初中现在完成时讲解和练习.docx
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初中现在完成时讲解和练习
现在完成时
定义:
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.也可以表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态
现在完成时的结构
have/has+done()
如:
Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。
现在完成时的时间状语
ever,never,twice(once…),sofar(到目前为止),,already(肯定句),
yet(否定,疑问句),just(刚刚),before(以前),recently(近来)等词连用
2.Since+时间点,for+时间段,inthepast/lastfewyears
说明:
already与yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,并用于句中。
yet常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。
例如:
Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.
Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Theyhaveleft.(他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)
Ihavehadmylunch.(我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)
Ican'tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.
注意:
1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last
week,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用
现在完成时的用法
1/12
A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)。
例如:
Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。
(结果:
车子已在门口)
Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。
(结果:
窗户仍破着)
B.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。
例如:
Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr.Blackhaslivedinsince2002.自从____年Mr.Black一直住在xx。
Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
你来这里多久了?
用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词,句中谓语动词用现在完成时,时间状语为“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”。
如:
HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears.
HehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinaforthreeyears.他加入“绿色xx”已经三年了。
Theoldmandied4yearsago.----Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.
HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.----HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.
Iboughtthebook5daysago.----Ihavehadthebookfor5days.
表示时间段的短语有:
for+一段时间(for2years),since+从句(sincehecamehere),since+时间点名词(sincelastyear,since5daysago),howlong;foralongtime等。
现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
2/12
1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。
)
Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。
)
2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
…ago,lastweek/...
in2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday..then(那时),
thatday,oneday,once(从前)
现在完成时常和recently(近来),ever,never,twice,sofar(到目前为止),since,for,inthepast/lastfewyears,already(肯定句),yet(否定,疑问句),just(刚刚),before(以前)连用。
现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.
比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeenin
have(has)beento...表示“曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了”,可以和ever、never、twice等连用。
have(has)goneto表示“已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。
have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:
since,for,howlong等
HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了xx
Hehasbeento.他(曾经)到/去过xx.(但他人现在肯定不是在xx而是回来了)
HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去xx了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)
Mr.Brownhasbeeninforthreedays.xx先生来xx已经有三天了
3/12
六.过去分词
1、规则动词:
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。
live---lived---lived,
(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加“ed”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。
stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped
2、:
AAA型
burstburstbursthurthurthurtletletletcastcastcast
costcostcostcutcutcuthithithitputputput
shutshutshutspreadspreadspreadsetsetset
readreadreadread原形发音为/ri:
d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/
AAB型beatbeatbeaten
特殊情况
ABB型
bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtbuildbuiltbuilt
4/12
burnburntburntcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdug
feelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfound
hearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkept
laylaidlaidleadledledloselostlost
makemademademeetmetmetsellsoldsold
shootshotshotsitsatsatstandstoodstood
sweepsweptsweptteachtaughttaughttelltoldtold
thinkthoughtthoughtwinwonwon
ABC型
beginbeganbegunblowblewblownbreakbrokebroken
choosechosechosendrawdrewdrawndrivedrovedriven
drinkdrankdrunkflyflewflownforgiveforgaveforgiven
forgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozengivegavegiven
growgrewgrownknowknewknownrideroderidden
riseroserisenringrangrungshakeshookshaken
singsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswum
throwthrewthrownwritewrotewritten
buy----haveborrow-----keepgoout----beoutbegin-----beon
open----beopenclose-----becloseddie----bedead
★1.have代替buy
Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.
5/12
2、用keep或have代替borrow
Ihavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.
Howlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?
4、用haveacold代替catchacold
Tomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.
5、用wear代替puton
b)用“be+形容词”代
1、be+married代marry
2、be+ill代fall(get)ill
3、be+dead代die
4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep
5、be+awake代wake/wakeup
6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be+open代open
8、beclosed代close/shut
9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1“be+on”代start,begin2“be+up”代getup
d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto
常用瞬间动词变表:
6/12
→havebeeninsw./at…相应的介词
6.havegotup→havebeenup;7.havedied→havebeendead;
8.haveleftsw.→havebeenawayfromsw.
9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep;
11.havemarried→havebeenmarried;
12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.;
13.havebegun→havebeenon14.haveborrowed/bought→have
kept/had
15.havelost→haven'thad16.haveputon→haveworn
17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold;18.havegottoknow→have
known
19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy
→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty'smember/现在完成时练习
(一)
一、用过去时或现在完成时填空:
1.“_________you__________(have)lunch?
”“Yes.”
“When________you__________(have)it?
”“I____________(have)itat
12:
00.”
2.“_________you__________(write)alettertoyourauntyet?
”
“Yes,I___________.I________________(write)onelastweek.”
3.“_________he___________(finish)hishomework?
”“Notyet.”
4.“_________theyever__________(be)abroad?
”“Yes,justonce.”
7/12
5.Yourfather_________just___________(finish)hiswork.
6.Yourfather_________(finish)hisworkjustnow.
7.LasttermI__________(learn)manyEnglishwords.
8.They____________(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.
9.He_____________never____________(go)tothesciencemuseum.
10.____________youever____________(drink)coke?
11.Haveyou_____________(buy)adictionary?
““Yes,I__________.”
“Where______you___________(buy)it?
”“I_________(buy)itina
bookstore.”
“When___________you_____________(buy)it?
”“Yesterday.”
单项选择。
Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten
HaveyoumetMr.Li____?
A.JustB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago
—Howlonghaveyou____here?
—Abouttwomonths.
—Ourcountry____alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
Ahaschanged;wellBchanged;goodChaschangedbetterD.changed;
better
—______you___yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_____itamomentago.
A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished
C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish
8/12
We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew
HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____twice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
—Thesefarmershavebeentothe.—Really?
When_____there?
A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone
ZhouLang______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
Awas;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying
Hisfather______thePartysince1998.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
—Doyouknowhimwell?
—Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.
Hehas___beento,hashe?
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still
Hurryup!
Theplay__________fortenminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began
It___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.
A.IsB.hasC.willD.was
MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.
A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen
Myparents______fortenyears.
A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen
9/12
Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____?
A.sotheyB.don'ttheyC.havetheyD.haven'tthey
hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasinceheto?
C.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived
Hisuncleformorethan9years.
C.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity
0、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_____ita
momentago.
A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished
C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish
1、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
2、—Doyouknowhimwell?
—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.
23Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.
A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway
24.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.have
beenin
24.Thefactory__sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopened
C.wasopenD.opened
25.MaryandRose___friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeen
C.made
10/12
26.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.has
beenover
30.Howlong_______he________?
A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead
31.He_____ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.has
sleepD.hadslept
32.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad
33.-----Howlong_____you_____ill?
-----Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,
fellC.have,been
35.I'lllendyouthebook