.forcesomeoneintoausuallyunpleasantconditionorundesirablecourseofaction
Povertyandhungerdrovethemtosteal.
Thepainnearlydrovehermad.
Continualfailuredrovehimtodespair.连续的失败使他陷于绝望。
5.combat:
vt.fightorstruggleagainst
Tocombatinflation,thegovernmentraisedinterestrates.
Thepolicearenowusingcomputerstohelpcombatcrime.
CF:
combat,fight&struggle这些动词均有“战斗、对抗”之意。
combat除了泛指“与……战斗”之外，还可以在新闻报道中表示防止坏事情变得更糟糕。
fight最普通用词，含义广，指用暴力对抗。
struggle指进行激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争去获得某件东西。
6.notion:
n.anidea,belief,oropinion
Shehadonlyavaguenotionofwhatshewantedtodo.
Thetraditionalnotionofmarriagegoesbackthousandsofyears.
Ihavenonotionofwhatitmeans.我不知道这意味着什么。
Collocation:
haveagoodnotionof很懂得
havenonotionof不明白；完全不懂
haveanotionthat…认为
7.begearedtosb./sth.:
beorganizedinawaythatissuitableforaparticularpurposeorsituation
Thetypicalcareerpatternwasgearedtomenwhosewivesdidn’twork.
Educationshouldbegearedtothechildren’sneedsandabilities.
8.passforsb./sth.:
be（mistakenly）acceptedorconsideredas
Withmyhaircutshort,Icouldhavepassedforaboy.
Ican’timaginehowthisplacepassesforafive-starhotel!
Theserviceisdreadful.
HisEnglishissogoodthathecouldpassforanative.
Youcouldpassforateenager.你可以冒充十几岁的人。
9.concern:
vt.beabout
Thisstudyconcernscouples’expectationsofmarriage.
ThereportconcernsthedrugtrafficontheMexican-USborder.
Thisarticleconcernsamanwhowaswronglyimprisoned.这篇文章写的是一个被误抓入狱的人。
10.well-being:
n.afeelingofbeingcomfortable,healthy,andhappy
Agoodmealpromotesafeelingofwell-being.
Weareresponsibleforthecareandwell-beingofallourpatients.
Thewarmsunnyweatheralwaysgivesmeasenseofwell-being.
11.realistic:
adj.judginganddealingwithsituationsinapracticalwayaccordingtowhatisactuallypossibleratherthanwhatyouwouldliketohappen
It’sjustnotrealistictoexpectapromotionsosoon.
Youneedtoberealisticabouttheamountyoucandoinaday.
Theyweremuchmorerealisticaboutitslong-termcommercialprospects.
12.delegate:
n.someonewho
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