考研英语一真题完整版.docx

考研英语一真题完整版.docx

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考研英语一真题完整版

2015年考研英语一真题（完整版）

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中国教育在线

　Section1UseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas"related"asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis   1  astudypublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has   2  .

　　Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted 3 1932uniquesubjectswhich  4   pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth   5  .While1%mayseem   6  ,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,"Mostpeopledonoteven   7   theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho   8   ourkin."

　　Thestudy   9   foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10Perhaps,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore   11   it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat   12   usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends   13   than"functionalkinship"ofbeingfriendswith   14  !

Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving   15   thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp   16   whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor 17factor.

　　Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople's   18 tobefriendthoseofsimilar19   backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento   20   thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　1、What

　　2、Concluded

　　3、On

　　4、Compared

　　5、Samples

　　6、Insignificant

　　7、Know

　　8、Resemble

　　9、Also

　　10、Perhaps

　　11、To

　　12、Drive

　　13、Ratherthan

　　14、Benefits

　　15、Faster

　　16、understand

　　17、Contributory

　　18、Tendency

　　19、Ethnic

　　20、see

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　TEXT1

　　KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted"kingsdon'tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep."ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicansleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

　　TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove"mere"politiesand"embody"aspiritofnationalunity.

　　Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpolitiesthatexplainsmonarchy'scontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms（notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra）.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

　　Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarmingofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

　　Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

　　WhileEurope'smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

　　ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy'sreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy'sworstenemies.

　　21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

　　[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.

　　[B]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.

　　[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.

　　[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.

　　22.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly

　　[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.

　　[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.

　　[C]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.

　　[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.

　　23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

　　[A]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

　　[B]Aristocrats'excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

　　[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

　　[D]Thenobility'sadherencetotheirprivileges.

　　24.TheBritishroyals"havemosttofear"becauseCharles

　　[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

　　[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

　　[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

　　[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

　　25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

　　[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

　　[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

　　[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

　　[D]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

　　21.Dendedhisreigninembarrassment.

　　22.Cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus

　　23.Atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy

　　24.Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

　　25.DCarlos,alessonforallMonarchies

TEXT2

　　JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

　　Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

　　ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia'sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

　　TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia'slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect'spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone'ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee'sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof"cloudcomputing."meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

　　ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia'sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

　　26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

　　[A]searchforsuspects'mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

　　[B]checksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

　　[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

　　[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

　　27.Theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'sargumentisoneof

　　[A]tolerance.

　　[B]indifference.

　　[C]disapproval.

　　[D]cautiousness.

　　28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphonecontentiscomparableto

　　[A]gettingintoone'sresidence.

　　[B]handingone'shistoricalrecords.

　　[C]scanningone'scorrespondences.

　　[D]goingthroughone'swallet.

　　29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

　　[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

　　[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

　　[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

　　[D]citizens'privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

　　30.OrinKerr'scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

　　（A）theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

　　（B）NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

　　（C）California'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

　　（D）PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshould