高考短文改错分类解析与练习.docx
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高考短文改错分类解析与练习
高考短文改错分类解析与练习
一、高考短文改错分类归纳
.一致关系方面的错误。
一致关系方面的错误主要包括主谓不一致,时态不一致和代词的指代不一致。
谓语动词的单、复数形式要与主语保持一致,动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致,代词所指代的内容要与其先行词在人称、单复数、主格、宾格及所有格,以及自身所指代成分意义上保持一致。
主语和谓语不一致,时态与语境不一致,或者代词的指代前后矛盾,比如本该用主格用了宾格,或人称混淆的错误,这些都是一致关系方面常出现的考查热点。
Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.
IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedmeunderstandhowtheworldworks.
3、Theydidn'twantmetodoanyworkathome.TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI'llgetgoodmarksinallmysubjects.
4、forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplacethatIcouldn'tfind.
5、Hesaidheisbusy.
6、Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.
7、andtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.
8、Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.
9、Ijustsmiledtomeandthought.
10、Ilookedathisotherhands.
Keys:
1.is—are2.it--they3.didn't—don't4.them--it5.is--was
6.them--us7.anything--everything8.word--words9.me---myself10.hands---hand
一致关系方面的错误：
主谓不一致
Whatareyourfavouritesport？
2）Nobodyexceptmyparentsknowanythingaboutit.
3）Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.
Keys:
1.are—is2.主语为Nobody,谓语要用knows.3.is—are
一致关系方面的错误：
时态不一致
1）Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.
2）Theyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinks.Wehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughing
3）Hello,IlearnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacher,…
4）Iwillsendyouthephotoswetakelastweek.
5）Irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.
6）Shelooklikeenjoyingtheconcerttheotherday.
7）Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.
8）Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.
Keys:
1.drove—drive2..have—had3.learn—learned
4.take—took,定语从句中的时间状语是lastweek,是过去的时间,故take要改为took。
5.calm—calmed6.look—looked7.passes—passed8.reads—read
一致关系方面的错误：
语态不一致
1.Booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.
2.Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.
3.Shewasleavetosweepupaftertheparty.
4.Theirpaintingswerenotfullyunderstandbymanypeopleatthetime.
Hewastakeawayinanambulance.
Keys:
1.keep—kept2.giving—given3.leave—left4.understand—understood5.take—taken
一致关系方面的错误：
名词的单复数不一致
1）…andaskedmelotsofquestion.
2）Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths…
3）…andoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV…
4）Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess,…
Keys:
1.question—questions2.subject—subjects3.match—matches4.schoolmate—schoolmates
一致关系方面的错误：
代词的性、数不一致
1.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeel…
2.IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedmeunderstandhowtheworldworks.
3.Hedrovetoofast,andthepolicestoppedherandhandedhimaticket.
Keys:
1.his—their2.it—they3.her—him
一致关系方面的错误：
形容词和副词形式不一致
1.Thebadnewsmadeusfeelsadly.
2.Areyoucertainlythathewillhelpuschecktheinformation?
3.Thechildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andtheyplaygamesasgood.
Keys:
1.sadly—sad2.certainly—certain3.good—well
一致关系方面的错误：
语意不一致
1.Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.
2.Helikessports,butIlikemusic.
3.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.
4.Pickoutthewrongsentencesbutcorrectthem.
5.Workhard,oryou'llsucceedsoonerandlater.
Keys:
1.but—and2.but—while3.and—but4.but—and5.or—and
一致关系方面的错误：
逻辑关系不一致
1.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.
2.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.
3.Ialsoenjoyedthedayswhenwespenttogether.
4.Theoneswhatyoudecidenottokeepcanbetradedwithotherpeople.
5.Unfortunately,Iwon'tbeabletovisityouattheairportalthoughIhaveclassesintheafternoon.
Keys:
1.where—which2.which—that3.when—which\that4.what—which\that5.although—because
..连接手段方面的错误
连接不当会造成上下文不衔接。
英语中句与句连接一般使用并列连词或从属连词。
或若并列句,要判断句与句之间是并列、转折、选择、递进关系,还是让步关系。
、从而选择恰当的连词,若为复合句,首先应判断内含何种从句,然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否正确,是否有遗漏或多余现象,要注意句子结构的完整性。
1、IthinkIlikethoseclassesbecauseIfeltthattheyhelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks.
2、Inoneclass,Ilearneditrained.
3、Forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecakeheputinasecretplacewhereIcouldn'tfind.
4、Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.
5、justgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.
6、Hewassilentforamoment.Soheansweredslowly.
7.Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthemgrowingup.
8.Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.
9.MyclasswillbeoverbythenorIwillpickyouupthere.
10.Somefriendsofhisgotoseehimeveryday.
Keys:
1.what--how `2.it前加why3.find后加it4.we前加when5.but--and
6.So---Then/And7.but改为and8.去掉but9.or改成and10.they前加and
.平行结构方面的错误:
平行结构是指两个或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的词、词组或从句并列在一起的结构,在表达相互平行的概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,即动词与动词并列,形容词与形容词并列,不定式与不定式并列,短语与短语并列。
平行结构常使用等立连词and,but,or或连词词组notonly…butalso…,not..but,either…or…,neither…nor…,aswellas等。
Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.
2、Ifollowedheradviceandshouldputdown100wordsorsoeachday.
3、Shelikeditverymushandreadsittotheclass.
Keys:
1.visiting--visited2.去掉should3.reads--read
.非谓语动词形式的错误:
非谓语动词的考查是短文改错常见的热点和难点,比如含有介词to的动词短语后使用了动词原形。
介词后面本该用动名词,却用了动词原形,本该用现在分词做状语却用了动词原形或过去分词等现象。
主要是根据非谓语动词在句中的搭配,功能与表达的意义,判断在具体语境中该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词,判断to是介词还是不定式符号,判断接带to还是不带to的不定式,判断非谓语动词用现在分词、过去分词还是不定式等。
1.Theyweremade∧dothejobfrommorningtillnight.
2.…inmysparetime,butnowIaminterestinginfootball.
3.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso…
4.Myparentsloveme…andwilldoalltheycan∧makesure…
5.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwas….
6.Childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.
7.Butthentherearealwaysmoremysterieslookinto.
8.Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.
9.MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.
10.Hedidn'twantsharethingswithotherpeople.
11.Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.
12.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaper.
Keys:
1.do前要加to2.interesting改为interested3.play改为playing4.makesure前加to
5.talk--talking6.read--reading7.look前加to8.learn--learning
9.make前加to10.want后加to11.making--made12.talk--talking
.冗言方面的错误
造成冗言错误的原因主要由于汉英表达上的差异。
对英语惯用语在使用上的细微差异,主要考程度副词和频度副词。
如:
muchmore,often等的多余,介词的多余,语义的重复,固定搭配中多余的词以及由于受汉语的影响而多用了某些词语等。
Likemostofmyschoolmates,Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters--inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.
Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderthesameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.
Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouro'clockinthemorning.
Eveningcamedown.
5、ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese.
6、Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearly.
Keys:
1.去any2.去about3.去on4.去down5.去in6.去that
.冠词的使用方面的错误。
冠词是英语中特有的词,由于汉语中没有与之相对应的词,大家对它的用法感到难以掌握,高考英语短文改错题对冠词的考查几乎每年都有,但多数是考查其基本用法,如不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词不定冠词a,an与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中冠词的误用等等。
Forexample,whenIwasachild,therainwasamystery.
Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalktogether.
3、Aseveryoneknows,itisfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.
4、Becausetherearemorethehonorsandjoysinmylife.
Keys:
1.去a2.asame—thesame3.famous前加a4.去the
.名词的数与格方面的错误
汉语中的名词没有单复数形式。
英语则不同,如果英语的名词是可数名词,它有单复数形式。
一般来讲,不可数名词没有复数式。
1、Iusedtolovescienceclass—allofthem—biology,chemistry,geography,physics.
2、Theydon'twantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI'llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.
3、Therearearoundonehundredwomanworkersinthisfactory.
4、DoyouknowheisafriendofJohn?
5、Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.
Keys:
1.class--classes2.subject--subjects3.woman--women4.John—John's5.ideas----idea
.词语搭配方面的错误
这主要考查介词与动词,名词、形容词的固定搭配,副词与动词的固定搭配,及物动词后面介词或副词的多余以及不及物动词后面缺少介词,英语中的一些固定结构及习惯搭配等。
TheyeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestions.
I'dliketoyourpenfriend.
NowIcan'twatchtelevisionbutafewyearsagoIwasusedtowatchiteverynight.
SuddenlyIcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.
5.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily.
6.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.
7.Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.
8.Thegreatdiscoveryisgreatimportanceinscience.
9.Theartistisknownforeveryoneinthetown.
10.Hefailedbuthewantedtotrythesecondtime.
Keys:
1.eager前加were2.to后加be或become3.去掉was4.去掉a5.family改为home
6.去at7.keepmydiary—keepadiary8.is后加of9.for--to10.the改为a
.词性分辨方面的错误:
根据词在句中的位置与其它词的修饰与被修饰关系,判断词的正确使用形式,根据词在句子中不同的句法功能,使用与之相适应的词性。
Heneverhelpedother.
Butheisdifferencenow.
3.It'sveryimportancetoteachthechildrenaboutroadsafety.
Keys:
1.other—others或other—otherpeople2.difference--different3.importance—important
.行文逻辑方面的错误：
这主要测试行文中not的有无；come与go的误用;before与after的混用。
UncleBenwillalsogobackforChristmas.
2、IdidwakeupuntilIheardthealarmclock.
3、Iwasinspiredtoworkharderthaneverafter.
Keys:
1.go--come2.did--didn't3.after--before
高考短文改错练习：
1.NevershallIforgetthewritingclasspresentedtoourEnglishteachertoday.
YesterdayMrWang,ourEnglishteacher,toldusthatmanyotherteacherswouldvisitwritingclasshewouldpresenttous.Wewerelookingforwardtoit.ItstruckusasabigsurprisewasthatMrWang,whowasusedtobepunctual,didn’tappearwhentheschoolbellhadrung.Theteacherssitbehindtheclasswerequitep
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