航海英语50阅读和答案.docx
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航海英语50阅读和答案
阅读题
Passage01
Merchantshipsaredesignedtocarrycargo.Somearealsodesignedtocarrypassengers.Theycanoperateasliners.Theseareemployedonregularroutesonafixedtimetable.Alistoftheirarrivalanddeparturedatesispublishedinadvanceandtheysailwhetherfullornot.Linerscanbeclassedaseitherdeep-sealinersorshort-sealiners.Theformercarrymainlycontainerizedcargoacrosstheoceansoftheworld;thelatercarrycontainerizedorconventionalcargoonshorterroutes.Ferriesarealsoclassedasliners.Theseofferadailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehiclesacrosschannelsandnarrowseas.Afewshipsarestillemployedaspassengerliners.TheynotonlycarrypassengersbutalsosomecargoonroutesfromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast.Nowadaysthepassengertradeisverysmallandpassengerlinersusuallyoperateascruiseshipsforpartoftheyear.
001.Thedeep-sealiners________.
A.carrymainlycontainerizedcargo
B.carrymainlyconventionalcargo
C.offeradailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehicles
D.sailacrosschannelsandnarrowseas.
002.TheLiners________.
A.alwayssailfullB.sailregularlyevennotfull
C.alwayssailinballastD.willnotsailifnotfull
003.Alistofthearrivalanddeparturedatesofliners________.
A.willbepublishedweekly
B.willbepublishedwhentheysail,whetherfullornot,fromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast
C.willnotbepublishedeventheysailfullyloaded
D.ispublishedpriortotheirdeparture
004.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.
A.thenumberofpassengershipsissmall
B.allpassengershipswillcarrysomecargoinnearfuture
C.itisnotnecessaryforlinerstosailinregulartime
D.containercarriersshouldcarrysomepassengers
Passage02
Nowadays,mostmerchantshipsarebuilttocarrycargoes.Andtheymainlyoperateastramps.Thesevesselsdonotsailonregularroutesorkeeptoafixedtimetable,butareemployedwherethereiscargoforthemtocarry.Trampscanbeclassedasdeep-seatrampsorshort-seatramps.Anumberareclassedascoasters.Theseplyoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports.Thetraditionaltrampcargoesaredrybulkcargoes,butsomearedesignedtocarrygeneralcargoes.
Alargenumberofmerchantshipsoperateasspecializedvessels.Thesearedesignedtocarryaparticulartypeofcargo.Thereareseveraltypesofspecializedvessel.Themostcommonareoiltankers.Theyareownedbythemajoroilcompaniesorbyindependentoperators.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearechemicalcarriersandliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)carriers.
005.Thedeep-seatramps________.
A.carrybulkandgeneralcargoacrossthehighseas
B.arebuilttocarrypassengers
C.aremainlycoasters
D.arespecializedvessel
006.Thecoasters________.
A.alwayssailacrossthehighseas
B.commonlycarryoilcargo
C.aremainlytankers
D.sailoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports
007.TheimportanceofLNGcarriers________.
A.isgrowing
B.isnotmentionedinpassage
C.isdecreasing
D.willbediscussedfurtherifnecessary
008.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.
A.thenumberofspecializedvesselsisnotsmall
B.alloiltankerswillcarrysomechemicalsinnearfuture
C.thetrampsandspecializedvesselsarethebasictypeofmerchantships.
D.containercarriersshouldnotbeclassedastramps
Passage03
Cargoshipscanbedividedintotwobasictypes.Onetypecarriesdrycargo,theothercarriesliquidcargo;however,anOBOshipisdesignedtocarryboth.Atraditionaldrycargoshipisthemulti-deckvessel.Herholdsaredividedhorizontallybyoneortwo'tweendecks,becausethesemakestowageofindividualpackageseasier.Drybulkcargoiscarriedinbulkcarriers.Thesedonothave'tweendecksascargoiscarriedloose.Themostmoderntypeofdrycargocarrieristhecontainership.Theycarrycontainersofstandarddimensions,consequentlystowageiseasier.Fruit,meatanddairyproducearecarriedinrefrigeratedships.Oiltankersarethemostcommontypeofliquidcargocarrier.Theyareoftenverylarge,becausehugequantitiesofoilneedtobetransportedandonelargevesselismoreeconomicaltooperatethantwosmallerones.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearetheliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)carrierandthechemicalcarrier,althoughchemicalcanalsobecarriedindrumsingeneralcargoships.
009.Thereare________typesofliquidbulkcarrier.
A.2B.3
C.4D.5
010.Amulti-deckvesselhas________tweendecks.
A.hasmanyB.no
C.onlyoneD.hasuptotwo
011.Fruit,meatanddairyproducearecarriedin________.
A.containerscarriersB.traditionalships
C.OBOshipsD.refrigeratedships
012.Thetypesofdrycargocarriersmentionedinthepassageare________.
A.tweendeckers,OBOships
B.traditionaldrycargoshipandmulti-deckvessel
C.OBOships,oiltankers,chemicaltankersandLNGcarriers
D.drycargoship,drybulkcargocarrier,containercarriersandrefrigeratedships
Passage04
Theaxialthrustofthepropelleristheforceworkinginaforeandaftdirection.Thisforcecausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoastern.Becauseofhershape,ashipwillmoveaheadthroughthewatermoreeasilythangoingastern.
Thetransversethrustisthesidewaysforceofthepropellerasitrotates.Thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewaterisnotstrongenoughtocounteracttheoppositeeffectofthelowerblades.Forright-handedpropellersthiscantstheship'ssterntostarboardandherbowtoport,whentheshipisgoingahead.Theeffectissmallandcanbecorrectedbytherudder.Whentheenginesareputastern,theeffectistheoppositeandthesterncantstoport.Thiseffectisstrongerandcannoteasilybecorrected.Vesselswithleft-handedpropellersbehaveintheoppositeway.
013.Theforcethatcausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoasternisknownas________.
A.axialthrust
B.transversethrust
C.thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewater
D.thetransverseeffectofthelowerbladesofthepropellernearthebottomofthewater
014.Aleft-handedpropellers,whentheshipisgoingahead,willcantship'ssternto________.
A.starboardB.port
C.tomoveaheadD.moveastern
015.Thetransversethrustofthepropellerisstrongerwhentheshipis________.
A.goingastern
B.goingahead
C.stopped
D.makingnowaythroughthewater
016.Thetransversethrustofthepropellercanmainlybeovercomeby________.
A.therudderB.thepropelleritself
C.thenauticalinstrumentD.windandtide
Passage05
TheChiefOfficer,orFirstMateasheisoftencalled,istheMaster'schiefofficerandheadoftheDeckDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecondOfficer(Mate),aThirdOfficer(Mate),andsometimesaFourthOfficer(Mate).SeveralcompaniesemployaFirstOfficeraswellasaChiefOfficer.TheDeckDepartmentalsoincludesaBoatswain(Bosun)andaCarpenter,bothpettyofficers,andanumberofratings.ThesemadeupofAbleSeamen(AB),OrdinarySeamen(OS)andamiddlegradeknownasEfficientDeckHands(EDH).Thereareothergradesofseamen.OnsomeshipsNavigatingCadetsarecarriedfortrainingpurposes.
TheChiefEngineerisheadoftheEngineDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecond,Third,FourthandsometimesFifthEngineer.AnElectricalOfficermayalsobecarried.TheengineroompettyofficersaretheStorekeeperandDonkeyman.OntankersthereisalsoaPumpman.Heisalsoapettyofficer.TheengineroomratingsareFiremenandGreasers.TheremayalsobeEngineerCadets.
TheCateringDepartmentisundertheChiefSteward.Itisdividedintoasaloonandgalleysection.TheformerisheadedbytheSecondSteward,thelatterbytheShip'sCook.Theyarebothusuallypettyofficers.Theyareassistedbyseveralstewardsandcooks,andbyanumberofjuniorratings.
TheRadioDepartmentoftenconsistsofonlyoneman:
theRadioOfficer.Onshipswherecontinuousradiowatchesarekepttheremaybethreeradioofficers:
aChief,SecondandThird.
017.________isnotapettyofficer.
A.BoatswainB.SecondSteward
C.RadioOfficer.D.Storekeeper
018.EDHisrankwhichishigherthan________.
A.SecondStewardB.AB
C.OSD.ChiefEngineer
019.Storekeeperbelongto________.
A.DeckDeptB.EngineDept
C.CateringDeptD.RadioDept
020.Thereare________departmentsonbardabigshipaccordingtothepassage.
A.twoB.three
C.fourD.five
Passage06
WhileeveryeffortismadetoensurethatthedataprovidedthroughtheNoticestoMarinersserviceisaccurate,theuserneedstobeawareoftheriskstocorruptionofdata.Itisimportantthattheusershouldonlyusethedataonsuitableequipmentandthat,otherapplicationsshouldnotberunningontheuser'smachineatthesametime.Usersshouldexercisetheirprofessionaljudgementintheuseofdata,andalsoconsulttheMarinersHandbook(NP100)forfurtherdetails.Theuserneedstobeawarethatthereisapossibilitythatdatacouldbecorruptedduringtransmission,orintheprocessofdisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment,orifconvertedtoothersoftwareformats,andisaccordinglyadvisedthattheUKHOcannotacceptresponsibilityforanysuchchange,oranymodificationsorunauthorisedchanges,madebylicensees,orotherparties.
021.Thedatamaybecomecorruptedinanyofthefollowingprocessexcept_______.
A.duringtransmission
B.inthedisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment
C.inconvertingtoothersoftwareformats
D.inairmaildeliverytothereaders
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