语言学模拟题.docx

语言学模拟题.docx

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语言学模拟题

Linguistics:

Jenny’sHelp

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets

1.（）Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled__________linguistics.

A.particularB.general

C.ordinaryD.generative

2.（）__________canbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.

A.PhonesB.Sounds

C.PhonemesD.Speechsounds

3.（）Thetwoclausesina__________sentencearestructurallyequalpartsofthesentence.

A.simpleB.complete

C.complexD.coordinate

4.（）Thegoalof__________istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.

A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics

5.（）A__________vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.

A.backB.central

C.frontD.middle

6.（）Theopen,backandlongvowelis__________.

A.［ɑ：

］B.［ɔ：

］

C.［ə：

］D.［u:

］

7.（）Languagechangeisuniversal,continuousand,toaconsiderableextent__________.

A.regularbutnotsystematicB.irregularandsystematic

C.regularandsystematicD.irregularbutsystematic

8.（）Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonthe__________investigationoflanguagedata.

A.symbolicB.systemic

C.systematicD.system

9.（）__________aresometimescalled“semivowels”.

A.vowelsB.fricative

C.glidesD.nasals10.（）__________isatypicaltonelanguage.

A.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.AmericanEnglish

11.（）Asentenceisconsidered__________whenitconformstothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.

A.rightB.wrong

C.grammaticalD.ungrammatical

12.（）Thenumberofthelexicalitemsintheminorlexicalcategoriesis__________andnonewmembersareallowedfor.

A.largeB.small

C.limitlessD.fixed

13.（）Humanbeingsaretheonlyspeciesthatlearnsandacquireslanguage__________explicitinstruction.

A.withB.without

C.withinD.through

14.（）AccordingtoF.deSaussure,__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.paroleB.performance

C.langueD.language

15.（）Acousticphoneticianstrytodescribethe__________propertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissues.

A.oralB.mental

C.physicalD.recorded

16.（）__________isconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld'slanguages.

A.PhonologyB.Phonetics

C.MorphologyD.Phonemics

17.（）__________transcriptionisreallythetranscriptionrequiredandusedbythephoneticiansintheirstudyofspeechsounds.

A.BroadB.Detailed

C.WideD.Narrow

18.（）Theword“motel”isformedviawordformationruleof__________.

A.clippingB.blending

C.acronymD.coinage

19.（）Ifalinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior,i.e.,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobe__________.

A.productiveB.arbitrary

C.prescriptiveD.creative

20.（）__________,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.

A.OrthographicallyB.Phonetically

C.SemanticallyD.Syntactically

21.（）__________isasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.

A.MorphologyB.Syntax

C.LexicologyD.Coordination

22.（）__________isakindofabbreviationofotherwiselongerwordsorphrases.

A.AbbreviationB.Acronym

C.ClippingD.Blending

23.（）Thosethataffectthesyntacticcategoryandthemeaningoftherootaswellare__________.

A.stemsB.affixes

C.suffixesD.prefixes.

24.（）__________referstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbytheadditionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.

A.DerivationB.Compounding

C.BlendingD.Backformation

25.（）Sincethephoneticcontrastbetween/k/intheword“kill”and/k/intheword“coal”isnotadistinctiveone,thetwo/k/-sareonly__________.

A.phonemesB.phones

C.segmentsD.allophones

26.（）When/p/and/b/occurinthesameenvironmentsanddistinguishmeaning,theyarein__________.

A.minimalpairB.minimalset

C.phonemiccontrastD.complementarydistribution

27.（）__________attheendofstemscanmodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.

A.RootsB.Prefixes

C.SuffixesD.Freemorphemes

28.（）As/k/intheword“came”and/g/intheword“game”aresaidtoformadistinctiveoppositioninEnglish,theyare__________.

A.soundsB.phonemes

C.allophonesD.varieties

29.（）Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare__________sounds.

A.consonantalB.voiced

C.vowelD.voiceless

30.（）__________areaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword,whichisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.

A.InflectionalaffixesB.Freemorpheme

C.DerivationalaffixesD.Stems

31.（）__________isaprocessofsemanticchangeinwhichawordlosesitsformermeaningandacquiresanew,sometimesrelatedmeaning.

A.SemanticnarrowingB.Semanticbroadening

C.SemanticborrowingD.Semanticshift

32.（）__________studieshowsoundsareputtogethertoconveymeaningincommunication.

A.PhonologyB.Morphology

C.LexicologyD.Phonetics

33.（）StressinEnglishisusedto__________semanticallyimportantwords.

A.signalB.standout

C.identifyD.single

34.（）__________referstothephysiologicaleffectofonesoundonanother.

A.SoundassimilationB.Internalborrowing

C.ElaborationD.Rulesimplification

35.（）Acompoundwordconsistsof__________.

A.twoormorethantwowordsB.twomorphemes

C.tworootmorphemesD.twoormoremorphemes

36.（）Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.

  A.mouth  B.lips

 C.tongue  D.vocalcords  

II.Directions:

Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.

1.Englishisani__________language.

2.Theaffixesoccurringatthebeginningofawordarecalledp__________.

3.IPAstandsforInternationalPhoneticA__________.

4.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalleds__________features.

5.C__________isaprocessofcombiningtwoormorewordsintoonelexicalunit.

6.P__________studieslanguageinrelationtothemind.

7.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag__________basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

8.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed__________.

9.P__________isinterestedinthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguage.

10.F__________morphemesareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselves.

11.B__________isaprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords.

12.AnEnglishspeakerandChinesespeakerarebothabletousealanguage,buttheyarenotmutuallyintelligible.Thisisacaseofc__________transmission.

13.C__________distributionmeansthattheallophonesofthesamephonemealwaysoccurindifferentphoneticenvironments.

14.Affixeslike“im-”,“il-”,“un-”,“-tion”,“-or”,“-hood”,arecalledd______affixes.

15.Thetwoclausesinacomplexsentenceholdunequalstatus,ones__________theother.

16.Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytothes__________formoflanguage.

17.Ar__________canneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.

18.Languageisp__________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.

19.P_________occuratthebeginningofawordandsuffixesattheend.

20.Historicallinguistsareconcernedwiththehistoricald__________oflanguagesandtheprocessesinvolvedinlanguagechange.

21.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes__________studyoflanguage.

22.D__________meansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhichpresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfarawayplaces.

23.Thesequentialorderofwordsinasentencesuggeststhatthestructureofasentenceisl__________.

24.Lyingacrosstheglottisarethev__________cords,whicharenotreallycordsorstringsasthenameindicates,buttwomembranes.

25.S_________isthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunitiesincludingregional,ethnicandsocialgroups.

26I__________affixesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,degree,andcase.

27.Ad__________studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.

28.Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,c__________canbeviewedasthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.

29.Anacronymisawordcreatedbycombiningthei__________ofanumberofwords.

30Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad__________study.

31.Thestudyofallthesesocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyisknownass__________.

32.O__________,acompoundcanbewrittenasonewordwithorwithoutahyphenin