直接引语和间接引语的转换.docx
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直接引语和间接引语的转换
直接引语和间接引语的转换
作者:
loveyourlife 2006-10-0721:
04星期六晴
直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话要有引号。
直接引语变间接引语实际上是转述他人的陈述、疑惑或问题，不用引号。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
一、注意动词的变化
一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或saidto，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said变为said（that），而saidtosb则变为toldsb。
当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要变为asked/askedsb+if/whether或askedsb+what等特殊疑问词引导的句子。
例如：
Hesaidtome,“Sheisanurse.”
→Hetoldmeshewasnurse
Heasked,“Canyoucomehere?
”
→Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldgothere.
二、注意人称的变化
由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。
①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。
②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。
③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。
例如：
ShesaidtoJack,“Howareyoufeelingnow?
”
→SheaskedJackhowhewasfeelingthen.
“Havetheytastedthemixture?
”heasked.
→Heaskediftheyhadtastedthemixture.
三、注意动词时态的变化
1.直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。
例如：
【考例】Canyoumakesure________thegoldring?
（90全国）
A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput
C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput
【解析】首先考虑的是间接引语部分需使用陈述词序，故排除B和D。
其次考虑的是时态问题。
因为主句使用了一般现在时，如果选择A，使用过去完成时，在这个句子并没有过去时间作参照点，因此不能使用过去完成时。
故选C。
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。
例如：
【考例】—Hurryup!
AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.
—Oh!
Ithoughtthey________withoutme.（05江西卷）
A.wentB.aregoingC.havegoneD.hadgone
【解析】thought原以为。
用过去完成时表示在thought之前发生的动作。
“我以为他们已经走了”。
因为thought用了过去时，从句用相应的过去时态，故选D。
3.直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。
例如：
Myteachersaid,“Stillwaterrunsdeep.”
→Myteachertoldusthatstillwaterrunsdeep.
四、注意状语的变化
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“先前”（例：
now变为then，yesterday变为thedaybefore）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：
this改为that）。
例如：
Tomsaid,“Mysisterwashereaweekago,butsheisnotherenow.”
→Tomsaidthathissisterhadbeenthereaweekbefore,butshewasnottherethen.
五、注意句型的变化
1.直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
例如：
Hesaid,“IamlookingforwardtoseeingLily.”
→HetoldmethathewaslookingforwardtoseeingLily.
2.直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。
例如：
【考例】Iwanttoknow________thethiefwascaughtonthespot.
（’50上海春）
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
【解析】句意：
我想知道小偷是否被当场抓获了。
因为后面表述的是一个疑问，故选D。
3.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
例如：
Kateaskedme,“Whendotheygettogether?
”
→Kateaskedmewhentheygottogether.
4.感叹句的间接引语，其语序不变。
例如：
【考例】Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize_________sillymistakesIhadmade.（’05湖南卷）
A.whatB.thatC.howD.which
【解析】本题考查的是感叹句用作间接引语。
what用来修饰名词，how用来修饰形容词或副词，mistake是名词，要用what引导。
故选A。
5.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell（ask,order,beg等）sb（not）todosth”句型。
例如：
【考例】Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
（’96NMET）
A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
【解析】认真分析语境逻辑可推断出原直接引语为Thedoctorsaidtothepatient.“Don’teatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.”该句为命令型直接引语，其间接引语应使用tell/ask/order/warnsb（not/ever）todosth句型。
故选C。
6.直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）”。
例如：
Shesaid,“Let’sgotovisitGrannyWang.”
→ShesuggestedgoingtovisitGrannyWang.
或ShesuggestedthattheyshouldgotovisitGrannyWang.
直接引语变间接引语练习题
1.Heasked____D____forthecomputer.
A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch
C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?
”heaskedme.→Heaskedme__D_____.
A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilm
C.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm
3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.
→He____C__me_____thewindow.
A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closing
C.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose
4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid__D_______.
A.thatIamateacherB.Iwasateacher
C.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher
5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”→He ___C__-verynaughty.
A.saidhismotherthattheboywas
B.saidtohismotherthattheboyis
C.toldhismotherthattheboywas
D.spoketohismotherthattheboywas
6.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?
”sheasked.
→Sheasked__B______.
A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyou
B.whetherIhadalreadygotwell
C.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.
7.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?
”
→Heaskedme___C______.
A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember
B.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember
C.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguemember
D.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.
8.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?
”→Heasked___C____.
A.howamIgettingalong
B.howareyougettingalong
C.howIwasgettingalong
D.howwasIgettingalong
9.Heaskedme___D_____withme.
A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwas
C.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter
10.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”He___D__me_______thatagain.
A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;don’tdo
C.toldme;don’tdoD.toldme;nottodo
答案与简析：
1.D宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
2.D一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句.3.C直接引语为祈使句,变间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask（请求）,tell（告诉）,order（命令）,invite（邀请）,warn（警告）,advise（建议）等,而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。
即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advisesb.（not）todosth.4.D直接引语为陈述句,变间接引语时用that引导（口语中常省略）。
5.C6.B反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。
7.C选择疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。
8.C直接引语为特殊疑问句,变间接引语时,用特殊疑问词引导,并将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
9.D注意时态的一致。
What作主语，thematter（=wrong）作表语。
10.D参看3。
直接引语怎样变为间接引语
接引语和间接引语
1.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”
Heoftentellsmethat_____willtell_____about_B_____.
A.I…you…themB.he…me…them
C.he…you…usD.I…me…you
2.Jacksaidtome,”Youlookworriedtoday.”
Jacktoldmethat_____worried_____.
A.helooks…todayB.youlook…today
C.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatday
3.Wesaidtoher,”They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”
Wetoldherthat_____throughthestreet______.
A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…now
C.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now
4.Themanthought,”Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”
Themanthoughtthat____takeitback_____.
A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextday
C.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday
5..Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?
”
Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.
A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…that
C.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that
6.“DoyouknowEnglish?
”heasked.
Heaskedif_______English.
A.IknewB.youknowC.heknewD.Iknow
7.Hesaid,“DoIhaveanythingtodowithher?
”
Heasked____anythingtodowith_____。
A.ifdidhehave…meB.ifhehad…me
C.whetherhehad…herD.whetherhehad…her
8.IsaidtoJenny,“Areyougettingonwellwithhimnow?
”
IaskedJenny_____gettingonwellwithhim____.
A.whetherwasshe…thenB.ifshewas…then
C.howwasI…nowD.howIwas…now
9.Jacksaidtoher,”Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?
”
Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.
A.shespendherB.youspendyour
C.shespentherD.youspentyour
10.Theteacheraskedher,“|Doesthesunriseintheeast?
”
Theteacheraskedher____thesun____intheeast.
A.if…riseB.if…rises
C.whether…roseD.whetherdid…rise
11.Tomtoldmethathe_____.
A.willhelpmewithmygeography
B.willhelpmeformygeography
C.wouldhelpmewithmygeography
D.wouldhelpmeformygeography
12.Pleasetellme____thesebooksyoulikebest.
A.whatB.whatofC.whichD.whichof
13.Heaskedme_____myhomewas.
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.when
14..Theboysaid,”Idon’tlikedancing.”
Theboysaid____likedancing.
A.Idon’tB.hedoesn’tC.Ididn’tD.thathedidn’t
15.Shesaidtome,“I’mlivinginasmallvillagenow“
A.Shesaidtomesheislivinginasmallvillagenow
B.ShesaidtomethatIamlivinginasmallvillagenow
C.Shetoldmethatshewaslivinginasmallvillagethen
D.Shetoldmethatshelivedinasmallvillagethen.
16.Thestudentssaid,”Wehavefinishedcleaningourclassroom.”
Thestudentssaid_____cleaning_____classroom.
A.theyhadfinished…theirB.theyfinished…their
C.theyhavefinished…theirD.wehadfinished…our
17.“Ifyouaren’thereontimetomorrow.”MrBlacksaidtoJenny,“I’llwriteyourparentsaboutthis.”
MrBlacktoldJennythat_______.
A.hewillwritetoherparentsaboutthisifsheisn’thereontimetomorrow.
B.hewouldwritetoherparentsaboutthisifshewasn’therontimethenextday.
C.hewouldwritetoherparentsaboutthatifshewasn’tthereontimethenextday.
D.hewasgoingtowritetoherparentsaboutthatifshewasn’tthereontimethenextday.
18.Theboyoftensays,“I’mgoingtobeaplayerwhenIgrowup.”
Theboyoftensays____beaplayerwhen_____.
A.hewasgoingto…hegrewupB.heisgoingto…hegrowsup
C.hewould…hegrewupD.Iwasgoingto…Igrewup
19.Theteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”
Theteachersaidtousthatlight____muchfasterthansound.
A.willtravelB.traveledC.travelsD.wastraveling
20.“Areyougoingtoyourhometownthissummer?
”hesaid.
A.HetoldmethatIwasgoingtomyhometownthissummer.
B.HesaidthatifIwasgoingtomyhometownthatsummer
C.HeaskedmewhetherwasIgoingtohishometownthissummer
D.HeaskedmeifIwasgoingtomyhometownthatsummer.
21.“Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?
”askedMother.
Motheraskedus______.
A.ifIwouldlikecoffeeandtea
B.ifwouldIlikecoffeeortea
C.whetherIwouldlikecoffeeortea
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