自组装技术经典实验.docx

自组装技术经典实验.docx

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自组装技术经典实验

Self-Assembly&Self-Organization

FluidCrystallization

Self-AssemblyLab&ArthurOlson

FluidCrystallization,exhibitedaspartofthe2013ArchitecturalLeaguePrizeExhibition,isaprojectthatinvestigateshierarchicalandnon-deterministicself-assemblywithlargenumbersofpartsinafluidandturbulentenvironment.Threehundredandfiftyhollowspheresweresubmergedina200-gallonglasswater-filledtank.Armatures,modeledaftercarbonatoms,followedintramolecularcovalentbondinggeometrieswithinatoms.Intermolecularstructuresformedasspheresinteractedwithoneanotherin1,2,or3-Dimensionalpatterns.Thehighlydynamicself-assemblycharacteristicofthesystemoffersaglimpseatmaterialphase-changebetweencrystallinesolid,liquid,andgaseousstates.Turbulenceinthewaterintroducedstochasticenergyintothesystem,increasingtheentropyandallowingstructurestoself-assemble;thus,transitioningbetweengas,liquid,andsolidphases.Polymorphismcouldbeobservedwherethesamestructurescouldsolidifyinmorethanonecrystallineform,demonstratingtheversatilenatureofcarbonasabuildingblockforlife.

FluidCrystallization

BioMolecularSelf-Assembly

SkylarTibbits,ArthurOlson&Autodeskinc.

TheBioMolecularSelf-Assemblyproject,completedfortheTEDGlobalConferencein2012,isaprojectdoneincollaborationwithmolecularbiologistArthurOlsonattheScrippsResearchInstituteandAutodesk.Thisprojectdemonstratesmolecularself-assemblythroughtangibleandphysicalmodels.Thegeometryandmaterialcomponentsarebasedonvariousmolecularstructuresincludingthetobaccoplantvirus,aferritinproteinassemblyandcatecholdioxygenaseenzyme.Eachbeakercontainsasinglemolecularstructurecoloredeitherwhite,redorblack,whichcouldbeshakenhardenoughtobreakthestructureapart,orconsistently,yetrandomly,toallowfortheself-assemblyofacompleteandprecisegeometry. 

BioMolecularSelf-Assembly

AutonomousMass-Assembly

SkylarTibbits,ArthurOlson&Autodeskinc.

Thisprojectinvestigateschiralself-assembly withmanypartsinordertoexploretheaggregatebehaviorofsimultaneous assembly andself-selection.Roughly240piecesareagitatedstochasticallytoself-assemblecloseddodecahedralmolecularstructuresbasedonthepolioviruscapsid.Patternsofattractionaredesignedwithineachparttospecifychemicalcomplementarityandchirality （rightandleft-handedness）.Overtimeandwiththerightamountofenergy,precisestructuresemergecompleteandself-sorted.Thiscontinualprocessshowsthevariousstagesof assembly fromindependentpartstoamixtureofassembledparts,thenabathoffullyassembledstructuresandfinallywithadditionalenergyinputbrokenagaininto autonomous pieces.Thisworkpointstowardsafutureofbothtangibleeducationaltoolsfornon-intuitivescientificphenomenaaswellasnewpossibilitiesforindustrial-scaleassembly applications.

AutonomousMass-Assembly

ChiralSelf-Assembly

SkylarTibbits,ArthurOlson&Autodeskinc.

TheChiralSelf-AssemblyprojectwasproducedforAutodeskUniversityinLasVegasalsoasacollaborationwithArthurOlsonandAutodesk.Inthisprojectweexploredbiomolecularchirality,ortheabilityforastructuretohavearight-handedandleft-handedpatterns.TheChiralSelf-Assemblyprojectaimstofurtherexploitself-assemblybydemonstratingself-sortinganderror-correctingstructures.Whenanumberofself-similarpartsareshakenrandomly,theyellow-coloredpartsandtheblack-coloredpartsindividuallyorganizethemselvesintoseparatesolid-coloreddodecahedronsshowingseparationandself-selection.

ChiralSelf-Assembly

AlternateattractionpatternsshowingChirality.

Self-AssemblyLine

SkylarTibbits,ArthurOlson&SEEDPhyllotaxisLab

TheSelf-AssemblyLine,completedforTEDLongBeach2012,isaprojectdoneincollaborationwiththemolecularbiologistArthurOlsonattheScrippsResearchInstituteandSeed’sPhyllotaxisLab.Thisinstallationwasalarge-scaleversionofaself-assemblyviruscapsid,demonstratedasaninteractiveandperformativestructure.Adiscretesetofmoduleswereactivatedbystochasticrotationfromalargercontainerthatpromotedtheinteractionbetweenunits.Theunitgeometryandattractionmechanismsensuredthatunitscameintocontactwithoneanotherandauto-alignedintolocallycorrectconfigurations.Overtime,asmoreunitscameintocontact,brokeaway,andreconnected,largerfurniture-scaleelementsemerged.Givendifferentsetsofunitgeometriesandattractionpolarities,variousstructurescouldbeachieved.Bychangingtheexternalconditions,thegeometryoftheunit,theattractionoftheunitsandthenumberofunitssupplied,thedesiredglobalconfigurationscanbeeasilyprogrammed.

Self-AssemblyLine