新概念英语介词.docx
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新概念英语介词
介词
金牌要点:
“英语是介词和动词的语言”,由此可见,掌握介词的用法何其重要。
学习介词的最好方法是要弄清楚介词与介词之间位置上的关系,请参考下图:
I.分类:
1.常用简单介词:
about,across,against,among,after,at,behind,besides,beyond,by,concerning,beneath,between,despite,except,during,down,for,from,past,than,under,until等。
2.合成介词:
inside,outside,onto,outof,within等。
3.短语介词:
accordingto,aheadof,alongwith,asfor,becauseof,bemeansof,dueto,inspiteof,onbehalfof,owingto,withregardto等。
II.介词与“……的”之关系:
在英语学习中,一遇到“……的”,大家就会立刻想到’s所有格或者of。
实际上,在很多情况下,“……的”必须借助于介词才能准确表达。
以下请同学们重复记忆:
●美国的冬天→thewinterinAmerica
●停车场的入口→theentrancetotheparkinglot
●穿过森林的小路→thepaththroughtheforest
●鲁迅的著作→theworksbyLuXun
●水中的月亮→themoonreflectedinwater
●历史的见证→thewitnesstohistory
●对爱的渴望→alongingforlove
●对我们不利的证据→theevidenceagainstus
●阳光下的漫步→awalkinthesunlight
●追求名誉的女人→aladyafterfame
●两人之间的争论→anargumentbetweenthetwopersons
重要介词的重要用法:
(1)from:
此介词表示“to”相反的方向。
HecamefromLondon.
HewenttoLondon.
二词常搭配使用“from...to...”
WestudiedEnglishfrommorningtoafternoon.
He'llstartfromBeijingtoShanghai.
经典用法:
●由于→Thegirlistremblingfromfear.
●免除→Trampsarealwaysfreefromcare.流浪汉们总是无忧无虑。
●分开→Thecouplepartedfromeachotherattheairport.
●由……制成→Theredwineismadefromgrapes.红葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。
由from引导的惯用法:
fromfar从远处
fromnow/thenon从现在/那时起
frombadtoworse每况愈下
fromtimetotime(occasionally时而)
习语:
Shecomestovisitmefromtimetotime.
(2)outof:
表示与"into"相反的语意。
Hewillbeoutoftown.
Isteppedoutofthedarkroom.
outof+名词(=lack,tobewithout用完,用光)
Hewenttotheshopbecausehewasoutofpaper.
outofdate(=old-fashioned过时的)
Thebookhasbeenoutofdate.
outofwork(=jobless失业的)
Heneedsmoneybecausebeisoutofwork.
outofthequestion(=impossible不可能的)
Finishingthehardworkisoutofthequestion.
outofquestion(=doubtless毫无疑问的)
Thathecandoitwellisoutofquestion.
outoforder(=notfunctioning失灵的)
Herradioisoutoforder,soshecan'tlistentoit.
(3)by:
表示从旁经过或在……附近。
Hepassedbymewithoutsayinghello.
Helivesbythesea.
经典用法:
●通过→Thisisthenearestroadbywhichtheycame.
●在……时候→Theyoungmanworksbydayandstealsmoneybynight.
●由……所生→Hehastwosonsbyhersecondwife.
●抓住→Shecaughtherchildbyhiscoatintheflood.
●按……计算→Thefarmersselltheirapplesbythepound.
●就(气质,特征)而言→Heisanartistbytemperament(气质).
用于被动语意,导出动作执行者:
Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.
by+具体时间:
Theyusuallyhavedinnerby8o'clock.
by+交通工具(bus,train,plan...):
HetravelledtoParisbyair/plane.
bytheendof+时间名词:
到……末为止
Bytheendoflastyear,theyhadlearnt100texts.
Bytheendofthisterm,theywillhavelearnt100texts.
bythen:
到那时
Hewillgraduatein1999,bythenhewillleaveBeijing.
bywayof(=via):
经由,取道
TheyaregoingtotheUnitedStatesbywayofHongKong.
bytheway:
顺便问
Bytheway,doyouknowwhereMr.Lihasgone?
byfar:
……得多(用于修饰比较级和最高级)
Thebookisbyfarthebestonthesubject.
byaccident:
不小心,与onpurpose(故意地)语意相反
Thewronginformationwasputintothecomputerbyaccident.
(4)in:
在……内部,与"out"语意相反。
Allthestudentsareintheclassroom.
in+month/year:
在某月/年
inJanuary,in2000
intime:
及时
Theyarrivedatthestationintime.
intheway挡住去路
Hecouldn'tdrivehiscarawaybecauseabigstonewasintheway.
onceinawhile时而
Onceinawhile,hewenttotheMuseum.
innotimeatall立刻,迅速
Hefinishedhishomeworkinnotimeatall.
inthemeantime同时
Hewashavingsupper,andinthemeantimehewatchedTV.
inarow坐在某一排上
Wesatinthe20throwofthecinema.
intheeventthat如果
Intheeventthatyoupasstheexam,I'lltelephoneyou.
incase万一,如果
Bringyouraincoatincaseitrains.
inthestreet在街上
inthepast在过去
inthefuture在未来
inthebeginning开始,起初
intheend最后,终于
getintouchwith与……取得联系
keepintouchwith与……保持联系
(5)on:
位于某物体表面上。
Thedishesareontheroundtable.
onaday/date在某天及某天的上,下午,晚上
onWednesday,onFebruary9th,1999
onFridayafternoon,onadarknight.
ona/the+(bus,plane,ship,train,bike)
Hewenttoschoolonabus.
ona...street在某条街道
Mrs.Smithliveson5th'Avenue.
onthecorner(oftwostreets)在两条街道相交的一角
Thatshoestoreisonthecornerof2ndStreetand5thAvenue.
onthetelevision/theradio在电视/收音机里
ThemanagerwillmakeaspeechontheTV.
onthetelephone打电话
Youarewantedonthephone.有您的电话
onsale出售
Thebooksareonsalefor$7each.
onthefloorofabuilding位于某层楼
ontime准时(比intime具体)
onthesidewalk在人行道上
ontheway在途中
ontheright/left在右侧/左侧
onthewhole总的来说,总体上
ontheonehand,ortheotherhand一方面,另一方面
onfoot步行
(6)at:
此介词通常用来指某一特定时间和地点。
at+地点
Mr.Smithlivesat15,16thAvenue.
注:
在某条街道On...street,而在某街某号应用at。
at+特定时间
At7:
00inthemorning,hegoestowork.
athome/school/work在家上学上班
atnight在