乔姆斯基语言观.docx

乔姆斯基语言观.docx

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乔姆斯基语言观

OnChomsky’sViewofLanguage

Abstract:

Asapioneerlinguist，NoamChomskyenjoysapositionwithinlinguisticsprobablyunprecedentedinthewholehistoryofthesubject.FromhisfirstbookSyntacticStructures,publishedin1957,hehasbeenengagedinthelinguisticstudyandbroughtmanyinnovativeideastolinguistics,especiallyintheaspectsofgrammaticaltheory.Histheoryofgrammarisundoubtedlythemostdynamicandinfluential.ThisthesisreviewsthedevelopmentofChomsky’slinguistictheoriesanditsphilosophicalfoundationforlinguistics,includinghismajorcontributions,likethetheoryoftransformational-generativegrammarthatrevolutionalizedthescientificstudyoflanguage.ThissystematicandhistoricaloverviewofhislinguisticstudieswillsurelyhelptogetadeeperunderstandingofChomsky’sacademiccontributionsandgiveamathematicallyprecisedescriptionofsomeofthemoststrikingfeaturesoflanguage.

Keywords:

viewoflanguage;philosophicalfoundationforlinguistics

1.Introduction

NoamChomskyisoneofthemostinfluentialthinkersofmoderntimes.Themostcitedwriterinthehumanities,hisworkhasrevolutionizedthefieldoflinguistics,andhasdominatedmanyotherdisciplinesincludingpoliticsandthephilosophyofmindandhumannature.Hehasalsocontributedsignificantlytoourunderstandingoftheabuseofpower,andofthecontrollingeffectsofthemassmedia.

SincetheverydayonwhichChomsky’stheorieswereestablished,therehavebeenmanyarguments.Therearemanyfaithfulfollowers,whilesomepeopleareradicalobjectors.Manyresearcheshavebeenmadeonhislinguisticideasandtherehavebeenquiteafewbreakthroughs.However,mostofthestudyislimitedtoacertaindevelopmentalperiodofhistheories,oranintroductionofacertaintheoreticalwork.

ThisthesisaimstomakeanexplorationofChomsky’slinguisticideas,whichmakesupforthelimitationofpreviousresearches.Thisisnotonlyanexplorationofagreatlinguist’stheory,butalsoanexplorationofthelinguisticdevelopmentsince1957.Bydoingthisresearch,wecanabsorbsomeconduciveexperienceandstudymethods.

Inthefollowingchapter,IwillmakeacomprehensivestudyofChomsky’slinguisticrevolution,namelythetransformationalgrammar.InChapterThree,wecanseethemajordevelopmentalphasesofChomsky’slinguisticideas,fromthetransformationalgrammar,toStandardTheory,ExtendedStandardTheory,REST,GBtoMinimalistProgram.ChapterFourfocusesonthephilosophicalfoundationofhislinguisticconcept,whichconstitutesthebedrockonwhichtherestisbuilt.Inthelastchapter,Iwillsummarizethecreativefindingsandthesignificanceofthem,includingthegreatimpactonthepastandpresentlinguisticstudyandtheoutlookoffuturedevelopment.

2.ChomskyandHisLinguisticIdeas

2.1Biography

NoamChomskywasbornonDecember7,1928inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.HisundergraduateandgraduateyearswerespentattheUniversityofPennsylvaniawherehereceivedhisPhDinlinguisticsin1955.Duringtheyears1951to1955,ChomskywasaJuniorFellowoftheHarvardUniversitySocietyofFellows.WhileaJuniorFellowhecompletedhisdoctoraldissertationentitled,"TransformationalAnalysis."ThemajortheoreticalviewpointsofthedissertationappearedinthemonographSyntacticStructure,whichwaspublishedin1957.Thisformedpartofamoreextensivework,TheLogicalStructureofLinguisticTheory,circulatedinmimeographin1955andpublishedin1975.

ChomskyreceivedafacultypositionattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyin1955andin1961wasappointedfullprofessorintheDepartmentofModernLanguagesandLinguistics（nowtheDepartmentofLinguisticsandPhilosophy.）From1966to1976heheldtheFerrariP.WardProfessorshipofModernLanguagesandLinguistics.In1976hewasappointedInstituteProfessor.

ChomskyhasreceivedhonorarydegreesfromUniversityofLondon,UniversityofChicago,LoyolaUniversityofChicago,SwarthmoreCollege,DelhiUniversity,BardCollege,UniversityofMassachusetts,UniversityofPennsylvania,GeorgetownUniversity,AmherstCollege,CambridgeUniversity,UniversityofBuenosAires,McGillUniversity,UniversitatRoviraIVirgili,Tarragona,ColumbiaUniversity,UniversityofConnecticut,ScuolaNormaleSuperiore,Pisa,UniversityofWesternOntario,UniversityofToronto,HarvardUniversity,UniversityofCalcutta,andUniversidadNacionalDeColombia.HeisaFellowoftheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesandtheNationalAcademyofScience.Inaddition,heisamemberofotherprofessionalandlearnedsocietiesintheUnitedStatesandabroad,andisarecipientoftheDistinguishedScientificContributionAwardoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,theKyotoPrizeinBasicSciences,theHelmholtzMedal,theDorothyEldridgePeacemaker