专题02 高考英语阅读理解说明文专练环境保护.docx

专题02 高考英语阅读理解说明文专练环境保护.docx

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专题02高考英语阅读理解说明文专练环境保护

专题022021年高考英语阅读理解说明文专练-环境保护

Passage1说明文|菲律宾一年要使用600亿塑料袋

AsurveyinthePhilippineshasshownthecountryusesa“shocking”amountofsingle-useplastic,includingnearly60billionsachets（小袋）ayear,anewreportsaidFriday.Thereport,producedbythenon-governmentalorganizationGAIA,ispartofanefforttocollectdataonplasticconsumptionasenvironmentalistspushforgovernmentactiontoreduceplasticwaste.

Itcontainsshockingfigures:

everyday,almost48millionshoppingbagsareusedthroughoutthePhilippines,addinguptomorethan17billionayear.Andthatfiguredoesnotincludethesmaller,thinnerandoftentransparentplasticbagsknownas“labo”bags—around16.5billionofthoseareusedperyearacrossthecountry,thereportsays.Thefiguresarebasedon21wasteassessmentsconductedin13citiesacrossthePhilippines,withthenationalfiguresproducedbyextrapolating（推断）fromlocalresults.

Morethanhalfofnon-recyclableplasticanalyzedinthesurveycamefromsachets—smallplasticpacketsoftenlinedwithaluminiumorcontainingothermaterialsthatmakethemnon-recyclable.SmallportionsofproductsrangingfromcoffeetoshampooareoftensoldinsachetsinthePhilippines,andareseenasanaffordablesolutionforconsumers.

ButGratesaidthepopularityappearedtobemorearesultofwhatisavailable,withwealthierconsumerssimplybuyingmultiplesachets.“Ifyougotothesupermarkets,it’srareforyoutobeabletobuycoffeeinbiggercontainers;it’sallinsachets,”hesaid.

Thesurveyisthefirsttimeanorganizationhastriedtoquantify（确定数量）sachetuse,andtheNGOhopestopressureboththegovernmentandindustrytotakeactiononcontrollingsingle-useplastic.Thereportfoundthatwherelocal-levelplasticbagbanshavebeenputinplaceandstrictlyenforced,usagehasdroppeddramatically.

Iturgedthegovernmentto“instituteacomprehensivenationalplasticbagbanthatpromotesreusablebags”.Anditwantsregulationsonothersingle-useplasticproductsandrulesrequiringcompaniestoredesignproductsandpackagingtominimizeplasticwaste.

28.What’sthepurposeofGAIAincarryingoutthesurvey?

A.Toshowhowshockingtheamountofplasticwastecanbe.

B.Togetpeopleandthegovernmentknowbetteraboutitsfinalgoal.

C.Tocollectaccuratenumbersofplasticbagsusedinthewholecountry.

D.Tohelpmakethegovernmenttakemeasurestoreduceplasticwaste.

29.Whycan’tmanysachetsberecycled?

A.Theyarenotmadeofonlyplastic.

B.Theywon’tlastlongafterbeingburied.

C.Theycostlesstobemadethanrecycled.

D.Theycannaturallychangetoasimplerchemicalform.

30.WhichisareasonforthepopularityofsachetsinthePhilippines?

A.Theycan’tbeeasilyafforded.B.Bigcontainersarerarelyavailable.

C.Shoppingbagsareoftentransparent.D.Theyaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.

31.HowcancompanieshelpreduceplasticwasteaccordingtoGAIA?

A.Byproducingfewerproducts.

B.Byinventingnewrecyclingmachines.

C.Bydonatingmoneytorecyclingcompanies.

D.Byusingaslittleplasticaspossibleontheirproducts.

【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.D

【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了非政府组织GAIA在菲律宾的调查显示，菲律宾一年要使用600亿塑料袋。

这一数据并不包括在全国范围内使用的165亿个labo袋，因为在菲律宾，咖啡或者洗发水都是以小袋装的形式售卖的。

非政府组织希望给政府及企业施压，不要使用如此多的一次性塑料。

同时也希望能制定一系列关于一次性塑料的规范及条例，以尽可能减少塑料污染。

28.推理判断题。

文章第一段最后一句提到“ispartofanefforttocollectdataonplasticconsumptionasenvironmentalistspushforgovernmentactiontoreduceplasticwaste”该研究的提出是为了环保主义者推动政府减少塑料浪费的一部分努力结果。

故D项正确。

29.细节理解题。

文中第三段提到“smallplasticpacketsoftenlinedwithaluminiumorcontainingothermaterialsthatmakethemnon-recyclable.”这种小塑料袋是加了铝或其他物质，所以才会很难回收。

如果成分仅仅是塑料，回收则相对容易。

故A项正确。

30.推理判断题。

文章第三段提到菲律宾的咖啡、洗发水等物都是使用小袋进行售卖的，这是相对消费者而言较为实惠的方法。

第四段也引用了Grate的观点“Ifyougotothesupermarkets,it’srareforyoutobeabletobuycoffeeinbiggercontainers;it’sallinsachets”，在菲律宾的超市里很少能见到用大的容器来贩卖咖啡的，都是用小袋子卖的。

故B项正确。

31.细节理解题。

文章倒数第二段提到“theNGOhopestopressureboththegovernmentandindustrytotakeactiononcontrollingsingle-useplastic.”非政府组织希望向政府和企业施压，控制一次性塑料的使用。

报告发现，在地方一级的塑料袋禁令已经实施并严格执行，使用量已大幅下降。

故D项正确。

Passage2说明文|乔治华盛顿大学的绿色校园系列环保政策

Collegestudentsmayfindagreenercampuswhentheyreturntoclassesthisfall.Someschoolsarcrepairingolderbuildingsandconstructingnewonesthatarcbetterfortheenvironment.Otherstepsincludeaddingwindandsolarenergysystemsandplantingvegetablegardens.

GeorgeWashingtonUniversity（GW）isaprivateschoolwith200.000students.Theuniversityhastwogardenswherestudentsvolunteertheirtime.OverthelasttenyearsGWhasdevelopedprojectsinthreemainareas-climate,waterandeco-systems.Theyhavebeguntocreateprojectsonthegroundtoaddressclimatechange,Theyareplanningonbecomingcarbon-neutral（平衡的）and,infact,reducingthefootprintbyfortypercentby2025,fromcreatingsolarhot-watersystemsonourrooftopstomakingourbuildingsmuchmoreenergyefficient.Theschoolalsooffers140differentclassesinsustainability（可持续性发展）andtheenvironment.

MarkOrlouskisaid."Weseenumberslikelessthan20%ofschoolhavingagreenbuildingpolicyfiveyearsago,andnowupwardsof80%ofschoolshavingapolicy,whichstatesthattheirnewbuildingswillbebuiltinagreenfashion.

GWislocatedintheFoggyBottomneighborhoodofWashington.SomeneighborssaythatwhileGWislayingtobeFriendliertotheenvironment,itcouldalsobeabetterfriendtotheneighborhoodTheschoolhasexpandedquicklyandtherehavebeentensionsbetweenstudentsandlocalresidents

28、Thegreenercampusprojectaimsmajorlyat.

A.welcomingstudentsinthenewtermB.repairingandconstructingbuildings

CaddingwindandsolarenergysystemsD.makingschoolsenvironmentallyfriendly

29.Whatdotheunderlined“ords"thefootprint"inParagraph3referto?

A.Theclimatechange.B.Thequantityofwater.

C.Theproductionofcarbon.DThemainareasoftheproject.

30.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph5?

A.Greeneffortshavealreadybroughtinbenefits.

B.Highschoolstudentspreferchoosingagreenercollege.

C.Greenbuildingpoliciesattractmorehighschoolstudents.

D.Collegesarcmakingeffortstomeettheneedsofstudents.

31、WhichoneoftheproblemsisGWnowfacing?

A.Ithasn'tbeensofriendlytoitsneighbors.

B.Therehavebeennogreenbuildingpolicies

C.Rainwatercollectingcoststoomuchmoney.

D.Thestudentsaremakingtoomanyefforts.

【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了乔治华盛顿大学的绿色校园系列环保政策及计划。

28.细节理解题。

根据文章整体内容及第三段OverthelasttenyearsGWhasdevelopedprojectsinthreemainareas-climate,waterandeco-systems.和Theschoolalsooffers140differentclassesinsustainability （可持 续性发展）andtheenvironment.以及文章最后一段SomeneighborssaythatwhileGWislayingtobeFriendliertotheenvironment可知，乔治华盛顿大学想要改善学校环境。

故选D。

29.词义猜测题。

根据文章第三段划线词后面的内容fromcreatingsolarhot-watersystemsonourrooftopstomakingourbuildingsmuchmoreenergyefficient.从创造太阳能热水系统在我们的屋顶使我们的建筑更加节能，从而可以猜测出，学校的这个计划是为了降低水量。

故选B。

30.推理判断题。

根据文章第五段SomeneighborssaythatwhileGWislayingtobeFriendliertotheenvironment,itcouldalsobeabetterfriendtotheneighborhoodTheschoolhasexpandedquicklyandtherehavebeentensionsbetweenstudentsandlocalresidents可知，绿色校园政策让学校发展得很快，从而可以推断出，绿色校园环保政策吸引更多的高中生。

故选C。

31.推理判断题。

根据文章第五段SomeneighborssaythatwhileGWislayingtobeFriendliertotheenvironment,itcouldalsobeabetterfriendtotheneighborhoodTheschoolhasexpandedquicklyandtherehavebeentensionsbetweenstudentsandlocalresidents可知，学校迅速发展造成了学生与当地居民的关系紧张，从而可以推断出，学校面临的一个问题是，学校的发展导致学校与当地居民关系不太友好。

故选A。

阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。

考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。

例如小题2要求猜测出thefootprint的含义，就是根据文章第三段划线词后面的内容fromcreatingsolarhot-watersystemsonourrooftopstomakingourbuildingsmuchmoreenergyefficient.从创造太阳能热水系统在我们的屋顶使我们的建筑更加节能，从而可以猜测出，学校的这个计划是为了降低水量。

Passage3说明文|一种新型的氢动力环保火车

   Theworld'sfirsthydrogen-poweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.TheybegancarryingpassengersMondayinGermany'snorthernLowerSaxonystate.Thenewtrainwillrun100-kilometertripsandcantravelupto140kilometersanhour.

   AFrenchrailroadcompanycalledAlstombuiltthetwotrains.TeaminGermanyandFrancecooperatedontheproject,whichwassupportedbytheGermangovernment.Thenewtrainmodel,calledtheCoradiailint,signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyandothernationstomoveawayfrompollution-producingdiesel（柴油）trains.

   TheCoradiaiLintisdesignedtorunonnon-electrifiedtrainlineswithlowlevelsofnoise.

   Itusesaprocessthatcombineshydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricalpower.Ifthesystemproducesmoreenergythanthetrainneedsatthattime,itcanstoretheextraenergyinbatteries.Theonlyemissions（排放物）arewaterandsteam.

   AsingletankofhydrogencanrunaCoradiaiLinttrainforabout1,000kilometers.Thisisverysimilartothedistanceadiesel-poweredtraincanrunonwithasingletank.

   Hydrogen-poweredtrainscostmorethandieseltrainstobuild.ButAlstomofficialssaytheoperatingcostsaremuchlower.Thecompanyplanstoprovideanother14CoradiaiLinttrainstoLowerSaxonyby2021.

   Theheadofrailroadoperationsinthearea,CarmenSchwab,praisedreplacingdieseltrainswithhydrogen.Shesaidthemovewasanimportantfirststepinusingclean-burningtechnologiestoreachclimateprotectiongoals.

   Officialssaythearea'smanywindturbines（涡轮机）willproducepartoftheenergytocreatethehydrogentopowerthetrains.

   AlstomsaysseveralotherEuropeancountrieshavealsoexpressedinterestindevelopinghydrogentrainsystems.Francehasalreadysaidi