选票还是子弹MalcolmTheBallotortheBullet.docx

选票还是子弹MalcolmTheBallotortheBullet.docx

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选票还是子弹MalcolmTheBallotortheBullet

选票还是子弹（Malcolm :

 The Ballot or the Bullet）

英语演讲稿

马尔科姆·艾克斯于1925年出生在美国内布拉斯加州东部的奥马哈市，少年时期是个不学无术的街头混混，贩毒、吸毒、滥交、抢劫、杀人几乎无恶不作。

终于自食恶果，被抓入监狱。

入狱后，他居然从看字典开始，学习了世界历史，哲学，政治，自然科学等方面的知识，并参加了黑色穆斯林组织。

出狱后，他投身黑人运动，成为声望仅次于马丁·路德·金的黑人运动领袖。

马尔科姆原是穆斯林组织“伊斯兰民族”的头领，他到处发表演讲，强调族裔对立，把什么事都往种族冲突上拉，煽动黑人对白人的仇恨。

到后来他醒悟、放弃暴力、并和腐败的教主进行抗衡，不再强调仇恨；而是追求黑人和白人之间的沟通、理解、博爱，但却遭到自己原先效忠的组织的暗杀。

宗教带给他强大的力量，他所表现出的永远是那么坚强、自信；他的言行举止永远显示出他的火一般的激情和永不言败的信念。

他的生命充满了斗争与愤怒，但同时又涌动着热情与博爱。

马尔科姆总能够用犀利的语言，针针见血地击中问题的要害。

此篇演讲发表于1964年4月3日，此前的1964年3月，马尔科姆与极端派的黑色穆斯林组织“伊斯兰民族”决裂。

此演讲发表后短短10个月的1965年2月21日，在曼哈顿奥特朋舞厅的一个报告会上，“伊斯兰民族”组织派出的三名歹徒连开15枪残忍地杀害了马尔科姆。

It’llbethetheballotorit’llbethebullet.It’llbelibertyorit’llbedeath.Andifyou’renotreadytopaythatpricedon’tusethewordfreedominyourvocabulary.

是选票还是子弹。

是自由还是死亡。

如果你还没有准备付出代价，那么就请不要说什么自由。

演讲全文：

TheBallotortheBullet/MalcolmX

Mr.Moderator,ReverendCleage,BrotherLomax,brothersandsisters,andfriendsandIseesomeenemies.Infact,Ithinkwe’dbefoolingourselvesifwehadanaudiencethislargeanddidn’trealizethatthereweresomeenemiespresent.

Thisafternoonwewanttotalkabouttheballotorthebullet.Theballotorthebulletexplainsitself.Butbeforewegetintoit,sincethisistheyearoftheballotorthebullet,Iwouldliketoclarifysomethingsthatrefertomepersonally--concerningmyownpersonalposition.

I''''mstillaMuslim.Thatis,myreligionisstillIslam.MyreligionisstillIslam.IstillcreditMr.MohammedforwhatIknowandwhatIam.He’stheonewhoopenedmyeyes.Atpresent,I''''mtheMinisterofthenewlyfoundedMuslimMosque,IncorporatedwhichhasitsofficesintheTeresaHotel,rightintheheartofHarlem--that’stheblackbeltinNewYorkcity.AndwhenwerealizethatAdamClaytonPowellisaChristianminister,he’sthe--heheadsAbyssinianBaptistChurch,butatthesametime,he’smorefamousforhispoliticalstruggling.

AndDr.KingisaChristianMinister,inAtlanta–orfromAtlantaGeorgia--orinAtlanta,Georgia,buthe’sbecomemorefamousforbeinginvolvedinthecivilrightsstruggle.There’sanotherinNewYork,ReverendGalamison--Idon’tknowifyou’veheardofhimouthere–he’saChristianMinisterfromBrooklyn,buthasbecomefamousforhisfightagainstasegregatedschoolsysteminBrooklyn.ReverendClee,righthere,isaChristianMinister,hereinDetroit.He’stheheadofthe“FreedomNowParty.”

AlloftheseareChristianMinisters--AlloftheseareChristianMinisters,buttheydon’tcometousasChristianMinisters.Theycometousasfightersinsomeothercategory.

I’maMuslimminister--thesameastheyareChristianMinisters--I’maMuslimminister.AndIdon’tbelieveinfightingtodayinanyonefront,butonallfronts.

Infact,I’mablackNationalistFreedomFighter.

Islamismyreligion,butIbelievemyreligionismypersonalbusiness.Itgovernsmypersonallife,mypersonalmorals.AndmyreligiousphilosophyispersonalbetweenmeandtheGodinwhomIbelieve;justasthereligiousphilosophyoftheseothersisbetweenthemandtheGodinwhomtheybelieve.

Andthisisbestthisway.Werewetocomeoutherediscussingreligion,we’dhavetoomanydifferencesfromtheoutstartandwecouldnevergettogether.Sotoday,thoughIslamismyreligiousphilosophy,mypolitical,economic,andsocialphilosophyisBlackNationalism.YouandI--AsIsay,ifwebringupreligionwe’llhavedifferences;we’llhavearguments;andwe’llneverbeabletogettogether.Butifwekeepourreligionathome,keepourreligioninthecloset,keepourreligionbetweenourselvesandourGod,butwhenwecomeouthere,wehaveafightthat’scommontoallofusagainsta[sic]enemywhoiscommontoallofus.

ThepoliticalphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthattheblackmanshouldcontrolthepoliticsandthepoliticiansinhisowncommunity.The--Thetime--Thetimewhenwhitepeoplecancomeinourcommunityandgetustovoteforthemsothattheycanbeourpoliticalleadersandtelluswhattodoandwhatnottodoislonggone.

Bythesametoken,thetimewhenthatsamewhiteman,knowingthatyoureyesaretoofaropen,cansendanothernegrointothecommunityandgetyouandmetosupporthimsohecanusehimtoleadusastray--thosedaysarelonggonetoo.

ThepoliticalphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatifyouandIaregoingtoliveinaBlackcommunity--andthat’swherewe’regoingtolive,causeassoonasyoumoveintooneoftheir--soonasyoumoveoutoftheBlackcommunityintotheircommunity,it’smixedforaperiodoftime,butthey’regoneandyou’rerightthereallbyyourselfagain.

Wemust--Wemustunderstandthepoliticsofourcommunityandwemustknowwhatpoliticsissupposedtoproduce.Wemustknowwhatpartpoliticsplayinourlives.Anduntilwebecomepoliticallymaturewewillalwaysbemislead,leadastray,ordeceivedormaneuveredintosupportingsomeonepoliticallywhodoesn’thavethegoodofourcommunityatheart.

SothepoliticalphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatwewillhavetocarryonaprogram,apoliticalprogram,ofre-educationtoopenourpeopleseyes,makeusbecomemorepoliticallyconscious,politicallymature,andthenwewill--wheneverwegetreadytocastourballotthatballot,willbecastforamanofthecommunitywhohasthegoodofthecommunityofheart.

TheeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatweshouldownandoperateandcontroltheeconomyofourcommunity.Youwouldneverfound--youcan’topenupablackstoreinawhitecommunity.Whitemenwon’tevenpatronizeyou.Andhe’snotwrong.He’sgotsenseenoughtolookoutforhimself.Youtheonewhodon’thavesenseenoughtolookoutforyourself.

Thewhiteman--Thewhitemanistoointelligenttoletsomeoneelsecomeandgaincontroloftheeconomyofhiscommunity.Butyouwillletanyonecomeinandtakecontroloftheeconomyofyourcommunity,controlthehousing,controltheeducation,controlthejobs,controlthebusinesses,underthepre-textthatyouwanttointegrate.No,yououttayourmind.

Thepolitical,theeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatwehavetobecomeinvolvedinaprogramofreeducationtoeducateourpeopleintotheimportanceofknowingthatwhenyouspendyourdollaroutofthecommunityinwhichyoulive,thecommunityinwhichyouspendyourmoneybecomesricherandricher;thecommunityoutwhichyoutakeyourmoneybecomespoorerandpoorer.

AndbecausetheseNegroes,whohavebeenmislead,misguided,arebreakingtheirneckstotaketheirmoneyandspenditwithTheMan,TheManisbecomingricherandricher,andyou’rebecomingpoorerandpoorer.Andthenwhathappens?

Thecommunityinwhichyoulivebecomesaslum.Itbecomesaghetto.Theconditionsbecomerundown.Andthenyouhavetheaudacitytocomplainaboutpoorhousinginarun-downcommunity.Whyyourunitdownyourselfwhenyoutakeyourdollarout.

AndyouandIareinthedouble-track,becausenotonlydowelosebytakingourmoneysomeplaceelseandspendingit,whenwetryandspenditinourowncommunitywe’retrappedbecausewehaven’thadsenseenoughtosetupstoresandcontrolthebusinessesofourowncommunity.Themanwho’scontrollingthestoresinourcommunityisamanwhodoesn’tlooklikewedo.He’samanwhodoesn’tevenliveinthecommunity.SoyouandI,evenwhenwetrytospendourmoneyintheblockwhereweliveortheareawherewelive,we’respendingitwithamanwho,whenthesungoesdown,takesthatbasketfullofmoneyinanotherpartofthetown.

Sowe’retrapped,trapped,double-trapped,triple-rapped.Anywherewegowefindthatwe’retrapped.Andeverykindofsolutionthatsomeonecomesupwithisjustanothertrap.ButthepoliticalandeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalism--theeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalismshowsourpeopletheimportanceofsettinguptheselittlestoresanddevelopingthemandexpandingthemintolargeroperations.Woolworthdidn’tstartoutbigliketheyaretoday.Theystartedoutwithadimestoreandexpandedandexpandedandthenexpandeduntiltoday,they’rearealloverthecountryandallovertheworld,andtheygettosomeofeverybody’smoney.

NowthisiswhatyouandI--GeneralMotorsissameway.Theydidn’tstartoutliketheyitis.Itstartedoutjustalittleratracetypeoperation.Anditexpandedanditexpandeduntiltodaywhereitisrightnow.AndyouandIhavetomakeastartandthebestplacetostartisrightinthecommunitywherewelive.

Soourpeoplenotonlyhavetobereeducatedtotheimportanceofsupportingblackbusiness,buttheblackmanhimselfhastobemadeawareoftheimportanceofgoingintobusiness.AndonceyouandIgointobusiness,weownandoperateatleastthebusinessesinourcommunity.Whatwewillbedoingisdevelopingasituationwhereinwewillactuallybeabletocreateemploymentforthepeopleinthecommunity.Andonceyoucancreatesomeemploymentinthecommunitywhereyouliveitwilleliminatethenecessityofyouandmehavingtoactignorantlyanddisgracefully,boycottingandpicketingsomepracticesomeplaceelsetryingtobeghimforajob.

Anytimeyouhavetorelyuponyourenemyforajob--you’reinbadshape.Whenyouhave--heisyourenemy.Letmetellyou,youwouldn’tbeinthiscountryifsomeenemyhadn’tkidnappedyouandbroughtyouhere.

Ontheotherhand,someofyouthinkyoucamehereontheMayflower.

Soasyoucanseebrothersandsisters,today--thisafternoon,itisnotourintentiontodiscussreligion.We’regoingtoforgetreligion.Ifwebringupreligion,we’llbeinanargument,andthebestwaytokeepawayfromargumentsanddifferences--asIsaidearlier--putyourreligionathome--inthecloset.

KeepitbetweenyouandyourGod.

Becauseifithasn’tdoneanythingmoreforyouthanithas,youneedtoforgetitanyway.

Whetheryouare--WhetheryouareaChristian,oraMuslim,oraNationalist,weallhavethesameproblem.Theydon’thangyoubecauseyou’reaBaptist;theyhangyou''''causeyou’reblack.Theydon’tattackmebecauseI’maMuslim;theyattackme''''causeI’mblack.Theyattackallofusforthesamereason;allofuscatchhellfromthesameenemy.We’reallinthesamebag,inthesameboat.Wesufferpoliticaloppression,economicexploitation,andsocialdegradation--allofthemfromthesameenemy.Thegovernmenthasfailedus;youcan’tdenythat.Anytimeyouliveinthetwentiethcentury,1964,andyouwalkin''''aroundheresinging“WeShallOvercome,”thegovernmenthasfailedus.

Thisispartofwhat’swrongwithyou--youdotoomuchsinging.Todayit’stimetostopsingingandstartswinging.Youcan’tsinguponfreedom,butyoucanswinguponsomefreedom.CassiusClaycansing,butsingingdidn’thelphimtobecometheheavy-weightchampionoftheworld--swinginghelpedhimbecometheheavy-weightchampion.Thisgovernmenthasfailedus;thegovernmentitselfhasfailedus,andthewhiteliberalswhohavebeenposingasourfriendshavefailedus.

Andonceweseethatalltheseothersourcestowhichwe’veturnedhavefailed,westopturningtothemandturntoourselves.Weneedaselfhelpprogram,ado-it-yourselfphilosophy,ado-it-right-nowphilosophy,ait’s-already-too-latephilosophy.ThisiswhatyouandIneedtogetwith,andtheonlytime--theonlywaywearegoingtosolveourproblemiswithaself-helpprogram.Beforewecangetaself-helpprogramstartedwehavetohaveaself-helpphilosophy.

Blacknationalismisaself-helpphilosophy.What''''sissogoodaboutit?

Youcanstayrightinthechurchwhereyouareandstillt