河北省邢台市届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题34.docx

河北省邢台市届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题34.docx

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河北省邢台市届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题34

河北省邢台市2014届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题34

Ifyouwanttostayyoung,sitdownandhaveagoodthink.ThisistheresearchfindingofateamofJapanesedoctors,whosaythatmostofourbrainsarenotgettingenoughexercise—andasaresult,weareageingunnecessarilysoon.

　　ProfessorTaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyage,andhowtheprocessofageingcouldbesloweddown.

　　WithateamofcolleaguesatTokyoNationalUniversity,he

setaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvaryingoccupations.

　　Computertechnologyenabledtheresearcherstoobtainprecisemeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidesectionsofthebrain,whichrelatetointellect（智能）andemotion,anddeterminethehumancharacter.（Therearsectionofthebrain,whichcontrolsfunctionslikeeatingandbreathing,doesnotcontractwithage,andonecancontinuelivingwithoutintellectualoremotionalfaculties.）

　　Contractionoffrontandsideparts—ascellsdieoff—wasobservedIsomesubjectsintheirthirties,butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-olds.

　　Matsuzawaconcludedfromhisteststhatthereisasimpleremedytothecontractionnormallyassociatedwith

age—usingthehead.

　　Thefindingsshowingeneraltermsthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetowns.Thoseleastatrisk,saysMatsuzawa,arelawyers,followedbyuniversityprofessorsanddoctors.Whitecollarworkersdoin

groutineworkingovernmentofficesare,however,aslikelytohaveshrinkingbrainsasthefarmworker,busdriverandshopassistant.

　　Matsuzawa’sfindingsshowthatthinkingcanpreventthebrainfromshrinking.Bloodmustcirculateproperlyintheheadtosupplythefreshoxygenthebraincellsneed.“Thebestwaytomaintaingoodbloodcirculationisthroughusingthebrain,”hesays,“Thinkhardandengageinconversation.Don’trelyonpocketcalculators.”

36.Theteamofdoctorswantedtofindout________.

　　A.whycertainpeopleagesoonerthanothersB.howtomakepeoplelivelonger

　　C.thesizeofcertainpeople’sbrainsD.whichpeoplearemostintelligent

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。

由第二段“ProfessorTaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyage,andhowtheprocessofageingcouldbesloweddown.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。

37.Onwhataretheirresearchfindingsbased?

　　A.AsurveyoffarmersinnorthernJapan.B.Testsperformedonathousandoldpeople.

　　C.ThestudyofbrainvolumesofdifferentpeopleD.Thelatestdevelopmentofcomputertechnology.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。

由“hesetaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvaryingoccupations.”可知选C。

38.Thedoctor’stestshowthat________.

　　A.ourbrainsshrinkaswegrowolderB.thefrontsectionofthebraindoesnotshrink

　　C.sixty-year-oldshavethebetterbrainsthanthirty-year-olds

　　D.somepeople’sbrainshavecontractedmorethanotherpeople’s.

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。

由“Thefindingsshowingeneraltermsthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetowns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比城镇里的人的大脑收缩的更早。

故选D。

39.Theword“subjects”inParagraph5means________.

　　A.somethingtobeconsideredB.branchesofknowledgestudied

　　C.personschosentobestudiedinanexperiment

　　D.anymemberofastateexceptthesupremeruler.

【答案】C

【解析】词义猜测题。

由“……butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-o

lds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验中做研究的人。

故选C。

40.Accordingto

thepassage,whichpeopleseemtoageslowerthantheothers?

　　A.Lawyers.B.Farmers.C.Clerks.D.Shopassistants.

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。

由“Thoseleastatrisk,saysMatsuzawa,arelawyers,……”可知律师变老的风险最小。

故选A。

阅读理解--------史地常识类

（2013·九江二模）It'sinterestingtoseehowpeoplemakeuseofthetimetheyspendonpublictransportinIndiancitieslikeDelhiandMumbai.

Incrowdedbusesandtrainspeoplemanagetotakeashortnapandsomeevenreachthesnoringstage.Ortheyspreadoutanewspaperovermultiplekneesandarmstoreadaboutthelatestsportresultsorpoliticalcrisis.

Thentherearetheexperiencedtravellerswhohavebeenplayingcardswiththesamegroupoverthelastdecadeorso.Theyevenhavetheirspecificseatssowell－wornthatyoucanmakeouttheshapeoftheirbacksides.

Thereisnodoubtaboutit.Travellingbypublictransportisbeinginthethickoftheseasonsoflife－asweatylifeinsummerwherepeople，blissfullyunawareoftheriversofsweatrunningdowntheirbrowsandinsidetheirclothes.Atthefirstsmellofa

perfumedmanorwomanboardingthestuffybusortrain，mostpeoplefeeltheyarereborn.

Duringtherainsyoucan'tavoidgettingwetormuddied.Thewindows，almostalways，arenotaperfectfitandifyou'renotdrenchedbyasudden，heavyrainshowerthenyouareboundtocatchajetsprayofmuddywatercausedbyafellowmotoristdrivingfastthroughapuddle.

Therainsareaperfecttimeforpeopletoswitchtheiroldumbrellasfornewones.Sincetherearesomanythatlookalike，it'simpossibletotellwhoseiswhose.

Winteristhetimewhenitfeelsgood－oratleastwarm—tobepartofacrowd.Itisamazinghowmuchthecollectivebreathsofahundredorsopeoplecanraisethefreezingtemperatureinside.Lookingatthemassesdressedintheirbrightredpulloversorgreencoats，it'sfuntoimaginewhatfacesliebeneaththeirdarkwoolenhats.

The

coldwinterpasses，makingwayforspring.Itisimpossiblenottoseeeverylittleflowerbythewaysidebloomingproudly.Andthewarmsunmanagestotransmitsomeoftheirpleasantnesstotheinsideofabusortrain.

Now，wouldn'titbeperfectifwehadpublictransportworththenameinallourcities?

【语篇解读】普通的画面，平常的生活，变化的季节，永恒的旋律，印度的公共交通工具上每天都演绎着平凡人平淡的故事。

24．OnIndianpublictransport，youcanalwaysexpecttoseepeople________.

A．sleepingandreadingnewspapers

B．arguingandplayinggames

C．enjoyingtheviewandplayingcards

D．carryingumbrellasandwhisperingpolitely

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的内容可知在印度的公共交通工具上，可以看到人们在睡觉或者在看报纸。

答案　A

25．Accordingtotheauthorwhatwillmakepassengersfeelrefreshedwhentravellinginsummer?

A．Thecooleveningbreeze.

B．Therainpouringovertheirclothes.

C．Thejoyofagameofcards.

D．Thesweetfragranceofanewpassenger.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第四段最后一句的内容可知，一位新乘客散发出的香味能让车上的乘客神清气爽，犹如重生。

答案　D

26．Ifyouseepeopleincolourfulclothingandbreathingheavily，youareprobablytravellingduringthe________.

A．summerB．rainyseasons

C．winterD．spring

解析　推理判断题。

根据倒数第三段中的内容可推知，当人们穿着各色衣服并且大口呼吸的时候，这里是”冬季”。

答案　C

27．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

A．Indianpeopledon'tmindswitchingumbrellaswithothers

B．almosteveryoneinIndiawearsperfumewhentheygoout

C．thebusesandtrainsareoldandinpoorconditions

D．Indiantransportisthemostcrowdedintheworld

解析　推理判断题。

结合第三段以及第五段中的内容可推知，公共汽车和火车都很破旧。

答案　C

28．Whatisthetuneoflanguageusedinthispassage?

A．Humourous.B．Critical.

C．Frightening.D．Concerned.

解析　推理判断题。

文章生动形象地刻画了印度公共交通工具上的众生相，根据文章中的多处细节描写可知作者笔调“幽默”。

后三项分别表示“批判的”“令人恐惧的”“担心的”，都不是本文的写作风格。

答案　A

阅读理解---科普常识类

（2013·浙江，B）Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.

Ifbloodisred，whyareveins（静脉）blue?

Actually，veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear，yellowishcolour.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit'soutsidethebody，whenit'ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin，it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth，thesebloodfilledveinsreflectlessredlightthanthesurroundingskin，makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

Whichworksharder，yourheartoryourbrain?

Thatkindofdependso

nwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise，andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But，inthelongrun，yourbrainprobablytipsit，becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart，andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.

Whydoteethfallout，andwhydon'ttheygrowbackingrownups?

Baby（or“milk”）teethdonotlastlong；theyfallouttomakeroomforbigger，strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged，decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin，you'redone.Whenthey'regone，they'regone.Thisisbecausenaturefigu

resyou'resetforlife，andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.

Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But，whentheydo，itisn'tbecausethey'reshrinkingallover.Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine（脊柱）becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity（重力）．Many（butnotall）menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof34cminheightastheyage，whilewomenmaylose5cmormore.Ifyoulivetobe200yearsold，wouldyoukeepshrinkingtillyouwere，like60cmtall，likealittleboyagain？

No，becauseoldpeopledon'treallyshrink！

Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwards—theirlegs，armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter，it'sbecausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or，moreoften，becomemorebentandcurved.

Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy（眩晕的）?

Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou'reseeingandwhatyou'refeeling.Thebrainsensesthatyou'respinningusingspecialgravityandmotionsensingorgansinyourinnerear，whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeepyourvisionandbalancestable.But，whenyousuddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrol，andyourbrainthinksyou'removingwhileyou