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工业设计外文文献翻译及原文
Theimpactof“3r”principlestoindustrialdesign
Abstract
Whileindustrialdesigncreatesmodemlifeandlivingsurroundingsforpeople,italsoacceleratestheexhaustionofthenaturalresourcesandtheenergyresources.Besides,ithasdoneharmtotheecologicalbalance,andthreatenedtheexistenceandthesustainabledevelopmentofhumanbeings.Confrontwiththissituation,thestrategyofsustainabledevelopment,proposedin1990s,isacceptedbymanypeople.Recyclingeconomyanditskeypoint,“3r”principle,werebornforthissituationandbecomeimportantprincipleinallkindsofeconomicactivitiesandintheareaofdesignandmanufacture.Bydecodingtheconnotationof“3r”principle,thearticleanalyzestheinfluenceandtheguidanceoverindustrialdesignof“3r”principle.Furthermore,thearticletriestodiscusstheconceptionofredesign,whichistheextensionofthe“3r”principleintheareaofindustrialdesign,andexplicates4Rprincipleofindustrialdesignforrecyclingeconomyatlast.
Keywords
3Rprinciple;industrialdesign;recyclingeconomy;Redesign
1Introduction
Industrialdesignasacross-cuttingtechnologyandtheartsdisciplines,itiscloselyrelatedtotheeconomyandtomaintainitsdevelopmentandprogressofsociety.Itcanbesummarized:
First,itservicesforindustrialmassproduction,makingindustrialproductsenhancethevalueandvalue-added.Second,Itleadsthefashion,toeffectivelystimulateconsumption,sothatconsumersnotonlyusetheproductatthesametime,butalsoenjoythenewtechnologyandmaterial;Third,itputstechnologytolinkupwiththemarket,makingproductsenhancecompetitiveness;Lastbutnottheleast,itcanbringtheinnovationintotheenterprise.Therefore,theeconomicdevelopmentneedsindustrialdesignwhichhasbecomeindispensabletothecountry'seconomicconstruction.
However,alongwiththetraditionalindustrialdesigncreatinghigh-qualitymodernlifestyleandlivingenvironmentandpromotingeconomicdevelopment,italsospeedsuptheconsumptionofresourcesandenergy.Whatismore,itdoseharmtotheecologicalbalanceoftheEarthandbringsaboutaseriousofgreatdamagetohumansurvivalandsustainabledevelopment.Especiallytheexcessivecommercializationofindustrialdesign,utilitarianandexcessivepursuitofprofit,theimplementationof"merchandisehasplanstoabolishthesystem"withouttakingintoaccountproduction,use,processwaste,suchastheenvironment,theimpactofresources.Itcanbesaidthatpeopleareininappropriateandexcessiveconsumptionpatternsoflife,theindustrialdesignobjectivelybecomesessentialmediumtoencouragepeopletouncontrolledconsume,whichiscounteredtotheessenceofindustrialdesign—creatingascienceandhealthywayoflife.
Facingthethreatofhumansurvivalandsustainabledevelopment,inthe20thcentury,peoplebegantoquestionthesustainabledevelopmentofhumanity,tocarryoutaprofoundreflectiononsustainabledevelopmentandtoputforwardasuitablemodelofcirculareconomy,theprincipleofcirculareconomyis“3r”(i.e.Reduce,Reuse,Recycle)whichisofgreatsignificancetotheimplementationandpromotionofsocio-economicstability,sustainabledevelopmentAgainstthisbackground,theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentintorapideconomicdevelopmentisinextricablylinkedtothedesign,basedonthisongoingexplorationandpractice.“3r”principlesintendedtosortoutthisarticleonvariousaspectsofindustrialdesignandtheguidingrole,andattemptstoexplorethe“3r”principlesofindustrialdesignattheextension.
2Cycleeconomicmodelandtheprincipleof“3r”
Economyisengagedinproduction,consumptionandreproductionactivities,whichistomeethumanmaterialneedsoftheirownmaterial.Recyclingeconomyisconsideredfollowingtheoriginaleconomy,theagriculturaleconomy,industrialeconomyafterthetimeofthepost-industrialeconomy,withtheindustrialeconomyis differentbetweentheresourcesandenvironmentrelationship.Followingtheeconomiccyclereferstothenaturalecosystemofthematerialcirculationandenergyflowreconstructionoftheeconomicsystemsothatitharmoniouslyintothenaturalecosystemsofthematerialenergyrecyclingprocesstoproductcleanproduction,resourcerecyclingandefficientrecyclingcharacterizedeco-economicdevelopmentpatterns,alsoknownaseco-economy,greeneconomy.
2.1Therelationshipbetweeneconomicmodel,environmentandtheresources
Humansurvivalandeconomicactivitiesrelyontheresourcesandtheenvironment.Ononehand,itisthesourceofthehumanbeingsmaterialsystem;ontheotherhand,itbearstheeconomicactivitiesofhumanwastegeneratedbythevariousroles.TheEarthcanprovideresourcesbutarelimited,eventhoughitmusthavetheabilitytopurify,howeveritissubjecttohumaneconomicactivitytheabilityofemissionsisalsolimited.
Industrialeconomicdevelopmentpatternsarefrom"OneProductOneresourcepollution"posedbyone-wayflowofmaterialandanopeneconomy,thisopennesshasledtoaglobaldepletionofresourcesandwaste,aswellastheseriousdeteriorationoftheecologicalenvironment.
Circulareconomydevelopmentpatternisfrom"oneofresourcesofrenewableresources,oneofgreenproducts"posedbythematerialenergyoftheclosed-loopfeedbackloopprocess,thisclosedloopsystem,canmaintaineconomicproductionoflow,high-quality,low-waste,whichwillbeeconomicactivityofnaturalresourcesandenvironmentalimpactstominimizedamage.
2.2Interpretationofthecirculareconomymode“3r”principle
“3r”principleisthebasicmanifestationoftheeconomiccycle,anditsspecificcontentsareasfollows:
"Reduction"principleisthefirstprincipleofcirculareconomy,thatisthesourceofcontrolmethod,whichrequiresthesourceofeconomicactivity-thedesignstage,payattentiontotheuseofresources-savingandpollutionreductionrequirementswithfewerresourcestoachievetheestablishedpurposeoftheproductionorconsumptionIntheproductionareas,usuallytheenergy-savingproductionprocesses,materialsandconservationofresources,theproductsofsmallsizeandlightweight,andeasyandsimplepackagingrequirementsinordertoachievethepurposeofreducingwasteemissions;Intheconsumerarea,reductionofthesupremacyoftheprincipleofachangeinconsumerlifestylesandadvocatemoderateconsumptionandgreenconsumption."Reuse"principleisthesecondprincipleofcirculareconomy,thatis,processcontrolmethods,withtheaimtoimprovetheproductsandresourcesuseefficiency,itcallsforproductdesigntoinitialtheformofpackagingformultipleitemstopreventprematurebecomewaste.Inthedesign,totheuseofstandard-sizedparts,repairandupgradeinordertoreplace,thusprolongingtheservicelifeofproducts;Intheconsumerarea,topromotethepurchaseofdurableconsumergoods,toreducetheuseofdisposableproducts,suchasafter-salesservicebystrengtheningthemeanstoextendtheproductlifeaspossibleandnotwaste.
"Recycling"principleisthethirdprincipleofcirculareconomy,thatis,terminalcontrolmethodofproductionandconsumptionintheprocessofwastegenerated,throughthe"resources"ofthemeansofitsre-processingofrawmaterialscanbere-usedorproduct,putitbackonconsumption.Resourcesoftheso-calledclassofresourcesusuallyincludetheoriginalandsecondaryresources.Theoriginalclassofresourcesisthewasteofresourcesaftertheformationofthesamewiththeoriginalproducts,sub-resourceisthewasteofresourcesintodifferenttypesofafterthenewproducts.Topromotewasterecyclingeconomywillbethesourceoftheoriginalandsub-classofcombiningresourcesinordertofullyrealizetherecyclinguseofresources.
3.Theimpactofthe“3r”principleoftoindustrialdesign
“3r”principleisnotonlyonproductsfromthedesign,production,sales,use,disposalandsoonthroughoutthelifecyclehaveanimpactonallaspect,butalsoontheindustrialdesignitself,amoreextensiveandprofoundchanges:
3.1Theimpactofdesignconcept
Inmodernindustrialeconomy,theproductdesignisoftentoservethepeople,justfromthepeopletomeetneedsandsolvetheproblemasthestartingpoint,anddonotconsiderthefollow-upproducts,useofresourcesandenergyconsumptionandemissionsontheenvironmentandotherecologicalproblems.“3r”principleinthedesignconceptundertheinfluencefromthe"people-oriented"towardsthe"harmonybetweenmanandnature"ofgreendesign,whilerespectingtheneedsofpeople,butalsoconsiderthesafetyoftheecosystem.Cycleeconomicmodeloftheindustrialdesignunderthedesignconcept,putpeopleandnatureliveinharmonyandcommondevelopmentinthefirstplace,theuseofsystemstheoryandCalibrationofallactsofindustrialdesign,fromproductdesignatthebeginningofthemacro-environmenthadprioritytoconsiderandpayattentiontothecoordinationofproductsthatrunthevariouselementsoftheprocessinordertoachievesystemoptimization.Here,theenvironmentalfactorsarethestartingpointofthewholedesignandendpoints,throughthedesign,effortstoimproveandreducetheproductsintheproduction,use,recyclingprocess,suchastheadverseimpactoftheenvironment.SoGreenDesignProductsareinthe"harmonybetweenmanandnature"undertheguidanceofthoughttotheharmoniousdevelopmentofmanandnature,theprincipleofhuman-machinesystemoneconsiderstheenvironment,acomprehensiveoptimizationoftheindustrialdesignofanewconcept.
3.2Theimpactofdesignstyle
Simpleisanaestheticpursuitofextremistsonthedesigno