届高考英语一轮复习 分块专项练习13阅读理解 词义猜测一.docx

届高考英语一轮复习 分块专项练习13阅读理解 词义猜测一.docx

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届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习13阅读理解词义猜测一

阅读理解：

词义猜测

（一）

A

BothofmyparentsworkedfulltimewhenIwasalittlegirl,somygrandmotherwouldstayatourhouseduringthedays.Wewouldwatchgameshowsinthelivingroom.OurfavoritewasThePriceisRight.Wewouldcalloutouranswersalongwiththecontestants.

WhenIgotolderandstartedgoingtoschool,wecouldn'twatchourgameshowsregularly.Thatwasokaywithme,though,becausetheonethingIlikedbetterthanwatchinggameshowswithmygrandmotherwashelpingherbake（烘烤）cakes.Watchingherinthekitchenwasamazing:

sheneverseemedtoneedtherecipesbuteverythingshemadetasteddelicious.

AtfirstIwouldjustsitinthekitchenandwatch,eventhoughIdidn'tunderstandwhatshewasdoing.AsIgotolder,sheletmehelpwiththeeasyparts,suchasmeasuringthesugar.Thedaysheletmeseparatetheeggs,IfeltlikeIhadfoundcompletepleasure.

Atlast,myparentsdecidedthatIcouldtakecareofmyself,andmygrandmotherstoppedcomingovereveryday.Theloveofbaking,however,stayedwithme.Istartedbakingbymyself,andevenifthecookiesendedupburntsometimes,moreoftentheyturnedoutprettywell.Itriedoutnewrecipes,andwheneverIgottoathornypart,Iwouldcallmygrandmotherforadvice.SometimesIwouldcallherjusttotalk,too.IfeltlikeIcouldtalktoheraboutanything.

Mygrandmotherpassedawaytenyearsago,butIstillthinkofhereveryday.Lastweek,Ifoundarecipebookshemadeforme.Itincludedherrecipesforbrownies,cookies,andmyfavorite,lemonpie.AsIlookedthroughthepages,IthoughtIcouldhearhervoice.Shewastheonewhotaughtmenotjustaboutbaking,butaboutlife.

语篇解读：

文章讲述了作者小时候由于父母忙于工作，奶奶每天来照顾她的经历。

在这个过程中，奶奶教会了她烘烤和烹饪，她对此也是乐此不疲。

文中字里行间充满了对奶奶的怀念。

1．Thepassageismainlydevelopedby________.

A．analyzingcauses

B．makingcomparisons

C．examiningdifferences

D．followingthetimeorder

解析：

选D　推理判断题。

根据文章每一段的关键词：

“

（1）whenIwasalittlegirl;

（2）WhenIgotolderandstartedgoingtoschool;（3）AsIgotolder;（4）myparentsdecidedthatIcouldtakecareofmyself”可知，文章主要是以时间顺序为线索来写的。

故选D项。

2．Whilehelpinghergrandmotherbake,theauthor________.

A．turnedouttobeatroublemaker

B．founditinterestingandappealing

C．hopedtomakealivingbybaking

D．regrettedmissingthegameshows

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段最后一句中的“Watchingherinthekitchenwasamazing...”及第三段最后一句中的“Ihadfoundcompletepleasure...”可知，在帮助奶奶烘烤的过程中，作者觉得很有趣、很有吸引力。

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thorny”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A．Basic.　　　　　　　B．Common.

C．Difficult.D．Special.

解析：

选C　词义猜测题。

根据画线词后的“Iwouldcallmygrandmotherforadvice”可知，只有碰到难题才会征求建议，由此可以断定，thorny意思是“困难的”，与difficult意义相近。

故选C项。

basic意为“基础的”；common意为“常见的；普遍的”；special意为“特殊的；特别的”。

4．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?

A．Torememberhergrandmother.

B．Toshowhergoodbakingskills.

C．Totalkaboutherhappyfamilylife.

D．Todescribeherchildhoodmemories.

解析：

选A　写作目的题。

文章从作者小时候与奶奶相处开始叙述，一直到奶奶去世，一直在回忆与奶奶相处的快乐时光，在最后一段再次提出，现在仍然天天想念奶奶。

由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是为了怀念奶奶。

故选A项。

B

Therearearound6,000livinglanguagesintheworld—andatleasthalfoftheseareindanger.Ineverypartoftheworld,languagesaredisappearing.Infact,onescientisthassaidthatlanguagesareinmoredangerofextinctionthanbirdsormammals.ProfessorSteveSutherlandoftheUniversityofEastAngliasaysthatinthepast500years4.5percentoflanguageshavediedout—comparedwith1.3percentofbirds,and1.9percentofmammals.

Languagescomeandgo,andthousandshavedoneexactlythatwithoutleavinganytrace（痕迹）.Onlyaveryfew—Basque,GreekandLatinamongthem—havelastedmorethan2,000years.Butitseemsthatthepaceoftheirdisappearanceisbecomingquicker.

TheEthnologue,adatabaseofallthelanguagesspokenintheworld,statesthat417languagesarespokenbysofewpeoplethattheyareinthefinalstagesofbecomingextinct.Ifveryfewpeoplespeakalanguage,itwillprobablydieout.

Languagesmaybelostthroughmigration（迁移）,aspeoplemovefromsmalltownstocitycenters,orwhenenvironmentsaredestroyedbythesearchforoilorwood.Naturaldisasterscanalsodevastatepopulations,andalongwiththem,theirlanguage.Governmentsalsoplayaroleintheextinctionoflanguages.Theneedtoestablish“officiallanguages”，foracountrytoeducateitschildrenandcarryoutitsbusiness,hadadisastrouseffectonmanysmalllanguages.

Whatislostifalanguageislost?

Somepeoplearguethatlanguagesdieasthehumanracedevelops.Obviouslytherecouldbegreatbenefitsifeveryoneintheworldspokethesamelanguage—someindustriesalreadyreflectthis,withEnglishessentialforpilotsandairtrafficcontrollers.Buttherearemoreimportantthingsthanconvenience.Aslanguagesarelost,wholewaysoflifeandknowledgemaybelostalongwiththem.

Toputitsimply,languageexpressessomethingaboutidentity,aboutourplaceintheworld.AniRauhihi,aMaoriteacherinNewZealand'sNorthIsland,sumsitup：

“Ifyougrowupspeakingourlanguage,youwon'tknowwhoyouare.”

语篇解读：

本文是说明文。

文章主要介绍了语言不断消失的现象以及导致语言消失的原因。

1．Thefiguresmentionedinthefirstparagraphsuggestthat________.

A．mostlanguageshavediedoutcompletely

B．languagesareingreatdangerofextinction

C．animalsaredisappearingfasterthanlanguages

D．languagesaredisappearingslowerthanbefore

解析：

选B　推理判断题。

第一段罗列的数字就是为了说明科学家SteveSutherland的观点：

“languagesareinmoredangerofextinctionthanbirdsormammals”，即语言比鸟类和哺乳动物消失的速度快。

2．Theunderlinedword“devastate”inParagraph4canbestbereplacedby“________”．

A．increaseB．control

C．destroyD．improve

解析：

选C　词义猜测题。

由第四段中的“Languagesmaybelostthroughmigration（迁移）”和“Governmentsalsoplayaroleintheextinctionoflanguages.”可知，本段主要讲述了导致语言消失的原因，故由此推断，devastate意为“毁坏”。

3．Ifalanguageislost,________.

A．therewillbegreattrouble

B．thereisnoneedtoworryaboutit

C．itscultureandknowledgewillalsobelost

D．peoplewillbeabletocommunicatewithothersconveniently

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

由倒数第二段中的“Aslanguagesarelost,wholewaysoflifeandknowledgemaybelostalongwiththem.”可知，随着语言的消失，与之相应的生活方式和知识也会消失。

4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A．Languagesreflectouridentity.

B．Peoplewillspeakthesamelanguageoneday.

C．Fewerpeoplewillremembertheirownlanguages.

D．AniRauhihicareslessaboutlanguagesdyingout.

解析：

选A　推理判断题。

由最后一段中的“languageexpressessomethingaboutidentity,aboutourplaceintheworld”以及AniRauhihi说的话可知，我们的语言反映了我们的身份和在世界上的位置。

C

Madagascar,anislandnationoffthesoutheasterncoastofAfrica,ishometosomeofthemostunusualanimalsintheworld.Butmanyofthesespeciesmaybeindanger.Bushesandlowlyingplantshavestartedtotakeuptoomuchspaceontheforestfloor,providingfuelforwildfires.SoscientistsareconsideringusinggianttortoisestohelppreventtheforestfiresandtherebyhelpthenativewildlifeinMadagascar.

Why?

Longago,gianttortoiseslivedalloverMadagascar.Theyateupmanyplantsthatgrewontheforestfloor.Theyalsospreadtheseedsofnativetrees—keepingtheecosystemincheck.Butwhenhumanssettledontheislandover2,000yearsago,huntingcausedthegianttortoisesnativetotheislandtobecomeextinct.

Now,scientistsplantoship300closerelativesoftheextinctMadagascarantortoisestotheisland.Theyhopethatthesetortoiseswillspreadtheseedsofnativeplantsandchow_down_ontheextrabushes—justliketheirrelativesdidlongago.

Tofindtherelatives,scientistsstudiedthefossils（化石）ofMadagascar'sextinctgianttortoises.TheydiscoveredthattheywereactuallyverysimilartoanothergroupofgianttortoisesthatliveontheAldabraAtoll,agroupofislandsintheIndianOcean.WhenthetortoisesfirstarriveinMadagascar,theywillliveinanareaclosedofffromtherestofthewildlife.There,researcherswillwatchthetortoises'everymovetoseehowtheywillreacttothenativeplants.Ifallgoeswell,thetortoiseswillbereleased（放出）intothewild.

Similarpracticehasbeensuccessfulinotherplaces.TaketheislandofRodrigues,locatedeastofMadagascar,forexample.Sevenyearsago,tortoiseswerebroughtthere.Nowtheyarespreadingseedsandkeepingthebushesfromtakingover.IfthesamethingworksinMadagascar,thegianttortoisesmaybeusedtohelpoutotherforestsaroundtheworld.

语篇解读：

非洲岛国马达加斯加为防止森林火灾和保持生态平衡，考虑引进一种巨型龟。

1．Theunderlinedphrase“chowdownon”istheclosestinmeaningto“________”．

A．walkaround　　　　　　B．eatup

C．gothroughD．livewith

解析：

选B　词义猜测题。

根据第三段第二句中“justliketheirrelativesdidlongago”和第二段中的“Theyateupmanyplantsthatgrewontheforestfloor.”可推知，“chowdownon”在句中意为“吃掉”。

2．HowwillresearchersdealwiththetortoisestobeintroducedtoMadagascar?

A．Theywilldoanexperimentwiththem.

B．Theywillalwayskeepthemoffthewildlife.

C．Theywillmakethemadapttonativeplantsgradually.

D．TheywillcomparethemwiththeextincttortoisesinMadagascar.

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据第四段内容可知，在引进新的乌龟品种时，科学家们先要将它们关在一个特定的区域，观察它们是否适应当地的植物，如果一切顺利的话，再考虑将它们放到自然界中。

也就是说，要先做一个实验，观察它们的反应。

3．BymentioningtheislandofRodrigues,theauthortriestoshow________.

A．theimportanceoftheforests

B．tortoisesarewidelyspreadallovertheworld

C．itusedtohavethesameproblemasMadagascar

D．thegianttortoisescanbringhopetoMadagascar

解析：

选D　写作意图题。

结合最后一段信息可推断出，作者介绍在罗得里格斯岛上成功引进乌龟的例子，是想说明乌龟有望改善马达加斯加的环境。

4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．Tortoisescometotherescue!

B．Madagascar'snativetortoisesbroughttolife!

C．Troublescausedbytoomanybushes

D．Therelationshipbetweentortoisesandforests

解析：

选A　标题归纳题。

第一段最后一句为本文主旨句。

全文主要介绍岛国马达加斯加为防止森林火灾和保持生态平衡，考虑引进一种巨型龟。

cometotherescue前来营救。

D

Formanypeoplewholiveincitie