计算机实验报告网络诊断.docx
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计算机实验报告网络诊断
计算机学院实验报告
课程 计算机网络
实验名称 网络诊断
实验地点
专业
班级
学号
学生姓名
一、实验目的
通过实验掌握网络诊断的一些常用方法，了解网络协议特别是TCP/IP协议基本知识。
二、实验内容：
网络诊断工具：
开始->运行->输入CMD然后回车->进入命令行状态->输入网络诊断命令,如果输出太长,可以用管道输出到一个文本文件中.
例如:
C:
>NETSTAT>T1//结果输出到文本文件中,然后,用EDITT1可以打开该文件.
三、实验环境
工作站：
WINDOWS2000PROFESSIONAL连通校园网，并可以访问INTERNET
四、试验过程与运行结果
1.了解媒体访问层（MAC）:
输入:
ipconfig/all观察输出结果
WindowsIPConfiguration
HostName............:
3a
PrimaryDnsSuffix.......:
NodeType............:
Unknown
IPRoutingEnabled........:
No
WINSProxyEnabled........:
No
Ethernetadapter本地连接:
Connection-specificDNSSuffix.:
Description...........:
RealtekRTL8139/810xFamilyFastEthernetNIC
PhysicalAddress.........:
00-1D-0F-19-8B-76
DHCPEnabled...........:
Yes
AutoconfigurationEnabled....:
Yes
IPAddress............:
192.168.43.110
SubnetMask...........:
255.255.254.0
DefaultGateway.........:
192.168.42.1
DHCPServer...........:
192.168.42.1
DNSServers...........:
202.96.128.86
LeaseObtained..........:
2011年9月1日10:
40:
01
LeaseExpires..........:
2011年9月1日22:
40:
01
ipconfig/release释放当前通过DHCP获得的IP
WindowsIPConfiguration
Ethernetadapter本地连接:
Connection-specificDNSSuffix.:
IPAddress............:
0.0.0.0
SubnetMask...........:
0.0.0.0
DefaultGateway.........:
ipconfig/renew释放当前通过DHCP获得的IP并重新获得一个IP
Ethernetadapter本地连接:
Connection-specificDNSSuffix.:
IPAddress............:
192.168.43.110
SubnetMask...........:
255.255.254.0
DefaultGateway.........:
192.168.42.1
ipconfig/displaydns显示DNS缓存的记录.
WindowsIPConfiguration
1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
RecordName.....:
1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.
RecordType.....:
12
TimeToLive....:
599941
DataLength.....:
4
Section.......:
Answer
PTRRecord.....:
localhost
----------------------------------------
RecordName.....:
RecordType.....:
5
TimeToLive....:
47
DataLength.....:
4
Section.......:
Answer
CNAMERecord....:
localhost
----------------------------------------
RecordName.....:
localhost
RecordType.....:
1
TimeToLive....:
599941
DataLength.....:
4
Section.......:
Answer
A（Host）Record...:
127.0.0.1
2.NETSTAT
netstat-a显示建立在一个接口上的各种TCP和UDP会话
ActiveConnections
ProtoLocalAddressForeignAddressState
TCP3a:
ftp3a:
0LISTENING
TCP3a:
http3a:
0LISTENING
TCP3a:
epmap3a:
0LISTENING
TCP3a:
microsoft-ds3a:
0LISTENING
TCP3a:
10263a:
0LISTENING
TCP3a:
10273a:
0LISTENING
TCP3a:
88883a:
0LISTENING
TCP3a:
netbios-ssn3a:
0LISTENING
UDP3a:
microsoft-ds*:
*
UDP3a:
isakmp*:
*
UDP3a:
3456*:
*
UDP3a:
ipsec-msft*:
*
UDP3a:
ntp*:
*
UDP3a:
1450*:
*
UDP3a:
1499*:
*
UDP3a:
3456*:
*
UDP3a:
ntp*:
*
UDP3a:
netbios-ns*:
*
UDP3a:
netbios-dgm*:
*
UDP3a:
1958*:
*
UDP3a:
1959*:
*
UDP3a:
4605*:
*
UDP3a:
51080*:
*
netstat-e显示以太网统计数据,包括有问题的数据包
InterfaceStatistics
ReceivedSent
Bytes1037852092556808
Unicastpackets842113107
Non-unicastpackets144116199
Discards00
Errors00
Unknownprotocols198
netstat-r显示本地路由表的内容
IPv4RouteTable
===========================================================================
InterfaceList
0x1...........................MSTCPLoopbackinterface
0x10003...001d0f198b76......RealtekRTL8139/810xFamilyFastEthernetNI
C
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
ActiveRoutes:
NetworkDestinationNetmaskGatewayInterfaceMetric
0.0.0.00.0.0.0192.168.42.1192.168.43.11020
127.0.0.0255.0.0.0127.0.0.1127.0.0.11
192.168.42.0255.255.254.0192.168.43.110192.168.43.11020
192.168.43.110255.255.255.255127.0.0.1127.0.0.120
192.168.43.255255.255.255.255192.168.43.110192.168.43.11020
224.0.0.0240.0.0.0192.168.43.110192.168.43.11020
255.255.255.255255.255.255.255192.168.43.110192.168.43.1101
DefaultGateway:
192.168.42.1
===========================================================================
PersistentRoutes:
None
netstat-s显示每个协议的统计数据
ICMPv4Statistics
ReceivedSent
Messages351333
Errors02
DestinationUnreachable680
TimeExceeded1060
ParameterProblems00
SourceQuenches00
Redirects00
Echos10323
EchoReplies1678
Timestamps00
TimestampReplies00
AddressMasks00
AddressMaskReplies00
TCPStatisticsforIPv4
ActiveOpens=958
PassiveOpens=272
FailedConnectionAttempts=798
ResetConnections=88
CurrentConnections=0
SegmentsReceived=6445
SegmentsSent=4365
SegmentsRetransmitted=1614
UDPStatisticsforIPv4
DatagramsReceived=135287
NoPorts=6418
ReceiveErrors=157
DatagramsSent=7070
IPv4Statistics
PacketsReceived=146333
ReceivedHeaderErrors=0
ReceivedAddressErrors=130411
DatagramsForwarded=0
UnknownProtocolsReceived=0
ReceivedPacketsDiscarded=0
ReceivedPacketsDelivered=145202
OutputRequests=13412
RoutingDiscards=0
DiscardedOutputPackets=0
OutputPacketNoRoute=0
ReassemblyRequired=0
ReassemblySuccessful=0
ReassemblyFailures=0
DatagramsSuccessfullyFragmented=0
DatagramsFailingFragmentation=0
FragmentsCreated=0
UDPStatisticsforIPv4
DatagramsReceived=135287
NoPorts=6418
ReceiveErrors=157
DatagramsSent=7070
3.ping
可以使用ping命令发送ICMP回应请求消息并记录收到ICMP回应回复消息。
使用这些消息，可以检测网络或主机通讯故障并解决常见的TCP/IP连接问题。
ICMP消息描述
回应请求：
确定IP节点（主机或路由器）能否在网络上使用。
回应回复：
回复ICMP回应请求。
无法访问目标：
通知主机数据报无法传递。
源减慢：
通知主机由于拥挤而降低发送数据报的速率。
重定向：
通知首选路由的主机。
超时：
指明IP数据报的生存时间（TTL）已到期。
C:
\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>ping
Pinging[58.63.236.39]with32bytesofdata:
Replyfrom58.63.236.39:
bytes=32time=11msTTL=50
Replyfrom58.63.236.39:
bytes=32time=11msTTL=50
Replyfrom58.63.236.39:
bytes=32time=11msTTL=50
Replyfrom58.63.236.39:
bytes=32time=11msTTL=50
Pingstatisticsfor58.63.236.39:
Packets:
Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0（0%loss）,
Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:
Minimum=11ms,Maximum=11ms,Average=11ms
C:
\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>ping
Pinging[210.38.160.5]with32bytesofdata:
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=5msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Pingstatisticsfor210.38.160.5:
Packets:
Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0（0%loss）,
Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:
Minimum=1ms,Maximum=5ms,Average=2ms
ping-t
Ping指定的计算机直到中断。
C:
\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>ping-t
Pinging[202.108.33.72]with32bytesofdata:
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=54msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=53msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=54msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=54msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=54msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=53msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=54msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=55msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=54msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=53msTTL=50
Replyfrom202.108.33.72:
bytes=32time=54msTTL=50
C:
\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>ping-t
Pinging[210.38.160.5]with32bytesofdata:
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=2msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time<1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time<1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time<1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=2msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time<1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time<1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time<1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=3msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time<1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=3msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=11msTTL=58
ping-a
将地址解析为计算机名。
C:
\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>ping-a
Pinging[210.38.160.5]with32bytesofdata:
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=2msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=2msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Replyfrom210.38.160.5:
bytes=32time=1msTTL=58
Pingstatisticsfor210.38.160.5:
Packets:
Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0（0%loss）,
Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:
Minimum=1ms,Maximum=2ms,Average=1ms
ping-llength
发送包含由length指定的数据量的ECHO数据包。
默认为32字节；最大值是65,527。
C:
\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>ping-l100
Pinging[58.63.236.35]with100bytesofdata:
Replyfrom58.63.236.35:
bytes=100time=12msTTL=50
Replyfrom58.63.236.35:
bytes=100time=12msTTL=50
Replyfrom58.63.236.35:
bytes=100time=13msTTL=50
Replyfrom58.63.236.35:
bytes=100time=12msTTL=50
Pingstatisticsfor58.63.236.35:
Packets:
Sent=4,Received=
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