句子结构.docx
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句子结构
Sentencepatterns:
1.SimpleSentences
1.1S+Vt+宾语
1.1.1S+Vt+O
a.n/proneg.Ilikethebook
b.todoeg.Hedecidedtogiveupsmoking.
c.Vingeg.Ican’thelplaughing.
[Admit---appreciate---anticipate---
avoid---can’thelp---can’tstand---can’tresist
Consider---delay---postpone---deny---
fancy---dislike---don’tmind---mind---enjoy
Practice---putoff---suggest---lookforward
to---resume]
d.todo/doing
need/want/require+tobedone
/doing
start/begin+todo/doing
forget/remember/regret+todo/doing
stop/goon+todo/doing
meantodo/doing
e.clause
eg.Theyprovedthattheearthwasround.
1.1.2S+V+O1+O2
a.n/pron+n
egIowedhim$50.
eg.Shekissedhermothergoodbye.
Eg.Maryenvyyouyourslenderstature.
b.n/pron+clause
eg.Tomremindsmethatwearemeetingat8.
Eg.Heassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.
1.1.3S+v+O+complement(补语)
a.Adj.
EgShefoundhisjobratherboring.
EgIconsiderhimtrustworthy.
EgThefacthasprovedhisviewright.
EgIwishyouhappy.
b.n.
egWeallcallthebooka
masterpiece.
EgTheycalltheirdaughterMary.
c.adv.
EgWewenttoherhousebutfound
herout.
d.prep.Phrases
eg.Ifoundherinbettershape
whenwemetagain.
e.todo/do
advise/allow/require/invite/force/want/permit/
prefer+sb.todosth.
make/let/have/hear/notice/watch/feelsb.dosth
f.ved/ving
hear/see/watch/find/get/have/notice/
make/keep+n+ved/ving
EgYoumustmakeyourselfrespected.
1.2S+Vi
1.2.1S+Vi
egThesunisrising.
2.2.2S+Vi+adv
egDoyousleepwell?
Thewindowwon’tshut.
Thisclothwasheswell.
Thisbooksellswell.
1.3S+linkverb+表语
a.adj
egShefeltangry.
b.adv
eg.Tomisout.
c.n/pron
egHeappearedafool.
EgItsoundsgood.
d.prepphrase
egThemeetingisofimportance.
Theworkerswereonstrike.
e.todo
egYourjobistomakesurethat
theworkisfinishedonschedule.
f.clause
egThereasonformylateness
isthatImissedthebus.
EgThisiswhatIwishtodo.
2.ComplexSentences
[2.1]Nominalsentences
[2.2]Attributivesentences
[2.3]Adverbialsentences
[2.1]Nominalsentencesledby“that,what,whatever,
when,who,whom,why”andsoon.
2.1.1SubjectClause
Eg1Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.
=Itiscertainthatthepricewillgoup.
Itissaid/reported/believed/estimatedthat…
Itisobvious/apparent/clearthat…
Itisimportant/critical/crucial/
essential/necessary/urgentthat…
Eg2Whathedidwasright.
Whatisoverisover.
Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.
Whyheleftwasn’timportant.
Whenhewillbebackdependsmuchontheweather.
2.1.2ObjectClause
EgIhear(that)shehasjoinedtheclub.
Irememberthatheoncetoldaboutthat.
Showmewhatyou’vebought.
ShebegantocriticizewhatIhaddone.
Takewhicheverseatyoulike.
Giveittowhomeveryoulike.
2.1.3AppositiveClause
Eg.Therewasnodoubtthathewasafinedoctor.
Ihavecometotheconclusionthatitwon’tbewisetodoso.
Thereissomepossibilitythathemaybelate.
Ihadnoideawhysheleft.
[2.2Attributivesentences]
限制性定语从句结构模式:
A先行词+关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose)+句子
B先行词+关系副词(when/where/why)+句子
C先行词+介词+关系代词(which/whom/whose)+句子
Eg1Heisthepersonwhomeanswhathesays.
2TheforeignerswhomyoumetonthecampusyesterdayarefromCanada.
3Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhosefatherisadoctor?
4Ilikethebookwhosecolorisblue.
5Manypeopleliketoreadthosestoriesthatareinteresting.
6Thisismyfavoritebookwhich/thatI
choose.
2.2.1定语从句中引导词that与which的异同
2.2.1.1只能用that不能用which的情况
a.当先行词既指人又指物
egHetalkedofthemanandthebooksthatinterestedhim.
b.当先行词为all或指物的不定代词(anything/nothing/everything/
much/little/none)
egAllthatIwantispeace.
c.当先行词被
only/all/any/every/no/some/very/few/first/second…修饰时
eg.Anyboythatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.
d.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
egNewtonwasoneofthegreatestmenthateverlived.
HeisthecleverestmanthatIhavemet.
Heisthefirststudentthathasarrivedhere.
2.2.1.2在非限制性定语从句中只能用which不能用that
egItissaidthatourclassisthemostexcellentoneinGreatone,whichmakesmehappy.
Shesaid:
“Wehasdoneourbest”,whichwastrue.
ASthehistorysays,thepastwasnotwonderful.
ASisshownbythehistory,thepastwasnotwonderful.
2.2.2先行词+关系副词(when/where/why)+句子
egIshallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.
ThatistheplacewherehestayedwhenhewasinLondon.
Thereasonwhyshecamesoearlyisherownaffair.
Ithoughtthereasonthat/whichhegavewasbelievable.
2.2.3先行词+介词+关系代词(which/whom/whose)+句子中介词来源
egHeistellingthestoryofLeifeng,
ofwhomeveryoneofusisproud.
Ican’tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.
Soundisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.
Thisistheringonwhichshespent$1000.
[2.3]Adverbialsentences
2.3.1时间状语从句(when,as,since,while,before,after,until,till,whenever,theminute,thesecond/themoment,assoonas,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen)
Eg.Nosoonerhadshearrivedthanshebegantocomplain.
Hardlyhadwegotoutwhenitbegantosnow.
ScarcelyhadIcomeinwhenthephonerang.
2.3.2地点状语从句
EgWherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Wherethereisfire,thereissmoke.
2.3.3条件状语从句
EgIfitrains,we’llputofthemeeting.
Iwillgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.
Supposing/suppose/Assuming(that)
youlostyourjobtomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?
Wewillstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.
2.3.4原因状语从句(because/as/since/nowthat)
egNowthatyou’veonyourown,youshoulddealwithitbyyourself.
2.3.5结果状语从句(so/sothat/so…that/such
that)
egHeransofastthatnobodycouldcatchup
withhim.
Sofastdidherunthatnobodycouldcatchup
withhim.
2.3.6让步状语从句
(although/though/eventhough/evenif/nomatterhow/while/as)
egAlthougheveryoneplayedwell,welostthegame.
Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idon’tknowthemwell.
Cleverthoughshewas,shecouldn’tpasstheexam.
Intelligentashewas,hehadnothadinsight.
2.3.7目的状语从句(inorderthat/sothat/lest/incasethat/forfearthat…以防万一)
egHehidthemoney,lestitshouldbestolen.
Sheworriedforfearthathersonwouldbehurt.
Pleasecall119incasethatthefirehappens.
2.3.8方式状语从句(as/theway)
egWhenatRome,doastheRomansdo.
IwasneverallowedtodothingsthewayIwantedtodo.
2.3.9比较状语从句
YousingbetterthanIdo.