瑞士债法典 第一编 总则 官方英文版.docx

瑞士债法典 第一编 总则 官方英文版.docx

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瑞士债法典第一编总则官方英文版

FederalActontheAmendmentoftheSwissCivilCode

（PartFive:

TheCodeofObligations）

of30March1911（Statusasof1January2011）

TheFederalAssemblyoftheSwissConfederation,havingconsideredtheDispatchesoftheFederalCouncildated3March1905and1 June19091decrees:

DivisionOne:

GeneralProvisions

TitleOne:

CreationofObligations

SectionOne:

ObligationsarisingbyContract

Art.1

A.Conclusionofthecontract

I.Mutualexpressionofintent

1.Ingeneral

1 Theconclusionofacontractrequiresamutualexpressionofintentbytheparties.

2 Theexpressionofintentmaybeexpressorimplied.

Art.2

2.Secondaryterms

1 Wherethepartieshaveagreedonalltheessentialterms,itispresumedthatthecontractwillbebindingnotwithstandinganyreservationonsecondaryterms.

2 Intheeventoffailuretoreachagreementonsuchsecondaryterms,thecourtmustdeterminethemwithdueregardtothenatureofthetransaction.

3 Theforegoingissubjecttotheprovisionsgoverningtheformofcontracts.

Art.3

II.Offerandacceptance

1.Offersubjecttotimelimit

1 Apersonwhoofferstoenterintoacontractwithanotherpersonandsetsatimelimitforacceptanceisboundbyhisofferuntilthetimelimitexpires.

2 Heisnolongerboundifnoacceptancehasreachedhimonexpiryofthetimelimit.

Art.4

2.Offerwithouttimelimit

a.Intheparties’presence

1 Whereanofferismadeintheofferee’spresenceandnotimelimitforacceptanceisset,itisnolongerbindingontheofferorunlesstheoffereeacceptsitimmediately.

2 Contractsconcludedbytelephonearedeemedtohavebeenconcludedintheparties’presencewheretheyortheiragentscommunicatedinperson.

Art.5

b.Intheparties’absence

1 Whereanofferismadeintheofferee’sabsenceandnotimelimitforacceptanceisset,itremainsbindingontheofferoruntilsuchtimeashemightexpectareplysentdulyandpromptlytoreachhim.

2 Hemayassumethathisofferhasbeenpromptlyreceived.

3 Whereanacceptancesentdulyandpromptlyislateinreachingtheofferorandhedoesnotwishtobeboundbyhisoffer,hemustimmediatelyinformtheofferee.

EnglishisnotanofficiallanguageoftheSwissConfederation.Thistranslationisprovidedforinformationpurposesonlyandhasnolegalforce.

Art.6

3.Impliedacceptance

Wheretheparticularnatureofthetransactionorthecircumstancesaresuchthatexpressacceptancecannotreasonablybeexpected,thecontractisdeemedtohavebeenconcludediftheofferisnotrejectedwithinareasonabletime.

Art.6a1

3a.Unsolicitedgoods

1 Thesendingofunsolicitedgoodsdoesnotconstituteanoffer.

2 Therecipientisnotobligedtoreturnorkeepsuchgoods.

3 Whereunsolicitedgoodshaveobviouslybeensentinerror,therecipientmustinformthesender.

1InsertedbyNo.1oftheFederalActof5Oct.1990,inforcesince1July1991（AS1991846848;BBl1986II360）.

Art.7

4.Non-bindingoffer,announcementofprices,display

1 Anofferorisnotboundbyhisofferifhehasmadeexpressdeclarationtothateffectorsuchareservationarisesfromthecircumstancesorfromtheparticularnatureofthetransaction.

2 Thesendingoftariffs,pricelistsandthelikedoesnotconstituteanoffer.

3 Bycontrast,thedisplayofmerchandisewithanindicationofitspricedoesgenerallyconstituteanoffer.

Art.8

5.Publiclypromisedremuneration

1 Apersonwhopubliclypromisesremunerationorarewardinexchangefortheperformanceofanactmustpayinaccordancewithhispromise.

2 Ifhewithdrawshispromisebeforeperformancehasbeenmade,hemustreimburseanypersonincurringexpenditureingoodfaithonaccountofthepromiseuptothemaximumamountpromisedunlesshecanprovethatsuchpersoncouldnothaveprovidedtheperformanceinquestion.

Art.9

6.Withdrawalofofferandacceptance

1 Anofferisdeemednottohavebeenmadeifitswithdrawalreachestheoffereebeforeoratthesametimeastheofferitselfor,whereitarrivessubsequently,ifitiscommunicatedtotheoffereebeforehebecomesawareoftheoffer.

2 Thesameappliestoawithdrawalofanacceptance.

Art.10

III.Entryintoeffectofacontractconcludedintheparties’absence

1 Acontractconcludedintheparties’absencetakeseffectfromthetimeacceptanceissent.

2 Whereexpressacceptanceisnotrequired,thecontracttakeseffectfromthetimetheofferisreceived.

Art.11

B.Formofcontracts

I.Formalrequirementsandsignificanceingeneral

1Thevalidityofacontractisnotsubjecttocompliancewithanyparticularformunlessunlessaparticularformisprescribedbylaw.

2 Intheabsenceofanyprovisiontothecontraryonthesignificanceandeffectofformalrequirementsprescribedbylaw,thecontractisvalidonlyifsuchrequirementsaresatisfied.

Art.12

II.Writtenform

1.Formrequiredbylaw

a.Scope

Wherethelawrequiresthatacontractbedoneinwriting,thatprovisionalsoappliestoanyamendmenttothecontractwiththeexceptionofsupplementarycollateralclausesthatdonotconflictwiththeoriginaldocument.

Art.13

b.Effect

1 Acontractrequiredbylawtobeinwritingmustbesignedbyallpersonsonwhomitimposesobligations.

2 ...1

1RepealedbyAnnexNo.2totheFederalActof19Dec.2003onElectronicSignatures,witheffectfrom1Jan.2005（SR943.03）.

Art.14

c.Signature

1 Signaturesmustbeappendedbyhandbythepartiestothecontract.

2 Asignaturereproducedbymechanicalmeansisrecognisedassufficientonlywheresuchreproductioniscustomarilypermitted,andinparticularinthecaseofsignaturesonlargenumbersofissuedsecurities.

2bis AnauthenticatedelectronicsignaturebasedonanauthenticatedcertificateissuedbyaproviderofcertificationserviceswithinthemeaningoftheFederalActof19December2003onElectronicSignatures1isdeemedequivalenttoahandwrittensignature,subjecttoanystatutoryorcontractualprovisiontothecontrary.2

3 Thesignatureofablindpersonisbindingonlyifithasbeendulycertifiedorifitisprovedthathewasawareofthetermsofthedocumentatthetimeofsigning.

1SR943.03

2InsertedbyAnnexNo.2totheFederalActof19Dec.2003onElectronicSignatures,inforcesince1Jan.2005（SR943.03）.

Art.15

d.Markinlieuofsignature

Subjecttotheprovisionsrelatingtobillsofexchange,anypersonunabletosignmaymakeadulycertifiedmarkbyhandorgiveacertifieddeclarationinlieuofasignature.

Art.16

2.Formstipulatedbycontract

1 Wherethepartiesagreetomakeacontractsubjecttoformalrequirementsnotprescribedbylaw,itispresumedthatthepartiesdonotwishtoassumeobligationsuntilsuchtimeasthoserequirementsaresatisfied.

2 Wherethepartiesstipulateawrittenformwithoutelaboratingfurther,theprovisionsgoverningthewrittenformasrequiredbylawapplytosatisfactionofthatrequirement.

Art.17

C.Causeofobligation

Anacknowledgmentofdebtisvalidevenifitdoesnotstatethecauseoftheobligation.

Art.18

D.Interpretationofcontracts,simulation

1 Whenassessingtheformandtermsofacontract,thetrueandcommonintentionofthepartiesmustbeasertainedwithoutdwellingonanyinexactexpressionsordesignationstheymayhaveusedeitherinerrororbywayofdisguisingthetruenatureoftheagreement.

2 Adebtormaynotpleadsimulationasadefenceagainstathirdpartywhohasbecomehiscreditorinrelianceonawrittenacknowledgmentofdebt.

Art.19

E.Termsofthecontract

I.Definitionofterms

1 Thetermsofacontractmaybefreelydeterminedwithinthelimitsofthelaw.

2 Clausesthatdeviatefromthoseprescribedbylawareadmissibleonlywherethelawdoesnotprescribemandatoryformsofwordingorwheredeviationfromthelegallyprescribedtermswouldcontravenepublicpolicy,moralityorrightsofpersonalprivacy.

Art.20

II.Nullity

1 Acontractisvoidifitstermsareimpossible,unlawfulorimmoral.

2 However,wherethedefectpertainsonlytocertaintermsofacontract,thosetermsalonearevoidunlessthereiscausetoassumethatthecontractwouldnothavebeenconcludedwithoutthem.

Art.21

III.Unfairadvantage

1 Wherethereisacleardiscrepancybetweenperformanceandconsiderationunderacontractconcludedasaresultofoneparty’sexploitationoftheother’sstraitenedcircumstances,inexperienceorthoughtlessness,theinjuredpartymaydeclarewithinoneyearthathewillnothonourthecontractanddemandrestitutionofanyperformancealreadymade.

2 Theone-yearperiodcommencesonconclusionofthecontract.

Art.22

IV.Agreementtoconcludeacontract

1 Partiesmayreachabindingagreementtoenterintoacontractatalaterdate.

2 Whereintheinterestsofthepartiesthelawmakesthevalidityofacontractconditionalonobservanceofaparticularform,thesameappliestotheagreementtoconcludeacontract.

Art.23

F.Defectinconsent

I.Error

1.Effect

Apartylabouringunderafundamentalerrorwhenenteringintoacontractisnotboundbythatcontract.

Art.24

2.Casesofmistake

1 Anerrorisfundamentalinthefollowingcasesinparticular:

1.

wherethepartyactinginerrorintendedtoconcludeacontractdifferentfromthattowhichheconsented;

2.

wherethepartyactinginerrorhasconcludedacontractrelatingtoasubjectmatterotherthanthesubjectmatterheintendedor,wherethecontractrelatestoaspecificperson,toapersonotherthantheoneheintended;

3.

wherethepartyactinginerrorhaspromisedtomakeasignificantlygreaterperformanceorhasacceptedapromiseofasignificantlylesserconsiderationthanheactuallyintended;

4.

wherethee