职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案.docx

职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案.docx

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职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案

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职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案

2013年职称英语考试理工类A级-阅读理解练习题及答案

APhoneThatKnowsYou'reBusy

It'samodernproblem：

you'retoobusytobedisturbedbyincessant（连续不断的）phonecallssoyouturnyourcellphoneoff.Butifyoudon'tremembertoturnitbackonwhenyou'relesscouldmisssomeimportantcallsifonlythephoneknewwhenitwaswisetointerruptyou，youwouldn'thavetoturnitoffatall.Instead，itcouldletcallsthroughwhenyouarenottoobusy

Abunchofbehaviorsensors（传感器）andacleverpieceofsoftwarecoulddojustthat，byanalyzingyourbehaviortodetermineifit'sagoodtimetointerruptbuiltintoaphone，thesystemmaydecideyou'retoobusyandaskthecallertoleaveamessageorringbacklater.

JamesFogartyandScottHudsonatCamegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniabasedtheirsystemoiltinymicrophones，camerasandtouchsensorsthatrevealbodylanguageandactivity.Firsttheyhadtostudydifferentbehaviorstofindoutwhichonesstonglypredictwhetheryourmindisinterrupted

Thepotential"busyness"signalstheyfocusedonincludedwhethertheofficedoorswereleftopenorclosed，thetimeofday，ifotherpeoplewerewiththepersoninquestion，howclosetheyweretoeachother,andwhetherornotthecomputerwasinuse.

Thesensorsmonitoredtheseandmanyotherfactorswhilefoursubjectswereatwork.Atrandomintervals，thesubjectsratedhowinterruptibletheywereonascalerangingfrom"highlyinterruptible''to"highlynot-interruptible".Theirratingswerethencorrelatedwiththevariousbehaviors."Itisashotgun（随意的）approach：

weusedalltheindicatorswecouldthinkofandthenletstatisticsfindoutwhichwereimportant，"saysHudson

Themodelshowedthatusingthekeyboard，andtalkingonalandlineortosomeoneelseintheofficecorrelatedmoststronglywithhowinterruptiblethesubjectsjudgedthemselvestobe.

Interestingly，thecomputerwasactuallybetterthanpeopleatpredictingwhensomeonewastoobusytobeinterrupted.Thecomputergotitright82percentofthetime，humans77percent.Fogartyspeculatesthatthismightbebecausepeopledoingtheinterruptingareinevitablybiasedtowardsdeliveringtheirmessage，whereascomputersdon'tcare.

ThefirstapplicationforHudsonandFogarty'ssystemislikelytobeinaninstantmessagingsystem，followedbyofficephonesandcellphones."Thereisnotechnologicalroadblock（障碍）toitbeingdeployedinacoupleofyears，"saysHudson

36Abigproblemfacingpeopletodayisthat

Atheymusttoleratephonedisturbancesormissimportantcalls.

Btheymustturnofftheirphonestokeeptheirhomesquiet.

Ctheyhavetoswitchfromadesktopphonetoacellphone.

Dtheyaretoobusytomakephonecalls.

37Thebehaviorsensorandsoftwaresystembuiltinaphone

Acouldhelpstoremessages.

Bcouldsendmessagesinstantly

Ccouldtellwhenitiswisetointerruptyou.

Dcouldidentifyimportantphonecalls.

38ScientistsatCarnegieMenonUniversitytriedtofindout

Awhyofficedoorswereoften1eftopen.

Bwhenitwasagoodtimetoturnoffthecomputer.

Cwhatquestionsofficeworkerswerebotheredwith.

Dwhichbehaviorscouldtellwhetherapersonwasbusy

39Duringtheexperiment，thesubjectswereasked

Atocontrolthesensorsandthecamera.

Btoratethedegreestowhichtheycouldbeinterrupted.

Ctocomparetheirbehaviorswithothers'.

Dtoanalyzealltheindicatorsofinterruption.

40Thecomputerperformedbetterthanpeopleinthestudybecause

Athecomputerworkedharder.

Bthecomputerwasnotbusy

Cpeopletendedtobebiased.

Dpeoplewerenotgoodatstatistics.

参考答案：

36A该题问的是：

当今人们面临的一个大的问题是什么文章第～句就给出了答案：

人们太忙了，不能被连续不断的电话骚扰。

要么关闭手机。

37c第二段中的that是代词，指上段最后两旬句子的内容。

而答案在第一句的后半部分：

确定何时适合打扰你。

38D本题题干的意思是在CamegieMellon大学的科学家试图找出……答案在第三段最后一句，第四段第一句也给出了部分答案。

39B本题问的是实验中，受试者被要求干什么答案在第五段第二句：

受试者对是否可被打断工作做出评定，评定范围从"完全可以被打断"到"完全不能被打断".

40c本题和倒数第二段第一句有关，说的是实验中电脑比人表现得好，问原因是什么这段最后一句说了，peopledoingtheinterruptingareinevitablybiased…，即人有偏见，故c为答案。

TheExplodingLakesofCameroon

WhatcomestomindwhenyouthinkofalakeYouprobablyimagineaprettyscenewithbluewater，birds，andthepeopleinthenorthwesternCameroon，however,theimageisverydifferent.Forthem，lakesmaymeanterribledisasters.In1984，poisonousgasesexplodedoutofLakeMonounandcamedownintothenearbyvillages，killingthirty-sevenyearslater,LakeNyoseruptedAcloudofgasesrolleddownthehillsandintothevalleysandkilled1,700people.

LakeNyosandLakeMonounarecrater（火山口）lakesTheywereformedwhenwatercollectedinthecratersofoldvolcanoesThevolcanoesunderLakeNyosandLakeMonounarenotactiveanymore.However,poisonousgasesfromthecenteroftheearthcontinuetoflowupthroughcracksinthebottomofthelake.Thisisnormalinacraterlake.Inmostcraterlakes，thesegasesarereleasedoftenbecausethewater'turnsover'is，thewaterfromthebottomofthelakerisesandmixeswiththewateratthetop，allowingthegasestoescapeslowly.

However，inLakesNyosandMonoun，thereisnoregularturningoneknowsthereasonforthisfact，butasaresult，theselakeshavemoregasestappedatthebottomthanothercraterlakes.Infact，scientistswhohavestudiedLakesNyosandMonounhavefound16,000timesmoreastrongwind，coolweatherastorm，oralandslide（滑坡）causesthewatertoturnoversuddenly，thegasesescapeinaviolentexplosion.

Inthepast，nooneknewwhenthegasesmightexplode，sotherewasnowayforthevillagerstoescapedisaster.NowscientistsfromtheUnitedStates，France，andCameroonhavefoundawaytoreducethegaspressureatthebottomofLakestooda672-footplasticpipeinthemiddleofthelake，withoneendofthepipenearthebottomandtheotherendinthethetopofthepipe，theteamputseveralholesthatcouldbeopenedorclosedbya，whenthegaspressuregetstoohigh，theholesareopenedandsomeofthegas-filledwatershootsupthroughthepipeintotheairlikealesspressure，adisastrousexplosionismuchless,thescientistsarenotsurethatonepipewillbeenoughtopreventhopetoputinotherssoonandtheyplantoinstallasimilarpipeandacomputersystematLakeMonounaswell.

Toprotectpeoplenearbyuntilallofthepipesareinscientistshaveinstalledearlywarningsystemsatbothlakes.Ifthegaspressurerisestoadangerouslevel，computerswillsetoffloudsirens（警报）andbrightlightstowarnthepeopleintheway,theywillhavetimetoescapefromthedangerousgases.

41WhatwillhappenwhenLakeNyosandLakeMonounexplode

AWaterwillflowdownthehills

BPoisonousgaseswillbereleasedsuddenly.

CAstrongwindwillrisefromthelakes

DThevolcanoeswillcometolife.

42WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLakeNyosandLakeMonounistrue

ATheywereformedin1984.

BTheyareatthetopoftwoactivevolcanoes.

CTheyarenotlikemostothercraterlakes.

DWaterinthemturnsoverregularly.

43LakeNyosandLakeMonounexplodebecause

Athegasesrisetothetopandmixwithair.

Bpeoplefromthevillagesturnoverthewater.

Cscientistshaveputinacomputersystem.

Dtheyhavemoregasestrappedatthebottomthanothercraterlakes

44Ateamofscientistshas

Aerectedapressure-releasingpipeinthelake

Bidentifiedthegasesatthebottomofthelake

Cbuiltabeautifulfountainnearthelakes

Dremovedalldangerousgasesfromthelakes

45Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph

AScientistsareplanningtoinstallpipesinallcraterlakes.

BScientistsstilldonotknowhowtopreventgasexplosions

CExplosiondisasterscouldbeavoidedinthefuture

DWarningsystemshavebeensetupinthevillagesnearby.

参考答案：

41B该题问的是Nyos和Monoun两湖喷发时会出现什么情况第一段第五句提到，Monoun喷发时有毒气体随之而出。

两年后，Nyos湖喷发时也出现类似情况。

故B为答案。

42c本题为细节题。

问的是关于Nyos和Monoun两湖哪句陈述是正确的选项A说的是两湖于1984年形成的，不符合原文意思。

选项B的意思是：

他们坐落在两座活活火山上，也与原文意思不符。

选项D说的是湖中的水定期翻滚，均与原文不符。

只有选项c正确。

43D题句的意思是：

Nyos和Monoun两湖发生喷发的原因是什么前三个选项均与原文意思不符，答案见第三段第二句。

44A本题问的是一队科学家干了什么工作第四段第三句提到他们在湖里立了一根释放湖底气压的管子。

故A为答案。

45c本题问的是在文章最后一段我们了解到了什么文章最后一段主要讲的是在所有的湖里竖起缓解湖底气压的管子后，就不会有危险。

故选项c为正确答案。

WhenWeAreAsleep

Everyonedreams，butsomepeopleneverrecalltheirdreams，ordosoveryrarely.Otherpeoplealwayswakeupwithvividrecollections（记忆）oftheirdreams，thoughtheyforgetthemveryquickly.Inanaveragenightofeighthours'sleep，anaverageadultwilldreamforaroundonehundredminutes，probablyhavingthreetofivedreams，eachlastingfromtentothirtyminutes.Scientistscandetectwhensomeoneishavingadreambyusinganinstrumentwhichmeasurestheelectricalwavesinthebrain.Duringdreaming,thesewavesmovemorequickly.Breathingandpulseratealsoincrease，andtherearerapideyemovementsunderthelids,justasthoughthedreamerwerereallylookingatmovingobjects.Thesesignsofdreaminghavebeendetectedinallmammals（哺乳动物）studied,includingdogs,monkeys,cats,andelephants,andalsosomebirdsandreptiles（爬行动物）.Thisperiodofsleepiscalledthe"D"stateforaround50%oftheirsleep;theperiodreducestoaround25%bytheageof10.

Dreamstaketheformofstories，buttheymaybestrangeandwithincidentsnotconnected，whichmakelittlesense.Dreamsareseldomwithoutpeopleinthemandtheyareusuallyaboutpeopleweknow.Oneestimatesaysthattwo-thirdsofthe"cast"ofourdreamdramasarefriendsandrelations.Visionseemsanessentialpartofdreams，exceptforpeopleblindfrombirth.Soundandtoucharesensesalsooftenaroused，butsmellandtastearenotfrequentlyinvolved.In"normal"dreams，thedreamermaybetakingpart，orbeonlyanobserver.Butheorshecannotcontrolwhathappensinthedream.

However,thedreamerdoeshavecontroloveronetype