农村劳动力转移文献综述 英文同名7401.docx

农村劳动力转移文献综述 英文同名7401.docx

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农村劳动力转移文献综述英文同名7401

农村劳动力转移文献综述英文（同名7401）

Ⅰ.Introduction

　ThetransferofruralsurpluslaborforceisthemainproblemfacingChina'smodernizationprocess.ThecontradictionbetweenthelandandthepeopleinChinahavebecomeincreasinglyprominentinruralareashasgeneratedalotofsurpluslabor.Excessiveruralsurpluslaborforcewillleddirectlytothelowefficiencyofagriculturalproductionandfarmers'incomes,restrictingtheconstructionofanewsocialistcountrysideandurban-ruralcoordinateddevelopment.Ruralmillionrurallaborersneedtobetransferred,thetransferofruralsurpluslaborisstillanarduoustask.Tocomprehensivelypromotetheconstructionofanewsocialistcountryside,thedifficultyisthetransferofruralsurpluslaborforce,thekeyistostrengthenthetrainingofrurallabor,andstrivetoimprovethecomprehensivequalityoftherurallaborforce,makepopulationpressureintohumanresourceadvantages,andthepromotionofrurallabortonon-agriculturalindustriesandurbanorderlytransferofafundamentalsolutiontothe"threeagriculturalissues"toachievetheharmoniousdevelopmentofurbanandruraleconomicandsocial.

Ⅱ.literaturereview

　（A）Foreignresearchtheoriesandperspectives

1.Lewismodelemphasizesthecontributionofindustrialhighproductivityoflabortransfer.Lewiscreatedadualeconomyofruralsurpluslabormodelinhisarticle"Unlimitedlaborsupplyundertheconditionsofeconomicdevelopment"publishedin1954.[1]assumethattheLewissurplusagriculturallaborwasanunlimitedsupplytheproductionsectorwasDividedintothetraditionalagriculturalsectorandruralcentercityasthecenterofthemodernindustrialsector,labortransferfromruraltourbaniscausedbythetransformationofthestructureofindustrialproductionledtotheemploymentthestructuraltransformation.Theaccumulationofcapitalmadethescaleoftheindustrialsectorcontinuetoexpand,thedemandforlaborisalsoincreasinglyexpanding,drivenbythehighmarginalproductivityofmodernindustrial,agriculturalsurpluslabortransfertotheindustrialsectorConstantly.Lewis'sdualeconomymodelshowsthedevelopmentprocessindevelopingcountriesistheprocessoftheagriculturalsectorshrinking,industrialsectorever-expandingwiththetransferofruralsurpluslabor.

2.JohnC.H.FeiandRanisstressedtheimportancetoincreaseagriculturalproductivityforlabortransfer.In1961,theAmericaneconomistJohnC.H.FeiandRanispublishedanimportantpaperentitled"Atheoryoftheeconomicdevelopment",onthebasisofLewis'sdualeconomymodel,theprocessthelaborflowtotheindustrialsectorisdividedintothreestages.ThefirststageissimilartotheLewismodel,thestateoflaborisinunlimitedsupply;thesecondstage,theagriculturallaborforcecontinuestodecreaseandagriculturalproductivitycontinuetogain,laborsupplydecreaseselasticity;inthethirdstage,theindustrialandagriculturalproductivityachieveabalance,zerovalueoftheagriculturallaborandlowthevalueoflaborcompletelydisappeared,tocompletethetransformationfromtraditionalagriculturetomodernagriculture.Themodelstakefullaccountoftheagriculturalself-developmentimpacttolabortransfer.FeiandRanisthatdirectlythinkthatanychangeinaproductionsectorproductivitymustberelatedtothesamerateofstrengthandqualityoftechnologicalrevolution,anyanalysisofthegrowthofthelaborsurpluseconomy,shouldfocusonnotonlychangesintheproductivityoftheindustrialsector,butalsoattentionthesameexpansionoftheagriculturalsectoratthesametime.

　　3.Jorgenson’sdoctrineofconsumerdemand-drivenlaborforcetransfer.Inthe"dualeconomy"publishedin1961,Jorgenson（DaleW.Jorgenson）pointedoutthattechnologicaladvanceswillpromoteindustrialandagriculturalsectorwagetoincrease,andthereforeindustrialandagriculturalwagelevelisnotfixed.ButJorgensonpointthatthewagegapisnottherootcauseoflabortransfer.In1967,Jorgensonpresentedtheviewofconsumerdemanddrivelabortransferinanarticleentitled"surpluslaborandbinaryeconomicdevelopment",thefundamentaltransferofrurallaboristhatconsumerdemandchanges,thetransferisbasedonagriculturesurplusratherthantheexistofthatmarginalproductivityiszeroorgreaterthanzerobutlessthantheactualincomelevelofthelaborforce.Peoplestayintheagriculturalsectorinordertomeetthephysicalneedsforagriculturalproducts,withthefarmproductsremaining,theagriculturalsectorwilllosethetensiononthelabor,sothelabortransfertotheindustrialsectorofmoreexuberantdemand.

　（B）Domesticresearch

Domestic"ThreeRuralIssues"expertsandscholars,theCentralPolicyResearch,PolicyResearchOfficeoftheStateCouncil,thevariouscollegesanduniversitiesandprovincialresearchinstituteshavecarriedoutalotofresearchworkandtheresults.

1.Industrializationandeconomicdevelopmentarealwaysaccompaniedbylarge-scalerural-urban（Rural→City）labormobility.Thisflowwillbringincomerises,theupgradingofindustries,andultimatelytopromotethemodernsectordevelopment,（NongZhu,2002）.InChina,alargenumberofruralsurpluslaborforcearetiedtothelimitedarableland,donottreatthemfromruraltransferredoutofreasonableuse,isnotonlyawasteoflaborresources,andmakethispartofthelaborforcehasbecomeaconsumptionofsocialwealth.The"TenthFive-Year"periodisthepeakperiodofgrowthinthelaborforceinChina,andforalongperiodoftimeinthefuture.Withthecontinuedincreaseofpopulationanddecreasingarableland,coupledwiththeadvancesinagriculturalscienceandtechnology,China'ssurpluslaborforce,willalsobeincremented.WiththeAgriculturalproductivityleveladvancing,laborrequiredinthecultivatedlandwillbegreatlyreduced.Thenumberofagriculturallaborandland,capitalandotherresourcescomparedsituationnodoubttherearealotofsurpluslaborintheagriculture（FengWen,SixueZhao,2004）

　　2.ThetransferofrurallaboristheproductoftherapidexpansionoftheinitialstageofindustrializationsinceChina'sreformandopeningup.Labortransferissimpletransferofemploymentspace,thenatureoflaborforcehasnotchanged,stillretainsitsstatusasfarmers,toretaintheland,isa"notencouragedfarmerstoleavetheirhomes,intothefactorycity"parttransferofrurallaborthejuniortransferorso-calledlabor"Theoncetransfer"."Theoncetransfer"ischaracterizedthattheeasterncoastaldevelopedareasarethemaininflowareasoflabor,labor'sownlevelofeducation,qualityfactors,andgoouttotheemploymentstructureofthelaborforceismainlyconcentratedinthemanufacturingandprocessing,construction,businessservices.Theinflowoflabormobilityperformanceoftheeconomyisrelativelydevelopedareastothemosteconomicallydevelopedregionsandbackwardregionstoeconomicallydevelopedareas（NaiquanLiu,2005）.Rurallaborforce,"Thetwicetransfer",alsoknownasthelabortransferagain,referstotheruralhumancapitalinvestment,improverurallaboremploymentskillsandabilities,relyingonthemarketmechanismandpolicyguidance,realizerurallaborfromthelaborintensiveindustriestocapital,technologyintensiveindustryandburgeoningindustry,thirdindustrialtransfer,occupation,identityandresidencemigrationflowconversionoccursimultaneously,lifestyleproducedsimplechange,entertownandbecometheself-runoccupationofurbanresidents（JiafuChen,2004）.

3.Labortransferwillhelptoimprovethequalityofurbanization.WiththeacceleratedpaceofChina'seconomicreform,moreandmorefarmersgetintothecitytomakealiving,thefarmersofalargenumbergoingtocity,largeandmedium-sizedcitiesinChinaenteredarapidperiodofexpansioninthe1990s,China'surbanizationlevelrapidimproved,butthequalityofurbanizationwasworryingus（TaizengRen,LiuyanLi,2004）.

（C）ReviewofresearchliteraturecontentThroughthearticleanalyzesandconsolidationaboutthelabortransfer,Ifoundthatdomesticreseachesofdomesticlabortransferanalyzedmainlyfromthe10aspects:

（1）thestatus,problemsandcountermeasuresofthetransferofruralsurpluslaborforceinChina;

（2）thefactorofrestrictingthetransferofruralsurpluslaborforceandcountermeasures;（3）industrialrestructuringandlabortransfer;（4）thetransferofrurallaborintheprocessofurbanization;（5）thequalityofthepeasantsonthetransferofruralsurpluslabor;（6）themechanizationofagricultureandrurallabortransfer;（7）China'sinvestmentinhumancapitalinruralareasandruralsurpluslabortransfer;（8）thedevelopmentofsmalltownsandagriculturallaborforcetransfer;（9）agriculturalsurpluslabortransferproblemandoutletintransitionperiodofChina;（10）usecomparisonofproductivitytoanalysisthetransferoftheagriculturallaborforceinChina.

　　Specificallyinvolvedcontentaresummarizedasfollows:

　　Theexistingproblemsofruralsurpluslaborforce,theconstraintsofruralsurpluslabortransfer,thecountermeasuresofruralsurpluslaborforcetransfer.

（1）thetransferpointofdepartureisnotstandardized,theconstraintsofthelevelofagriculturalproductivityandagriculturalburdens,andlowfarmincome.Vigorouslydevelopsmalltowns,theurbanizationprocess.

（2）transferprominentspontaneous,unorganized,chaoticorder.Theconstraintsofthelaboritself,thequalityofthefulluseofagriculturalresources,developtheagriculturalpotentialemploymentopportunities.（3）transferofasinglechannel,directlyundertheinflu