综合英语二 Book 2 Unit 5 Teachers Book.docx

综合英语二 Book 2 Unit 5 Teachers Book.docx

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综合英语二Book2Unit5TeachersBook

UNIT5

Animals

IDefiningandclassifyinganimals

Summaryoftaskfunctions&teachingfocus

Task

Taskfunction

Teachingfocus

Classifyinganimals—pairwork

Priming

•SsactivatetheircurrentknowledgeaboutanimalnamesinEnglish,animalbodyparts,andanimalcategorization.

Theanimalkingdom—reading

Target

•Sspractisereadingencyclopaediatextsforspecificinformationandusingtheinformationtomakeinferences.

Languagework

Linguisticanalysis

•Sspractisewritingformalandextendeddefinitionsofanimals.

Whichcategoriesdotheseanimalsbelongto?

—groupwork

Consolidation

•Ssidentifyanimalcategoriesandanimalcharacteristics.

Suggestionsfortaskadministration

1.HowmanyanimalnamesinEnglishdoyouknow?

—listing

✶Suggesttossthattheymayusethefollowingsentencepatternswhilereportingtheirlists:

Thereare___________（number）itemsinourlist.

Wehavelisted________________（number）animals.

2.Classifyinganimals

✶Remindssthattheyshouldfirstspecifytheircriteriaforclassificationbywritingthemdownonapieceofpaper.

✶Ssmayfindthefollowingsentencesusefulinthediscussion.

Ithinkthelistedanimalscanbedividedintowildanimalsanddomesticanimals.

WecangrouptheanimalsonthelistintoXcategories,whichare…

✶Ssmayclassifytheirlistedanimalsintomammals,pets,bigorsmallanimals,wildordomesticatedanimals.Encouragethemtothinkofasmanyclassificationcriteriaaspossible.

✶Whennominatingsstopresenttheircategorization,askthemtofirstexplainthecriteriatheyhaveadopted,andthereasonsforthecriteria.

3.Describinganimals

✶Asksstoobservetheimagesofthetableandthinkaboutwhatanimalspossessthosebodyparts.

✶Askssthefollowingquestionswhichcouldhelptheminternalizethevocabulary:

Whatisthedifferencebetweenahornandanantler?

Whatisthedifferencebetweenatuskandatooth?

Whatisthedifferencebetweenfur,hair,woolandskin?

Whatisthedifferencebetweenfeathersandscales?

Whatisthedifferencebetweenaclaw,apaw,andhoof?

Referencekey:

1

3）Arobin/duck/penguin/batisananimalwithwings.

4）A（n）antelope/deer/bull/rhino/sheephashorns.

5）Deer,rhinosandgoatshaveantlers.

6）Rabbits,miceandraccoonsareanimalswithfurs.

7）Thebodiesoflobsters,turtles,crabsandsnailsarecoveredwithshell.

8）Bothfishandyoungamphibiansbreathewiththeirgills.

1.Identifyinggeneralfeaturesofanimals—pairwork

✶Makesurethatthepairfinishestheirassignedreadingsfirst,thentheyneedtotransfertheinformationtheyhaveobtainedfromtheirreadingtofillthetableasmuchastheycan.

Key:

1

Theanimalkingdom

vertebratesinvertebrates

mammalsbirdsreptilesamphibiansfishinsectsotherinvertebrates

2

Vertebrates

Invertebrates

Mammals

Reptiles

Birds

Fish

Amphibians

Insects

Otherinvertebrates

Backbone

√

√

√

√

√

×

×

Lung

√

√

√

×

√laterphase

×

×

Gills

×

×

×

√

√earlyphase

×

×

Limbs/

Legs

four

somehavefour,somewithout

two

havefinsinstead

four

six

somehavenolimbs,somehaveavariednumberoflimbs

Wings

×

×

two

×

×

somehavewingsincertainphaseoflife

×

Blood

warm-blooded

cold-blooded

warm-blooded

cold-blooded

cold-blooded

cold-blooded

cold-blooded

Bodycovering

hair

scales

feathers

usuallyhavescales

skin

skin

skinorshell

Otherfeatures

（1）Mostliveonland,someinwater.

（2）Theyoungarebornliveandfeedonmilkofthefemaleparent.

（1）creeporcrawl

（2）shortlegs

（3）layeggs

（1）Mostbirdscanfly.

（2）layeggs

（1）liveinwater

（2）layeggs

（1）livepartlyinwater&partlyonland

（2）layeggs

（1）Mosthaveantennae.

（2）layeggs

（1）Someliveonland,someinwater.

（2）Somehaveasoftbody,somehaveshell.

3

1）Abirdisawarm-blooded,egg-laying,fleshandgrasseatinganimalwithabackbone.Itsbodyiscoveredwithfeathers.Birdshavetwolegsandtwowings.Somebirdsdon’tfly,forinstancepenguins.

2）Afishisacold-blooded,egg-laying,fleshandgrasseatinganimalwithabackbone,livinginwaterandhavinggillsforbreathing.Ithasfinsinsteadoflimbsandusuallyscalesonitsbody.Theseal,thewhaleandthedolphinareallmammals,althoughtheyallliveinwater.

3）Anamphibianisscalelessandhasskins,whileareptilehasscales.Intheearlierphaseofanamphibian’slife,itbreatheswithgillsandlivesinwater,butlateritsgillsdevelopintolungsanditbeginstoliveonland.Incontrast,areptilehasnogills;itbreathesbylungs.Seaturtlesarereptiles.Theyneverhavegills.

4）Aspiderisnotaninsect,becauseithaseightlegsinsteadofsix.Snailsarenotinsectseither.Theydon’thavesixlegs.Theyallbelongtootherinvertebrates.

2.Whatarethenewly-discoveredvertebrates?

—makinginferences

✶Ssareencouragedtodiscussingroupsof3or4.

✶Ssmayfindthefollowingexpressionsusefulinmakingtheinference:

IthinkAis…

Aisprobably…

Amay/might/couldbe…

✶Off-classresearchisalsoencouragedifsscannotagreewitheachotherontheinferences.

Referencekey:

Group

Example（s）

A

probablyamammal

whale,dolphinetc

B

probablyareptile

snake,cobraetc

C

maybeabird

eagle,hummingbirdetc

D

couldbeanamphibian

frog,salamanderetc

Writingdefinitions

✶Afterssreadtheintroductiontothewritingofformaldefinition,askthemtodefinetheconceptofeducationusingthepattern.

✶Nominatesomesstoreporttheirdefinitions,andpointoutthecommonproblemsthatthesedefinitionshave.Thismaynaturallyleadtothementionofthedifferencesbetweenexclusiveandinclusivedefinitions.Thefollowingnotesareforyourreference.

✶Whenwritinganextendeddefinition,ssshouldberemindedthatthetechniquesmentionedintheStudent’sBookareoptional,i.e.theydon’thavetouseallthetechniquesatthesametime.

Notes:

•ThekindofdefinitionsshavetowritehereisquitedifferentfromthekindofdefinitiontheyhavestudiedandlearnedtowriteinUnit4—thedefinitionofeducation.InUnit4,althougheducationinfacthasmanymeaningsorfeaturesandonecanhavemanydifferentdefinitionsofeducation,eachdefinitiongiveninUnit4focusesononlyoneofitsmeaningsorfeatures,andexcludesalltheothers.Thismaybecalledanexclusivedefinitionorone-ideadefinition.Thusinwritingadefinitionofeducationtheprocedureis:

1.Decidewhichoneofthefeatures（orideas）ofeducationyouwanttofocuson.

2.Writeyourdefinitionbydescribingthisparticularfeatureordevelopingthisparticularidea,whileleavingoutwhateverotherfeaturesorideastheremaybe.

•Withdefinitionsofanimalsorclassesofanimals,itisquiteadifferentmatter.Ananimaloraclassofanimalhasatleastseveralimportantdistinguishingfeatures.Ingivingitadefinitionyouneedtoincludealltheseimportantfeatures.Youcannotjustfocusononeandleaveouttheothers.Wemaycallthiskindofdefinitionaninclusivedefinitionormulti-ideadefinition.So,inwritingadefinitionofaclassofanimaltheprocedureis:

1.Bringupalltheimportantdistinguishingfeaturesoftheclassofanimalyouwanttodefine.

2.Writeyourdefinitionbydescribingthesefeaturesorexpressingtheseideas,takingcarenottoleaveoutany.

•Themostcommonformofanexclusivedefinition,isthebasicsentencepattern“S（subject）+V

（copularverb）+C（complement）”,e.g.Educationistodiscipline.Thedefinitioncangenerallybeconfinedtoonesinglesentence.

•Theinclusivedefinitioncallsforamoreexpandedpattern.Themaintrunkofthedefinitionusuallyfollowsthesame“S+V+C”pattern,usingthecopularverbtobetointroducethemostbasicideaofthedefinition,e.g.AmammalisananimalorMammalsareanimals.Then,sinceyouhavemanyideasorfeaturesthatyouwanttoaddtothedefinition,youneedtoattachthemasbranchestothetrunk.

•Therearedifferentwaysofattachingafeaturetoadefinitiontrunk.Themostcommonare:

（1）byreducingittoanadjective（e.g.cold-blooded,egg-laying）oraparticiple（e.g.livinginwater）;

（2）byusingtheverbtohave（e.g.have/hasgillsandnolungs）;（3）byusingtheprepositionwithorwithout（e.g.with/withoutwings）,（4）byusingtherelativewhich/that/who/whose（e.g.whichlive/livesonland）.Theabovearemeansbywhichyoucanattachthefeaturestothemaindefinitionsentence.Butsometimesyoumaydescribeafeaturebywritingaseparatesentence,especiallywhenthisfeatureappliesonlytopartoftheclassandnottheentireclass（e.g.Somehavefourlimbs,whilesomehavenone.）,orwhenthedescriptionofthisfeaturecallsfortheuseofanotherverb（e.g.Theycanfly.）.

•Meanwhile,inwritinganinclusivedefinitionwhichincludesmanyfeatures,youmusttrytoarrangethefeaturesinsomesortoflogicalorder,i.e.themostimportantfeaturesshouldcomefirst,andthosethatarerelatedinmeaning（forinstance,allthefeaturesthathavetodowithpartsofthebody）shouldcometogether.And,eventhoughthedefinitionincludesmanyideas,trytomakeitasneatandasconciseaspossible.

Referencekey:

1

1）Apenguinisablackandwhiteseabirdwhichcannotflybutusesitssmallwingstohelpitswim.

2）Acatisasmallanimalwithsoftfurthatpeopleoftenkeepasapet.

3）Afishisananimalthatlivesitswholelifeinwater.

4）Amosquitoisasmallflyinginsectthatbitespeopleandanimals,andsuckstheirblood.

2

1）ApenguinisablackandwhiteseabirdthatlivesintheAntarctic.