高级口译补充阅读CS Monitor.docx

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高级口译补充阅读CSMonitor

Anglicansfindit'sAfricavs.Westonhomosexuality

ByRachelScheier|SpecialtoTheChristianScienceMonitor

KAMPALA,UGANDA–OnahotSundaymorning,inawindowlesschapelhiddeninagroveofbananatrees,gatherahandfulofChristianswhoarenotsupposedtoexist.

AsotherdevoutAfricans,theydresssmartly,shareBibles,andkneelonthedirtfloortopray.Buttheyareadmittedlygay,makingthemcriminalstotheirgovernmentandsinnerstotheirchurch.Likemostofthedevelopingworld'svastAnglicanCommunion,theChurchofUgandaconsidershomosexualityexplicitlyincompatiblewithChristianity.

ButErichKasirye,ayoungpriest,andBishopChristopherSenyonjo,a71-year-oldfatherofsevenandpillarofthelocalAnglicancommunity,disagreed.Sothreeyearsago,theysetupatinycongregationafewmileswestofKampalatowelcomethepariahs.

Soonafter,theRev.Mr.Kasiryewasfiredfromhisjobasyouthsecretaryatalocaldiocese.BishopSenyonjowasthreatenedwitharrest.ThearchbishopofUgandahassuggestedthathebedefrocked.

ThefurorexposesaculturalandideologicalsplitbetweentheAnglicanfaithfulindevelopedcountrieswhoareincreasinglyliberalontheissueofhomosexuality,andtheirmorenumerousandconservativecounterpartsinthedevelopingworld.Theriftissuretobeatthecenterofnextweek'sspecialmeetingcalledbytheArchbishopofCanterbury.

"WhenpeopleinAmericaandEnglandsay[homosexuality]isawayoflife,wesayno,it'sabnormal,"saysLivingstoneMpalanyiNkoyoyo,theUgandanarchbishop.Heseesthegroupasaploytowringmoneyfromgay-rightsorganizationsintheUS.

Africaisnowhometomorethanhalftheworld'sAnglicans.Uganda,acountryaboutthesizeofOregon,has8millionbelievers.NigerianArchbishopPeterAkinolaheadsthelargestAnglicanprovinceintheworldwithsome17millionparishioners.Bycontrast,theEpiscopalChurch,theUSbranchoftheAnglicanCommunion,whichhaslosthalfitsmembershipinrecentdecades,hasjustover2millionmembers.

AsinmuchofAfrica,inUgandahomosexualityremainsillegalandtaboo.In1999,publicoutcryoverarumorthatagaycouplehadbeenallowedtomarrypromptedPresidentYoweriMusevenitoorderpolicetoarresthomosexuals.Severallocalactivistswerebeatenandtortured,accordingtoAmnestyInternational.

Inspiredbywhattheysawasaneedamonganoppressedminorityintheirchurch,Mr.Kasirye,withSenyonjo'shelp,formedasupportgroupforgayUgandanAnglicans.Itwelcomedmemberswhohadbeenthrownoutoftheirchurches,schools,orevenhomesbecauseoftheirsexuality.

Thegroup,whichcallsitselfIntegrityUgandaafterasimilarAmericanorganization,generateddaysofsensationalheadlinesinthelocalpress.ThegroupreceivessupportfromitsUScounterpart,fuelingaccusationsthatAmericansareemployingKasiryeandSenyonjotopromotehomosexualityhere.

Senyonjo,ashort,stoutmanwithacheerfuldemeanor,hasanofficeinasmallKampalastorefrontmodestlydecoratedwiththecustomaryloneframedportraitofthepresident.Forbiddenfromofficiatingatroutinechurchfunctions,henowdevoteshistimetorunningavolunteercounselingservicefor"youths,singles,marrieds,andmarriagematching,"accordingtoasignoutsidethedoor.

SenyonjosaysyoungUgandansoftencometohimlonelyandscaredinacultureinwhichsexisnottraditionallydiscussed.Onsuchmatters,hedisagreeswithhischurch'sliteralreadingoftheBible.

"AsChristians,wearesupposedtocaterforpeoplewhoaredifferent-thattheyshouldnotbeneglected,"hesays."Thesepeoplearereal.Youcan'tjustconvertthemtosomethingtheyarenot."

NorisSenyonjocompletelyaloneinhisviews.Earlierthismonth,oneofthecontinent'sseniorchurchmen,WinstonNjongonkuluNdungane,thearchbishopofCapeTown,SouthAfrica,criticizedhiscolleaguesforfocusingtheirattentionontheissueatacostofneglectingmoredireproblemsfacingAfrica,suchaswarandAIDS."Wearenotdefinedbyoursexuality,"hesaid.

TherifthascausedsomuchturmoilinthechurchthattheArchbishopofCanterbury,RowanWilliams,hascalledameetingwithotherAnglicanleadersthismonthinLondontodiscussit.AfricanchurchleadersmetlastmonthinNairobi,Kenya,toformulateaunifiedstance.ThereistalkoftryingtoconvinceArchbishopWilliamstoallowaseparate,conservativeAnglicanprovinceinNorthAmerica,whichwouldcompetewithmoreliberalEpiscopalChurch.

AftertheEpiscopalChurchconfirmedGeneRobinsonasitsfirstopenlygaybishopinAugust,someUSchurchmembersalsothreatenedtobreakfromtheirdenomination.ChurchconservativesintheUSwillmeetinDallasthisweektodiscusswhat'snext.Overtheweekend,Williamsmetwiththepope,whoexpressedconcernovertheconfirmationdecision,sayingthatdivisionsoverhomosexualitythreatentodamageCatholic-Anglicanrelations.

AfricanchurchleadershavevoicedsupportfortheideaofaseparateAmericanchurch.Nkoyoyo,forone,saysAfricanAnglicanswhogotheUSoftenfeelmorecomfortableworshippingwithPentecostalsandBaptists,whoseevangelicalbrandofChristianityfeelsclosertotheirownfaith.

Africanarchbishopsalsoworryaboutlosingconvertstotheburgeoningevangelicalmovement,aswellasIslam,whichhaslongmadethecasethattheChristianWestisdecadentandsexuallyirresponsible."IftheAnglicanCommunionacceptedgaybishopsorapprovedgayunions,thatwouldofferanenormouspropagandavictoryforMuslims,"saysPhilipJenkins,aprofessorofhistoryandreligiousstudiesatPennStateUniversity.

TheAnglicanChurchhasastrongtraditionofnotmeddlinginoneanother'sprovincesordiocese.ButMr.JenkinsandothersagreethatviewsonthisissuearelikelytohardenratherthansoftenastheWestisforcedtoreckonwiththeincreasinglyinfluentialdeveloping-worldchurch.

"SexualityissueshavecometobeasymbolicmeansofdeclaringtheindependenceofrisingAfricanchurchesagainstWesternculturalandreligiousimperialism,"hesays.

Bigcitiesstruggletoholdontonewimmigrantsascostsrise

BySaraB.Miller|StaffwriterofTheChristianScienceMonitor

Everyday,newimmigrantspourintoAmerica'slargestmetropolitanareas,swellingthepopulationanddiversifyingtheculture.There'sonlyoneproblem.Anincreasingnumberofthoseimmigrantsarelaterpickingupandmovingsomewhereelse.Andunlikethemiddle-classwhitesofthe1960sand'70s,they'renotfleeingtothesuburbs,they'removingtoentirelydifferentcitiesthataremoreaffordable.

ThismigrationbodeswellfortheassimilationoftheseimmigrantsandthediversificationofmiddleAmerica.Butsomeobserversworrythatitwilldriveafurtherwedgebetweenrichandpoorinthenation'slargestcities.

"NewimmigrantscometocitieslikeNewYorkorLosAngelesregardlessoftheeconomy;theycomebecausetheyhavefamilyconnectionsthere,"saysWilliamFrey,ademographerandauthorofanewreportonthesubjectfortheBrookingsInstitutioninWashington,D.C.Atthesametime,the"economicoutmigration"takingplaceatalmostthesamerateraisestheprospectsofatwo-tiereconomythatcouldultimatelypolarizethegroups.

"Thereisapotentialconcernabouttheavailabilityofeducationinthelongtermforchildreninthelowertier,"headds."Andeducationinthelong-termisoneofthewaystobridgethosetwocommunitiestogether."

Therisingcostoflivingandlackofjobopportunityaredrivingtheoutmigration.Inthelasttwoyears,forexample,thousandsofimmigrantshaveleftthedenselypacked,well-established"LittleGuyana"sectionofQueens,N.Y.Theirdestination:

Schenectady,aformermanufacturingtowninupstateNewYork.

Inlessthantwoyears,Schenectady'sGuyanesepopulationhasquadrupled,toapproximately5,000,estimatesElcidRamotar,abusinessdeveloperandliaisonatthecity'sEconomicDevelopmentCorporation.

Thedraw:

affordablehousing.InQueens,atypicalsingle-familyhomecansellfor$500,000,saysMr.Ramotar.ThesamehomeinSchenectadyonlycosts$100,000.

BackinQueens,theoutflowisnoticeable."Somanypeoplehaveleftforupstate,andmanymorepeopleareplanningtoleave,"saysArchieNarine,awholesaledistributorofWestIndiesproductsinQueens.Still,hesays,"newimmigrantsarecoming[toQueens]everyday.Youcan'tstopthatflow."

InmetropolitanNewYorkasawhole,nearly1millionnewimmigrantsarrivedbetween1995and2000,accordingtocensusfigures.Butlikeothermajorgateways,NewYorkishavingtroubleholdingontothem.

"Outmigrationismoremulticultural,"saysMr.Frey.While"whiteflight"dominatedoutflowfromgatewaycitiesinpreviousdecades,immigrantsareincreasinglyjoiningthemiddle-classexodus.

Inthelate1990s,forexample,thenation'ssix"immigrantmagnetmetros"-NewYork,LosAngeles,SanFrancisco,Chicago,Washington,andMiami-gained3millionmigrantsfromabroad.Buttheyexperiencedanetlossof2.1millionresidentsofallethnicities,accordingtoFrey'sanalysisofsampledcensusdata,releasedlastweek.

Theproportionofnon-Hispanicwhiteoutmigrantsdecreasedinmostofthemagnetmetros.InLosAngeles,thedeclinewasstarkest:

only35percentofnetdomesticoutmigrantswerenon-Hispanicwhitesattheendofthe1990s,comparedto78percentadecadeearlier.

Someseethenewtrendsasapositivesignfortherestofthecountry.Domesticmigrantsandnewimmigrantsalikehaveincreasinglyleftthenation'smajorcities,findingbetterjobsandcheaperhousingelsewhere.

CitiesintheSoutheastandWestattractedthelargestnumbersofmigrantsfromotherareasintheUnitedStates,