新编英语教程 5 Unit 1 教案.docx

新编英语教程 5 Unit 1 教案.docx

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新编英语教程5Unit1教案

UnitOne

Text1

HITTHENAILONTHEHEAD

AlanWarner

Objectives:

tocomprehendthetextandtoknowtheimportanceofchoosingthe

rightwordsinwritingaswellasinspeaking,

tolearntheuseofanalogyinwritingandcomposeaparagraphusing

analogytohelpexplain.

SectionOne

Pre-readingQuestions

1.What’sthemeaningoftheEnglishproverbHitthenailonthehead?

Whatdoyouthinkthistopicsuggestsinthearticle?

In-readingInterpretation

Para.1

1.Telltheliteralandfigurativemeaningsof

hitthenail（squarely）onthehead:

（fig.）sayordoexactlytherightthing,makeapointorinterpretaremarkprecisely;guessright

drivesthhome:

（lit.）forcethenailintotherightplace

（fig.）makesthunmistakablyclear

2.Thispara.canbedividedintotwosections:

oneaboutthecarpenterorthedrivingofanail（ll.1-5）,theotheraboutthelanguagecraftsmanorthechoiceofaword（ll.5-8）.

Whichsentenceestablishesthelinkbetweenthedrivingofanailandthechoiceofaword?

（comp.3-1）

“Sowithlanguage;...firmlyandexactly.”

3.Explainandperformaccordingtothetexthowaclumsycarpenterandaskillful

onehammeranailintoaboxrespectively?

Aclumsycarpenterhitsthenailtooneside,thentoanother,andknocksitover,sofailstodrivethenailhome;whileaskillfulcarpenterhitsthenailsquarelyontheheadandeasilydrivesithome（lit.meaning）.

4.Thisisaboutthecarpenterinthedrivingofanail.Thefollowingisabouta

languagecraftsmaninthechoiceofaword.

Howdoesagoodlanguagecraftsman/userdoinusinglanguage?

Choosewordsthatdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly;aimatcleanEnglish

（preciseandclearEnglish–comp.2-1）;getthewordthatiscompletelyrightforhispurpose.Notuseawordthatismoreorlessright,aloosephrase,anambiguousexpression,oravagueadjective.（Alltheunderlinedwordsmean‘inexact’,‘inaccurate’.）

Inotherwords,agoodlanguageuserhitsthe（right）nailontheheadanddriveshispointhome（herefiguratively）.

5.Awordthatismoreorlessright,aloosephrase,anambiguousexpression,avagueadjective,willnotsatisfyawriterwhoaimsatcleanEnglish（=preciseandclear）.

AwriterwhoisparticularabouttheexactnessofanexpressioninEnglishwillneverfeelhappywithawordwhichfailstoexpressanideaaccurately.（LW6-1）

or,Awriterwhowishestoexpresshisideaspreciselywillnotusethewordswhichareinaccurate.Choosetousethoseaptvocabularies.

Para.2

1.Whatisthemeaningof‘apt’?

WhatdoesthisrefertoinTheFrenchhaveanaptphraseforthis?

（Comp.3-2）Whatisthe‘aptphrase’?

Apt:

well-suited,tothepoint

Thisinthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraphreferstothelastsentenceinthepreviousparagraph:

togetthewordthatiscompletelyrightforthispurpose.

lemotjuste=（French）thecorrect,rightword

2.WhoisGustaveFlaubert?

Howmuchdoyouknowabouthim?

（Lib.W.1）（referto[欧洲文学史],（下）pp.140-147）Whydoestheauthorsaythatheisascrupulouswriter?

G.Flaubert（1821-1880）,Frenchnovelist,wasassociatedwith,thoughnotrepresentativeof,themovementofnaturalismandknownasoneofthegreatestrealistsof19thcenturyFrance.Hismasterpieces:

MadameBovary包法利夫人，L’EducationSentimentale情感教育，LaTentationdeSaintAntoine圣安东尼的诱惑，纯朴的心

Heisconsideredasascrupulouswriterbecausehespentdaystryingtogetoneortwosentencesexactlyright.Hedevotedhislifetolonghoursspentinheavytoiloverhiswork.Hiswritingismarkedbyexactnessandaccuracyofobservation,extremeimpersonalityandobjectivityoftreatment,andprecisionandexpressivenessinstyle,ortheprincipleofthemotjuste.

2.Whyisitsohardtogetoneortwosentencesexactlyright?

TherearemanyandvariouswordsinEnglishlanguage.Theyaresubtleand

delicate.Theyhavedifferentshadesofmeaningandsometimesitisreallyhardtodistinguishtheslightdifferencesamongsynonyms.Soitisnotenoughtohaveawiderangeofvocabulary.Weshouldalsoknowtheexactmeaningofthewordsandchoosetherightwordssothatwecangetourmeaningaccurately.（ll.11-15）

3.Choosingwordsispartoftheprocessofrealization,ofdefiningourthoughtsandfeelingsforourselves,aswellasforthosewhohearorreadourwords.（LW.6-2）

realization=fulfillingone’sgoal,i.e.toexpressoneselfprecisely（comp.2-2）

definingourthoughtsandfeelingsforourselves=gettingtoknowwhatwearegoingtoexpress

forthosewhohearorreadourwords=forourlistenersandreaderstounderstandus

Toacertainextent,theprocessoffindingtherightwordstouseisaprocessofperfectionwhereyoutrytosearchforwordsthatmaymostaccuratelyexpressyourthoughtsandfeelings,andwordsthatmaymosteffectivelymakeyourlistenersandreadersunderstandyourthoughtsandfeelings.

Or,Usingtherightword/lemotjusteisoneofthestagesintheprocessinwhichweknowourthoughtsandfeelingsclearlyandexpressthemprecisely,andontheotherhand,makeourreadersandlistenerscatchwhatwethinkandfeelaccurately.Inotherwords,usingtherightwordcanhelpustoexpressourselvesexactly,toknowwhatwearegoingtotalkabout,andcanhelpourlistenersandreaderstounderstandus.

4.What’sthemeaningofHowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay?

Doyouthinkso?

Whydoestheauthorthinkitastupid-soundingquestion?

Andwhydoeshethink,however,thisistrue?

（Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatthereisagreatdealoftruthintheseeminglystupidquestion?

Whyorwhynot?

）（Comp.3-3）

Itmeans‘Ican’tgettoknowmyownthoughtsbeforeIputtheminwords.’（utteritorwriteitdown）

Yes,Ido.Howcanapersonnotknowhisownthoughts.Itsoundsirrationalthatapersondoesnotknowwhathehimselfthinksbeforeheseeswhathesays.

Thisistrueinthesensethatonlyafterwefindtherightwordstoexpressourselvesexactlycanwefindourownthoughtsclearly.Asamatteroffact,itisquitetruethatunlesswehavefoundtheexactwordstoverbalizeourownthoughtswecanneverbeverysureofwhatourthoughtsare;withoutwords,ourthoughtscannotbedefinedorstatedinaclearandprecisemanner.

Paras.3&4

1.Itishardworkchoosingtherightwords,butweshallberewardedbythesatisfactionthatfindingthembrings.（LW6-3）

Findingthemostsuitablewordtouseisinnosenseeasy,butthereisnothinglikethedelightweshallexperiencewhensuchawordislocated.

Or,Thoughitisnoteasytofindthemostsuitablewordtodrivehomeourpointsexactly,we’llgetsatisfied/bedelightedwhenwesucceedindoingso.

2.Theexactuseoflanguagegivesusmasteryoverthematerialwearedealingwith.（LW6-4）

Onceweareabletouselanguageaccurately,weareinapositiontofullyunderstandoursubjectmatter.

Or,Usingtheaptwordindicatesthatwecanfullyunderstandwhatwearedealingwith/talkingabout.

3.Telltheexamplesinparas.3&4andthepurposeofusingthem.

Theexampleinpara.3demonstrates:

onceyouareabletofindthemotjustetodescribethelimitationofthisfellow,youknowwhatsortofmanhereallyis.（ll.24-5）

Inotherwords,thereasonwhyyoucan’tfindtherightwordisthatyoudon’thaveaclearmindofthethingyouaregoingtodescribe.ThisexampleillustratesthepointHowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay?

inpara.2.

Sofromthisexampleofamansearchingfortherightwordforhisfeelingsabouthisfriend,weknowthatthefunctionthatwordsperformistodefineourthoughtsandfeelingsforourselvesandtodefineourthoughtsandfeelingsforthosewhohearus.（comp.2-3,C）

4.Theexampleinpara.4indicatesthesameviewpoint:

Youwillbeinadisadvantageouspositionwhensomeoneknowsyournamebutyoudon’tknowhis,becauseheisclearwhoheisdealingwithwhileyouaren’tsothathehasthekindofadvantagetocontrolyou,asthelastsentencestates:

Commandofwordsisultimatelycommandoverlifeandexperience.

Paras5-12

Intheseparas.specificexamplesaregiventodemonstratethesignificanceofhittingthenailontheheadincommunication.Telltheexamplesinyourownwords.Distinguishthefollowingpairsofwordsandsentences.

1.（para.5）Dohumanandhumanemeanthesame?

Whatarethemeaningsofhumanactionandhumaneaction,humankillerandhumanekiller?

human[`hju:

men]=of,characterizing,orrelatingtoman

humane[hju:

`mein]=characterizedbykindness,mercy,sympathy

Thus

humanaction=actiontakenbyman

humaneaction=mercifulaction

humankiller=personthatkillshumans

humanekiller=sththatkillsbutcauseslittlepain

e.g.-theDeclarationofHuman/HumaneRight?

-Helpingthatblindmantocrossthestreetisavery________thingtodo.（human,humane）

-Webelievein__________treatmentofprisoner.（human,humane）

humanity:

mankind,humannature,qualityofbeinghumane

humanism,humanist,humanitarian;humanize

Theiroriginisthesameandtheirmeaningsarerelated,buttheirusageisdistinct.i.e.Theyareofthesameorigin/root,butofsemanticdifference.

2.（para.6）Whatisthedifferenceinmeaningorusagebetweenanxietyandeagerness?

anxiety=akindofworryandfearaboutsththatwill/islikelytohappeninthefuture.

eagerness=sortofdesireorwish

Theyhavesomekinshipwitheachother,butcannotbesubstitutedbyeachother.

e.g.-Myanxietygrewwhenmy7-year-oldsonhadn’treturnedbynightfall.

-Notknowingwhetherornothewouldbeadmittedtotheuniversitycausedthewholefamilygreatanxiety.

-Whentheboxofchocolateispassedaround,Davidis