教育心理学基本术语汉英对照.docx
《教育心理学基本术语汉英对照.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《教育心理学基本术语汉英对照.docx(37页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
教育心理学基本术语汉英对照
教育心理学基本术语汉英对照
总论
学派、学说、学科
S-O-R:
stimulus-organism-response;
S-R:
stimulus-response;
变态心理学:
abnormalpsychology;
差异心理学:
differentialpsychology;
场心理学:
fieldpsychology;
德育心理:
psychologyofmoraleducation;
发展理论:
developmental;
格式塔心理学:
Gestaltpsychology;
个体心理学:
individualpsychology;
构造主义:
structuralism;
关系转换说:
transpositiontheory;
官能心理学:
facultypsychology;
环境论:
environmentalism;
机能主义:
functionalism;
激进建构主义:
Radicalconstructivism;
建构主义:
constructivism;
教师心理:
psychologyofteacher;
教学心理学:
instructionalpsychology;
教育心理学:
educationalpsychology;
教育语言学:
educationallinguistics;
经验概括说(亦称“经验泛化说”):
theoryofexperiencegeneralization;
精神分析:
psychoanalysis;
联结主义:
connectionism;
联想心理学:
associationpsychology;
内省主义:
introspectionism;
情境性学习:
situatedlearning;
人本主义心理学:
humanisticpsychology;
人格理论:
personalitytheories;
人格心理学:
psychologyofpersonality;
认知心理学:
cognitivepsychology;
认知—行为理论:
theoriesofcognition-behaviorism;
认知与组织论:
cognitive-organizationaltheories;
社会建构主义:
Socialconstructivism;
社会学习理论:
sociallearningtheory;
生理心理学:
physiologicalpsychology;
实验心理学:
experimentalpsychology;
数学教学心理学:
psychologyofmathematicsteaching;
相同要素说:
identicalelementstheory;
心理学派:
schoolofpsychology;
心理语言学:
psycholinguistics;
信息加工的建构主义:
information-processingconstructivism;
行为科学:
behaviorsciences;
行为与联想论:
behavioral-associationisttheories;
行为主义:
behaviorism;
形式训练说:
theoryofformaldiscipline;
学科教学心理学:
psychologyofsubjectsteaching;
学习的信息加工模型:
informationprocessingmodelsoflearning;
学习理论(学习论):
theoriesoflearning;
心理学一般概念
保持:
retention;
表象:
image;
抽象思维:
abstractthinking;
催眠术:
hypnotism;
错觉:
illusion;
大脑皮层:
cerebralcortex;
发散思维:
divergentthinking;
分析:
analysis;
感觉:
sensation;
感觉适应:
sensoryadaptation;
感情:
feeling;
个性:
individuality;
归纳推理:
inductivereasoning;
回忆:
recall;
鸡尾酒会现象:
cocktail-partphenomenon;
集中思维:
convergentthinking;
记忆:
memory;
焦虑:
anxiety;
具体思维:
concretethinking;
可逆性图形(双关图):
reversiblefigure;
类比思维:
analogicalthinking;
类比推理:
analogicalreasoning;
气质:
temperament;
情调:
sentimentaltone;
情感:
affect;
情绪:
emotion;
全或无定律:
all-or-nonelaw;
人格:
personality;
人工智能:
artificialintelligence;
思维:
thinking;
随意注意:
voluntaryattention;
态度:
attitude;
统觉团:
apperceptionmass;
先天愚型:
mongolism;
想象:
imagination;
性格:
character;
演绎推理:
deductivereasoning;
遗忘:
forgetting;
意识:
consciousness;
意识过程:
consciousnessprocesses;
意识阈:
consciousnessthreshold;
再认:
recognition;
知觉:
perception;
综合:
synthesis;
神经元:
neuron;
心理(的):
psychology、mind、mental;
心理学研究方法与技术
变量:
variable;
变量间交互作用:
interactionbetweenvariables;
操作定义:
operationaldefinition;
刺激-反应研究:
S-Rresearch;
道德两难情境:
moraldilemmas;
调查表:
inventories;
调查法:
surveymethod;
反应-反应研究:
R-Rresearch;
个案研究法:
case-studymethod;
观察法:
observationalmethod;
横向研究:
cross-sectionalresearch;
霍桑效应:
Hawthroneeffect;
基础科学研究:
basic-scienceresearch;
假设:
hypothesis;
交谈法:
interviewmethod;
控制联想:
controlledassociation;
控制组:
controlgroup;
迷津:
maze;
迷箱:
puzzlebox;
描述性研究:
descriptiveresearch;
内省:
introspection;
潜伏学习实验:
latent-learningexperiment;
实验法:
experimentalmethod;
实验室实验法:
laboratoryexperimentalmethod;
实验组:
experimentalgroup;
投射技术:
projectivetechniques;
外推的基础科学研究:
extrapolatedbasic-scienceresearch;
问卷:
questionnaires;
无意义音节:
nonsensesyllable;
相关研究:
correlationalresearch;
学习曲线:
learningcurve;
因变量:
dependentvariable;
因果关系:
cause-and-effectrelationships;
因素分析:
factoranalysis;
中介变量:
intervening;
自变量:
independentvariable;
自然实验:
naturalexperiment;
自由联想:
freeassociation;
纵向研究:
longitudinalresearch;
发展心理与个别差异
发展心理
安全依恋:
secureattachment;
成年期:
adulthood;
成熟:
maturation;
惩罚与服从定向:
punish-obedienceorientation;
代沟:
generationgap;
道德判断:
moraljudgment;
动作式表征:
enactiverepresentation;
儿童期:
childhood;
发展:
development;
法律与秩序定向:
lawandorderorientation;
繁衍对停滞:
generativityversusstagnation;
符号式表征:
symbolicrepresentation;
感知运动阶段:
sensori-motorstage;
工具性-相对论者定向(亦称“朴素的利己主义定向”):
instrumental-relativistorientation;
关键期:
criticalperiod;
好孩子定向(亦称“使他人愉快和帮助他人定向”):
goodboy/nicegirlorientation;
后习俗水平:
post-conventionallevel;
回避依恋:
avoidanceattachment;
焦虑依恋:
anxiousattachment;
具体运算阶段:
concreteoperationalstage;
可逆性:
reversibility;
狼孩:
feralchildren;
恋父情结:
Electracomplex;
恋母情结:
Oedipuscomplex;
普遍的道德原则定向:
universalethicalprincipleorientation;
契约性墨守法规定向:
contractuallegalisticorientation;
前习俗水平:
pre-conventionallevel;
前运算阶段:
preoperationalstage;
亲密对孤独:
intimacyversusisolation;
勤奋对自卑:
industryversusinferiority;
青春期:
puberty;
青年期:
adolescence;
权威父母:
authoritativeparents;
群集:
grouping;
少年期:
preadolescence;
守恒:
conservation;
双重建构:
doubleconstruction;
顺应:
accommodation;
他律道德:
heteronomymorality;
胎儿期:
fetusperiod;
同化:
assimilation;
同一性:
identify;
同一性对角色混乱:
identifyversusconfusion;
同一性混乱:
identifyconfusion;
同一性危机:
identifycrisis;
图式:
schema;
吸吮反射:
suckingreflex;
习得的性格:
acquiredcharacter;
习俗水平:
conventionallevel;
肖像式表征:
iconicrepresentation;
信任对不信任:
trustversusmistrust;
形式运算阶段:
formaloperationalstage;
性成熟:
sexmaturation;
性心理发展:
psychosexualdevelopment;
依恋:
attachment;
婴儿期:
infancy;
友谊模式:
friendshippatterns;
幼儿期:
preschoolperiod;
运算:
operations;
主动对内疚:
initiativeversusguilt;
抓握反射:
graspreflex;
专制父母:
authoritarianparents;
自律道德:
autonomousmorality;
自我完善对失望:
integrityversusdespair;
自主对羞怯或怀疑:
autonomyversusshameanddoubt;
个别差异
A型性格:
styleAcharacter;
B型性格:
styleBcharacter;
场独立性:
fieldindependence;
场依存性:
fielddependence;
成绩不足:
underachievement;
成绩超常:
overachievement;
成熟迟滞:
maturationallag;
冲动性认知方式(冲动型):
impulsivecognitivestyle;
发展迟滞:
developmentaldelay;
反省性认知方式(沉思型):
reflectivecognitivestyle;
个别差异:
individualdifferences;
孤僻症(孤独症):
autism;
活动过度:
hyperactivity;
计算障碍:
dyscalculia;
晶体智力:
crystallizedintelligence;
流畅性:
fluency;
流动智力:
fluidintelligence;
慢速学习者:
slowlearner;
能力:
ability;
能力倾向:
aptitude;
轻度智力迟钝:
mildmentalretardation;
情绪智力(往往被错译为“情商”):
emotionalintelligence;
缺陷学生:
handicappedstudents;
认知方式:
cognitivestyle;
失语症:
aphasia;
书写障碍:
dysgraphia;
特殊儿童:
exceptionalchildren;
习得的性能(亦称“习得的素质”):
learnedcapabilities;
性别差异:
sexdifferences;
学习成绩不良者:
underachiever;
学习成绩优秀者:
overachiever;
学习方式:
learningstyle;
学习能力缺失:
learningdisabilities;
学习障碍:
learninghandicapped;
严重智力落后:
profoundmentalretardation;
智力:
intelligence;
智力落后:
mentalretardation;
学习心理
学习论与学习类别
策略性知识:
strategyknowledge;
产生式:
production;
陈述性知识:
declarativeknowledge;
程序性知识:
proceduralknowledge;
顿悟式学习:
insightlearning;
发现学习:
discoverylearning;
符号学习:
signlearning;
归纳学习:
inductivelearning;
合作学习:
cooperativelearning;
机械学习:
rotelearning;
接受学习:
receptionlearning;
默会知识:
tacitknowledge;
启发式教学:
heuristicmethod;
启发:
elicitation;
生成学习:
generativelearning;
试误式学习:
trial-and-errorlearning;
探究性学习:
inquirylearning;
同化论:
assimilationtheory;
显性知识:
explicitknowledge;
学会学习:
learningtolearn
学习:
learning;
研究性学习(国外心理学中无与之对应的术语,只是有几个概念与我国学者所指的研究性学习含义相近。
一是以问题为基础的学习(problem-basedlearning;二是以项目为基础的学习(project-basedlearning;三是探究学习(inquirylearning):
researchlearning(我国常有人这样翻译);
有意义学习(亦称“意义学习”):
meaningfullearning;
有意义言语学习理论:
meaningfulverballearningtheory;
自主学习:
self-regulatedlearning;
条件反应学习
辨别:
discrimination;
操作条件反射:
operantconditioned
操作条件作用:
operantconditioning;
刺激:
stimulus;
刺激辨别(亦称“刺激分化”):
stimulusdiscrimination;
反射:
reflex;
反应:
response;
反应辨别(亦称“反应分化”):
responsediscrimination;
经典条件反射:
classicalconditionedreflex;
经典条件作用:
classicalconditioning;
去习惯化:
dishabituation;
生物反馈:
biofeedback;
条件反射:
conditionedreflex;
无条件反射:
unconditionedreflex;
消退:
extinction;
兴奋与抑制:
excitationandinhibition;
厌恶疗法:
aversivetherapy;
思维水平学习
背景命题:
backgroundproposition;
背景命题:
backgroundproposition;
背诵:
recite;
编码:
coding;
编码系统:
codingsystem;
表现(又译为“作业”、“操作”):
performance;
表征:
representational;
并列结合学习(亦称“结合学习”):
combinatoriallearning;
侧向迁移:
lateraltransfer;
侧向迁移:
lateraltransfer;
长时记忆:
long-termmemory;
长时记忆:
long-termmemory;
常规性问题:
routineproblem;
创造性:
creativity;
创造性思维计划:
ProductiveThinkingProgram;
从具体到抽象:
fromconcretetoabstract;
代表性学习(亦称“表征学习”):
representationallearning;
倒摄抑制:
retroactiveinhibition;
定势(亦称“心向”):
set;
定义不明确的问题:
ill-definedproblem;
定义明确的问题:
well-definedproblem;
定义性概念:
definedconcept;
短时记忆(亦称“工作记忆”:
workmemory):
short-termmemory;
顿悟:
insight;
发散思维(亦称“求异思维”):
divergentthinking;
反例:
negativeinstance;
反思:
reflection;
范型:
paradigm;
复述:
rehearsal;
复述策略:
rehearsalstrategies;
复习:
review;
概念:
concept;
概念同化:
conceptassimilation;
概念形成:
conceptformation;
概念学习:
conceptlearning;
感觉记忆(亦称“瞬时记忆”):
sensorymemory;
感觉记忆:
sensorymemory;
高明的新手:
intelligentnovice;
功能固着:
functionfixedness;
共同编码:
commoncoding;
共同成分:
commoncomponents;
关键特征(亦称“定义属性”):
criticalfeature;
官能心理学:
facultypsychology;
过度学习(亦称“超额学习”、“过量学习”):
overlearning;
机遇推理:
opportunisticreasoning;
集中思维(亦称“辐合思维”):
convergentthinking;
解决问题(亦称“问题解决”):
problemsolving;
近因效应:
recencyeffect;
精细加工:
elaboration;
精细加工策略:
elaborationstrategies;
具体概念:
concreteconcept;
科学概念:
scientificconcept;
可分离强度:
dissociabilitystrength;
可利用阈限:
thresholdofavailability;
课文结构图式:
textstructureschema;
类别(亦称“类目”、“范畴”):
category;
类属学习:
subsumptivelearning;
类属者:
subsumer;
类属作用:
subsumption;
命题:
proposition;
命题学习:
propositionallearning;
目标期望:
goal-expectancy;
目标意向:
goal-image;
内化:
internalization;
内向:
introversion;
难定义概念:
ill-definedconcept;
逆向迁移:
retroactivetransfer;
派生类属作用:
derivativesubsumption;
配对联想学习:
paired-associatelearning;
平行加工:
parallelprocessing;
起固定作用的观念:
anchoringidea;
迁移:
transfer;
前摄抑制:
proactiveinhibition;
情节记忆:
episodicmemory;
认知:
cognition;
认知策略:
cognitivestrategies;
认知地图:
cognitionmap;
认知过程:
cognitionprocesses;
认知结构:
cognitionstructure;
日常概念:
dailyconcept;
上位学习:
superordinatelearning;
手段-目的分析:
means-endanalysis;
首因效应:
primaryeffect;
熟练操作:
skilledperformance;
顺向迁移:
proactivetransfer;
条件-活动:
condition-action;
推理规则:
rulesofinference;
外向:
extroversion;
问题空间:
problemspace;
问题情境命题:
problemsettingproposition;
系列位置效应:
serialpositioneffect;
下位学习:
subordinatelearning;
相关类属作用:
correlativesubsumption;
相互作用:
interaction;
相同要素:
identicalelemen